{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:21:36Z","timestamp":1788988896534,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0416-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T21:52:56Z","timestamp":1557784376000},"page":"269-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Outcomes of singleton small for gestational age preterm infants exposed to maternal hypertension: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"86","author":[{"name":"on behalf of the Canadian Neonatal Network Investigators","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elhaytham","family":"ElSayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibasis","family":"Daspal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ermelinda","family":"Pelausa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rody","family":"Canning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakesh S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5270-5326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamran","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"416_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boghossian, N. S., Geraci M., Edwards E. M. & Horbar J. D. Morbidity and mortality in small for gestational age infants at 22 to 29 weeks' gestation. Pediatrics 141, e20172533 (2018).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2533"},{"key":"416_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.12.097","volume":"163","author":"LC De Jesus","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Jesus, L. C. et al. Outcomes of small for gestational age infants born at <27 weeks' gestation. J. Pediatr. 163, 55\u201360\u00a0(2013)","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"416_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00055","volume":"10","author":"A Malhotra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Malhotra, A. et al. Neonatal morbidities of fetal growth restriction: pathophysiology and impact. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 10, 55 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"416_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.05.002","volume":"157","author":"J Zeitlin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zeitlin, J. et al. Impact of fetal growth restriction on mortality and morbidity in a very preterm birth cohort. J. Pediatr. 157, 733\u2013739 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"416_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.01.036","volume":"191","author":"TJ Garite","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garite, T. J., Clark, R. & Thorp, J. A. Intrauterine growth restriction increases morbidity and mortality among premature neonates. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 191, 481\u2013487 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"416_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2014.07.007","volume":"56","author":"LY Tsai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsai, L. Y., Chen, Y. L., Tsou, K. I. & Mu, S. C. Taiwan Premature Infant Developmental Collaborative Study Group. The impact of small-for-gestational-age on neonatal outcome among very-low-birth-weight infants. Pediatr. Neonatol. 56, 101\u2013107 (2015).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neonatol."},{"key":"416_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01219.x","volume":"98","author":"U Kiechl-Kohlendorfer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U., Ralser, E., Pupp Peglow, U., Reiter, G. & Trawoger, R. Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants: risk factor profiles for different gestational ages. Acta Paediatr. 98, 792\u2013796 (2009).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"416_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-017-4341-9","volume":"295","author":"LM Nardozza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nardozza, L. M. et al. Fetal growth restriction: current knowledge. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 295, 1061\u20131077 (2017).","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"416_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2011.01.006","volume":"25","author":"JA Hutcheon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hutcheon, J. A., Lisonkova, S. & Joseph, K. S. Epidemiology of pre-eclampsia and the other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 25, 391\u2013403 (2011).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"416_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.133","volume":"36","author":"L Gemmell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gemmell, L. et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and outcomes of preterm infants of 24 to 28 weeks' gestation. J. Perinatol. 36, 1067\u20131072 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"416_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e532","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.13-9-e532","volume":"13","author":"Rugolo LMSS","year":"2012","unstructured":"LMSS, Rugolo & Bentlin, M. R. CEP T preeclampsia: early and late neonatal outcomes. NeoReviews 13, e532\u2013e541 (2012).","journal-title":"NeoReviews"},{"key":"416_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.5.1070","volume":"106","author":"SK Lee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee, S. K. et al. Variations in practice and outcomes in the Canadian NICU network: 1996\u20131997. Pediatrics 106, 1070\u20131079 (2000).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"416_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603325","volume":"34","author":"PS Shah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shah, P. S. et al. Internal udit of the Canadian Neonatal Network Data Collection System. Am. J. Perinatol. 34, 1241\u20131249 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"416_CR14","unstructured":"The Canadian Neonatal Network. Abstractor\u2019' Manual v.3.3.0 (The Canadian Neonatal Network, Toronto, Canada, 2018)."},{"key":"416_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E35","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.e35","volume":"108","author":"MS Kramer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kramer, M. S. et al. A new and improved population-based Canadian reference for birth weight for gestational age. Pediatrics 108, E35 (2001).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"416_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.82.4.527","volume":"82","author":"AT Shennan","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shennan, A. T., Dunn, M. S., Ohlsson, A., Lennox, K. & Hoskins, E. M. Abnormal pulmonary outcomes in premature infants: prediction from oxygen requirement in the neonatal period. Pediatrics 82, 527\u2013532 (1988).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"416_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(83)80366-7","volume":"103","author":"LA Papile","year":"1983","unstructured":"Papile, L. A., Munsick-Bruno, G. & Schaefer, A. Relationship of cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage and early childhood neurologic handicaps. J. Pediatr. 103, 273\u2013277 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"416_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001","volume":"187","author":"MJ Bell","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bell, M. J. et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis\u2014therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann. Surg. 187, 1\u20137 (1978).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"416_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991","volume":"123","author":"G Gole","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gole, G. et al. The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity Revisited. Arch. Ophathlmol. 123, 991\u2013999 (2005).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophathlmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"416_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.928851","volume":"28","author":"Rivka H. Regev","year":"2014","unstructured":"Regev R. H. et al. Outcome of singleton preterm small for gestational age infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension. A population-based study. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 28, 666\u201373 (2015).","journal-title":"The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"key":"416_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01177.x","volume":"114","author":"XK Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen, X. K., Wen, S. W., Smith, G., Yang, Q. & Walker, M. Pregnancy-induced hypertension and infant mortality: Roles of birthweight centiles and gestational age. BJOG 114, 24\u201331 (2007).","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"416_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719117711260","volume":"25","author":"CA McBride","year":"2018","unstructured":"McBride, C. A., Bernstein, I. M., Badger, G. J. & Soll, R. F. Maternal hypertension and mortality in small for gestational age 22- to 29-week infants. Reprod. Sci. 25, 276\u2013280 (2018).","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"416_CR23","first-page":"1174","volume":"77","author":"RS Goland","year":"1993","unstructured":"Goland, R. S. et al. Elevated levels of umbilical cord plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone in growth-retarded fetuses. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 77, 1174\u20131179 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"416_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1594017","volume":"34","author":"N Soliman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soliman, N., Chaput, K., Alshaikh, B. & Yusuf, K. Preeclampsia and the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants less than 32 weeks' gestation. Am. J. Perinatol. 34, 585\u2013592 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"416_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(71)90472-8","volume":"111","author":"NF Gant","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gant, N. F., Hutchinson, H. T., Siiteri, P. K. & MacDonald, P. C. Study of the metabolic clearance rate of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate in pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 111, 555\u2013563 (1971).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"416_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75168","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075168","volume":"8","author":"TA Yen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yen, T. A. et al. Preeclampsia and the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VLBW infants: a population based study. PLoS ONE 8, e75168 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"416_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1348","volume":"113","author":"PN Tsao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsao, P. N. et al. Placenta growth factor elevation in the cord blood of premature neonates predicts poor pulmonary outcome. Pediatrics 113, 1348\u20131351 (2004).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"416_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-115","volume":"10","author":"SL Cheng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheng, S. L. et al. Prevention of elastase-induced emphysema in placenta growth factor knock-out mice. Respir. Res. 10, 115 (2009).","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"416_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518 e511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.01.002","volume":"216","author":"M Chevallier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chevallier, M. et al. Leading causes of preterm delivery as risk factors for intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants: results of the EPIPAGE 2 cohort study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 216, 518 e511\u2013518 e512 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"416_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143248","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143248","volume":"10","author":"HC Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang, H. C. et al. Preeclampsia and retinopathy of prematurity in very-low-birth-weight infants: a population-based study. PLoS ONE 10, e0143248 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"416_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1861","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19071861","volume":"19","author":"YC Hung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hung, Y. C., Yeh, J. L. & Hsu, J. H. Molecular mechanisms for regulating postnatal ductus arteriosus closure. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, E1861 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"416_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2011-0312","volume":"40","author":"K Yusuf","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yusuf, K., Kamaluddeen, M., Wilson, R. D. & Akierman, A. Carboxyhemoglobin levels in umbilical cord blood of women with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. J. Perinat. Med. 40, 619\u2013624 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"416_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.838949","volume":"27","author":"K Yusuf","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yusuf, K. et al. Methemoglobin levels in umbilical cord blood of women with intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 27, 789\u2013794 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"416_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.640368","volume":"25","author":"A Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, A. et al. Circulating anti-angiogenic factors during hypertensive pregnancy and increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 25, 1447\u20131452 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"416_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14163","volume":"124","author":"D Jaskolka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaskolka, D., Retnakaran, R., Zinman, B. & Kramer, C. K. Fetal sex and maternal risk of pre-eclampsia\/eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 124, 553\u2013560 (2017).","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"416_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31823dc56e","volume":"119","author":"JC Larkin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Larkin, J. C., Hill, L. M., Speer, P. D. & Simhan, H. N. Risk of morbid perinatal outcomes in small-for-gestational-age pregnancies: customized compared with conventional standards of fetal growth. Obstet. Gynecol. 119, 21\u201327 (2012).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"416_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11204","volume":"41","author":"C Mayer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mayer, C. & Joseph, K. S. Fetal growth: a review of terms, concepts and issues relevant to obstetrics. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 41, 136\u2013145 (2013).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"416_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F161","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.109439","volume":"92","author":"RA Ehrenkranz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ehrenkranz, R. A. Estimated fetal weights versus birth weights: should the reference intrauterine growth curves based on birth weights be retired? Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 92, F161\u2013F162 (2007).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"416_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000190498.55832.19","volume":"106","author":"P von Dadelszen","year":"2005","unstructured":"von Dadelszen, P. & Magee, L. A. Maternal hypertension and neonatal outcome among small for gestational age infants. Obstet. Gynecol. 106, 1416\u20131417 (2005).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"416_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e223","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3629","volume":"121","author":"CK Shapiro-Mendoza","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shapiro-Mendoza, C. K. et al. Effect of late-preterm birth and maternal medical conditions on newborn morbidity risk. Pediatrics 121, e223\u2013e232 (2008).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-019-0416-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-019-0416-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-019-0416-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T21:26:37Z","timestamp":1684617997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-019-0416-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-019-0416-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}