{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:52:24Z","timestamp":1787161944157,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0237-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T11:54:14Z","timestamp":1542887654000},"page":"355-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Differentiation of esophageal pH-impedance characteristics classified by the mucosal integrity marker in human neonates"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Sudarshan R.","family":"Jadcherla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour","family":"Hanandeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Hasenstab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saira","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"237_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001889","volume":"66","author":"R Rosen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosen, R. et al. Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Clinical Practice Guidelines: Joint Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 66, 516\u2013554 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"237_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31819de871","volume":"49","author":"Y Vandenplas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vandenplas, Y. et al. Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 49, 498\u2013547 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"237_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2013-0036","volume":"3","author":"SR Jadcherla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jadcherla, S. R. et al. Practice variance, prevalence, and economic burden of premature infants diagnosed with GERD. Hosp. Pediatr. 3, 335\u2013341 (2013).","journal-title":"Hosp. Pediatr."},{"key":"237_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31821f704d","volume":"70","author":"SR Jadcherla","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jadcherla, S. R. et al. Significance of gastroesophageal refluxate in relation to physical, chemical, and spatiotemporal characteristics in symptomatic intensive care unit neonates. Pediatr. Res. 70, 192\u2013198 (2011).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.03.059","volume":"174","author":"JL Slaughter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slaughter, J. L. et al. Neonatal histamine-2 receptor antagonist and proton pump inhibitor treatment at United States Children\u2019s Hospitals. J. Pediatr. 174, 63\u201370.e63 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"237_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01748.x","volume":"103","author":"SR Jadcherla","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jadcherla, S. R. et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics of acid refluxate and relationship to symptoms in premature and term infants with chronic lung disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103, 720\u2013728 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"237_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-017-9792-4","volume":"32","author":"M Sivalingam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sivalingam, M. et al. Effects of esophageal acidification on troublesome symptoms: an approach to characterize true acid GERD in dysphagic neonates. Dysphagia 32, 509\u2013519 (2017).","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"237_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00966.x","volume":"102","author":"AJ Bredenoord","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bredenoord, A. J. et al. Technology review: esophageal impedance monitoring. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102, 187\u2013194 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"237_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loots, C. M.et al. Esophageal impedance baselines in infants before and after placebo and proton pump inhibitor therapy. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 24, 758\u2013762, e351\u2013e352 (2012).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01922.x"},{"key":"237_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-012-0689-6","volume":"48","author":"C Zhong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhong, C. et al. Esophageal intraluminal baseline impedance is associated with severity of acid reflux and epithelial structural abnormalities in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. J. Gastroenterol. 48, 601\u2013610 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"237_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01947.x","volume":"24","author":"O Borrelli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borrelli, O. et al. Relationship between baseline impedance levels and esophageal mucosal integrity in children with erosive and non-erosive reflux disease. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 24, 828\u2013e394 (2012).","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"237_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001496","volume":"65","author":"J Cohen Sabban","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cohen Sabban, J. et al. Low-impedance baseline values predict severe esophagitis. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 65, 278\u2013280 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"237_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31827167e2","volume":"56","author":"RJ Pol van der","year":"2013","unstructured":"van der Pol, R. J. et al. Outcomes of endoscopy and novel pH-impedance parameters in children: is there a correlation? J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 56, 196\u2013200 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"237_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000226368.24332.50","volume":"43","author":"A Gupta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gupta, A. & Jadcherla, S. R. The relationship between somatic growth and in vivo esophageal segmental and sphincteric growth in human neonates. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 43, 35\u201341 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"237_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-17-18","volume":"17","author":"D Ummarino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ummarino, D. et al. Esophageal impedance baseline according to different time intervals. Eur. J. Med. Res. 17, 18 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"237_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.072629","volume":"54","author":"AJ Bredenoord","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bredenoord, A. J., Weusten, B. L. & Smout, A. J. Symptom association analysis in ambulatory gastro-oesophageal reflux monitoring. Gut 54, 1810\u20131817 (2005).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"237_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.233049","volume":"60","author":"R Farre","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farre, R. et al. Evaluation of oesophageal mucosa integrity by the intraluminal impedance technique. Gut 60, 885\u2013892 (2011).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"237_CR18","first-page":"151","volume":"3","author":"J Silny","year":"1991","unstructured":"Silny, J. Intraluminal multiple electric impedance procedure for measurement of gastrointestinal motility. Wiley Online Libr. 3, 151\u2013162 (1991).","journal-title":"Wiley Online Libr."},{"key":"237_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G683","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00134.2001","volume":"282","author":"JD Barlow","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barlow, J. D., Gregersen, H. & Thompson, D. G. Identification of the biomechanical factors associated with the perception of distension in the human esophagus. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 282, G683\u2013G689 (2002).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"237_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.276","volume":"106","author":"BF Kessing","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kessing, B. F. et al. Esophageal acid exposure decreases intraluminal baseline impedance levels. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 106, 2093\u20132097 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"237_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.014","volume":"128","author":"WJ Barlow","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barlow, W. J. & Orlando, R. C. The pathogenesis of heartburn in nonerosive reflux disease: a unifying hypothesis. Gastroenterology 128, 771\u2013778 (2005).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"237_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12152","volume":"27","author":"S Salvatore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salvatore, S. et al. Behind the (impedance) baseline in children. Dis. Esophagus 27, 726\u2013731 (2014).","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"237_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1835","volume":"131","author":"JL Slaughter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Slaughter, J. L., Stenger, M. R. & Reagan, P. B. Variation in the use of diuretic therapy for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics 131, 716\u2013723 (2013).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"237_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.05.012","volume":"53","author":"A Qureshi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qureshi, A. et al. The role of sleep in the modulation of gastroesophageal reflux and symptoms in NICU neonates. Pediatr. Neurol. 53, 226\u2013232 (2015).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"237_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.08.066","volume":"179","author":"J Sankaran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sankaran, J. et al. Effect of severity of esophageal acidification on sleep vs wake periods in infants presenting with brief resolved unexplained events. J. Pediatr. 179, 42\u201348 e41 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"237_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181568123","volume":"62","author":"RY Bhat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bhat, R. Y. et al. Acid gastroesophageal reflux in convalescent preterm infants: effect of posture and relationship to apnea. Pediatr. Res. 62, 620\u2013623 (2007).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.131","volume":"78","author":"SR Jadcherla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jadcherla, S. R. et al. Mechanisms of cough provocation and cough resolution in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr. Res. 78, 462\u2013469 (2015).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.02.003","volume":"165","author":"KA Hasenstab","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hasenstab, K. A. & Jadcherla, S. R. Respiratory events in infants presenting with apparent life threatening events: is there an explanation from esophageal motility? J. Pediatr. 165, 250\u2013255 e251 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"237_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravi, K., et al. Baseline impedance measured during high-resolution esophageal impedance manometry reliably discriminates GERD patients. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 29, 1\u20138 e12974\u00a0(2017).","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12974"},{"key":"237_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318247c319","volume":"46","author":"R Heard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heard, R. et al. Characterization of patients with low baseline impedance on multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH reflux testing. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 46, e55\u2013e57 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"237_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182288766","volume":"54","author":"SR Jadcherla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jadcherla, S. R. et al. Impact of personalized feeding program in 100 NICU infants: pathophysiology-based approach for better outcomes. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 54, 62\u201370 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"237_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.065","volume":"181","author":"SR Jadcherla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jadcherla, S. R. et al. Feeding methods at discharge predict long-term feeding and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants referred for gastrostomy evaluation. J. Pediatr. 181, 125\u2013130 e121 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"237_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000709","volume":"60","author":"R Tambucci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tambucci, R. et al. Clinical relevance of esophageal baseline impedance measurement: just an innocent bystander. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 60, 776\u2013782 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"237_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200211000-00024","volume":"52","author":"SR Jadcherla","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jadcherla, S. R. Inflammation inhibits muscarinic signaling in in vivo canine colonic circular smooth muscle cells. Pediatr. Res. 52, 756\u2013762 (2002).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31829b68cd","volume":"57","author":"S Salvatore","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salvatore, S. et al. Esophageal impedance baseline is age dependent. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 57, 506\u2013513 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"237_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12290","volume":"29","author":"S Salvatore","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salvatore, S. et al. Low mean impedance in 24-hour tracings and esophagitis in children: a strong connection. Dis. Esophagus 29, 10\u201314 (2016).","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"237_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000173603.77388.84","volume":"41","author":"H Mousa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mousa, H. et al. Testing the association between gastroesophageal reflux and apnea in infants. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 41, 169\u2013177 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"237_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.07.029","volume":"157","author":"S Salvatore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salvatore, S. et al. Esophageal impedance in children: symptom-based results. J. Pediatr. 157, 949\u2013954.e1\u20132 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"237_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.40268.x","volume":"99","author":"R Rosen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rosen, R. & Nurko, S. The importance of multichannel intraluminal impedance in the evaluation of children with persistent respiratory symptoms. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99, 2452\u20132458 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"237_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22949","volume":"49","author":"R Rosen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosen, R. et al. The utility of endoscopy and multichannel intraluminal impedance testing in children with cough and wheezing. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 49, 1090\u20131096 (2014).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"237_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.01.016","volume":"105","author":"M Ghezzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghezzi, M. et al. Acid and weakly acid gastroesophageal refluxes and type of respiratory symptoms in children. Respir. Med. 105, 972\u2013978 (2011).","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"237_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318216e1ad","volume":"53","author":"O Borrelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Borrelli, O. et al. Role of gastroesophageal reflux in children with unexplained chronic cough. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 53, 287\u2013292 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"237_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181a4c1d8","volume":"50","author":"R Francavilla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Francavilla, R. et al. Comparison of esophageal pH and multichannel intraluminal impedance testing in pediatric patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 50, 154\u2013160 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"237_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01650.x","volume":"23","author":"L Corvaglia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corvaglia, L. et al. The frequency of apneas in very preterm infants is increased after non-acid gastro-esophageal reflux. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 23, 303\u2013307, e152 (2011).","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"237_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9374-z","volume":"51","author":"G Mattioli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mattioli, G. et al. Esophageal impedance\/pH monitoring in pediatric patients: preliminary experience with 50 cases. Dig. Dis. Sci. 51, 2341\u20132347 (2006).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-018-0237-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-018-0237-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-018-0237-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T17:24:47Z","timestamp":1684603487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-018-0237-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-018-0237-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 May 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}