{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:51:34Z","timestamp":1793163094423,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0004-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T09:25:47Z","timestamp":1527067547000},"page":"28-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The association of ambient PM2.5 with school absence and symptoms in schoolchildren: a panel study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike Z.","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.851113","volume":"120","author":"ML Bell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bell, M. L. et al. Emergency hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and ambient levels of carbon monoxide: results for 126 United States urban counties, 1999-2005. Circulation 120, 949\u2013955 (2009).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.10.1127","volume":"295","author":"F Dominici","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dominici, F. et al. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. JAMA 295, 1127\u20131134 (2006).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182126580","volume":"22","author":"MJ O\u2019Donnell","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell, M. J. et al. Fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and the risk of acute ischemic stroke. Epidemiology 22, 422\u2013431 (2011).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"4_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.16.037","volume":"49","author":"H Lim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lim, H. et al. Short-term effect of fine particulate matter on children\u2019s hospital admissions and emergency department visits for asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Prev. Med. Public Health 49, 205\u2013219 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"4_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.62.04.342","volume":"62","author":"NV Patto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patto, N. V. et al. Exposure to fine particulate matter and hospital admissions due to pneumonia: Effects on the number of hospital admissions and its costs. Rev. Assoc. Me\u0301d. Bras. 62, 342 (2016).","journal-title":"Rev. Assoc. Me\u0301d. Bras."},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003169","volume":"120","author":"SE Sarnat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sarnat, S. E. et al. Air pollution and acute respiratory response in a panel of asthmatic children along the U.S.-Mexico border. Environ. Health Perspect. 120, 437\u2013444 (2012).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"4_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31824cbd6d","volume":"23","author":"A Roy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy, A. et al. Ambient particulate matter and lung function growth in Chinese children. Epidemiology 23, 464\u2013472 (2012).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901499","volume":"118","author":"MM Patel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Patel, M. M. et al. Traffic-related particulate matter and acute respiratory symptoms among New York City area adolescents. Environ. Health Perspect. 118, 1338\u20131343 (2010).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"4_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M1356","volume":"11","author":"KD Mandl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mandl, K. D. et al. Implementing syndromic surveillance: a practical guide informed by the early experience. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 11, 141\u2013150 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200402000-00005","volume":"4","author":"V Kirtsreesakul","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kirtsreesakul, V. & Naclerio, R. M. Role of allergy in rhinosinusitis. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 4, 17\u201323 (2004).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.155358","volume":"66","author":"JL Peacock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peacock, J. L. et al. Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD. Thorax 66, 591\u2013596 (2011).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"4_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.05.004","volume":"94","author":"S Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu, S. et al. Short-term exposure to high ambient air pollution increases airway inflammation and respiratory symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in Beijing, China. Environ. Int. 94, 76\u201382 (2016).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2","volume":"385","author":"GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators.","year":"2015","unstructured":"GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 385, 117\u2013171 (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2916","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002916","volume":"95","author":"NM Hales","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hales, N. M. et al. A quasi-experimental analysis of elementary school absences and fine particulate air pollution. Medicine (Baltimore) 95, e2916 (2016).","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"4_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"MZ He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He, M. Z. et al. Fine particulate matter concentrations in urban Chinese cities, 2005-2016: a systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14, 1\u201314 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"4_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21455","volume":"5","author":"K Harmanci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harmanci, K. et al. Nasal and bronchial response to exercise in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis out of the pollen season. Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. 5, 143\u2013148 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.113240","volume":"107","author":"BJ Apelberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Apelberg, B. J., Aoki, Y. & Jaakkola, J. J. Systematic review: exposure to pets and risk of asthma and asthma-like symptoms. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 107, 455\u2013460 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.553","volume":"65","author":"R Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, R. et al. Cardiopulmonary benefits of reducing indoor particles of outdoor origin: a randomized, double-blind crossover trial of air purifiers. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 65, 2279\u20132287 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2013.850127","volume":"25","author":"FR Cassee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cassee, F. R. et al. Particulate matter beyond mass: recent health evidence on the role of fractions, chemical constituents and sources of emission. Inhal. Toxicol. 25, 802\u2013812 (2013).","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/10590500802494538","volume":"26","author":"A Valavanidis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Valavanidis, A., Fiotakis, K. & Vlachogianni, T. Airborne particulate matter and human health: toxicological assessment and importance of size and composition of particles for oxidative damage and carcinogenic mechanisms. J. Environ. Sci. Health C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. 26, 339\u2013362 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev."},{"key":"4_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0351OC","volume":"57","author":"M Ramanathan Jr.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ramanathan, M. Jr. et al. Airborne particulate matter induces non-allergic eosinophilic sinonasal inflammation in mice. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 57, 59\u201365 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-010-0101-8","volume":"4","author":"JA Araujo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Araujo, J. A. Particulate air pollution, systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Air Qual. Atmos. Health 4, 79\u201393 (2010).","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2010.642021","volume":"24","author":"S Bakand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bakand, S., Hayes, A. & Dechsakulthorn, F. Nanoparticles: a review of particle toxicology following inhalation exposure. Inhal. Toxicol. 24, 125\u2013135 (2012).","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"4_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17407330","volume":"17","author":"A Sydbom","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sydbom, A. et al. Health effects of diesel exhaust emissions. Eur. Respir. J. 17, 733\u2013746 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"4_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.04.014","volume":"223","author":"S Sigaud","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sigaud, S. et al. Air pollution particles diminish bacterial clearance in the primed lungs of mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 223, 1\u20139 (2007).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"4_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E69","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.06.28","volume":"8","author":"YF Xing","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xing, Y. F. et al. The impact of PM2.5 on the human respiratory system. J. Thorac. Dis. 8, E69\u2013E74 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"4_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3109\/08958371003631608","volume":"22","author":"M He","year":"2010","unstructured":"He, M. et al. Urban particulate matter in Beijing, China, enhances allergen-induced murine lung eosinophilia. Inhal. Toxicol. 22, 709\u2013718 (2010).","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"4_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2010.11.001","volume":"111","author":"EJ Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park, E. J. et al. PM 2.5 collected in a residential area induced Th1-type inflammatory responses with oxidative stress in mice. Environ. Res 111, 348\u2013355 (2011).","journal-title":"Environ. Res"},{"key":"4_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.3109\/08958371003621633","volume":"22","author":"K Yoshizaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yoshizaki, K. et al. Subchronic effects of nasally instilled diesel exhaust particulates on the nasal and airway epithelia in mice. Inhal. Toxicol. 22, 610\u2013617 (2010).","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"4_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2007.00897.x","volume":"27","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Wang, T. & Jelsovsky, J. Z. Bootstrap estimation of benchmark doses and confidence limits with clustered quantal data. Risk Anal. 27, 447\u2013465 (2007).","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"4_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1997.8252","volume":"146","author":"YK Kim","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kim, Y. K. et al. Effects of antioxidants and Ca2+in cisplatin-induced cell injury in rabbit renal cortical slices. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 146, 261\u2013269 (1997).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L344","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00139.2003","volume":"286","author":"DM Brown","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brown, D. M. et al. Calcium and ROS-mediated activation of transcription factors and TNF-alpha cytokine gene expression in macrophages exposed to ultrafine particles. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 286, L344\u2013L353 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-018-0004-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-018-0004-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-018-0004-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T21:22:50Z","timestamp":1684617770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-018-0004-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-018-0004-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 September 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}