{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:32:37Z","timestamp":1791336757674,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairments that may originate in early NICU care. We hypothesized that early oxygen saturations (SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), arterial pO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels, and supplemental oxygen (FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) would associate with later neuroanatomic changes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, arterial blood gases, and FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from 73 ELGANs (GA 26.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2; BW 867\u2009\u00b1\u2009179\u2009g) during the first 3 postnatal days were correlated with later white matter injury (WM, MRI, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200969), secondary cortical somatosensory processing in magnetoencephalography (MEG-SII, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200939), Hempel neurological examination (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200966), and developmental quotients of Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200958).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The ELGANs with later WM abnormalities exhibited lower SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and pO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels, and higher FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> need during the first 3 days than those with normal WM. They also had higher pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values. The infants with abnormal MEG-SII showed opposite findings, i.e., displayed higher SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and pO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels and lower FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> need, than those with better outcomes. Severe WM changes and abnormal MEG-SII were correlated with adverse neurodevelopment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Low oxygen levels and high FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> need during the NICU care associate with WM abnormalities, whereas higher oxygen levels correlate with abnormal MEG-SII. The results may indicate certain brain structures being more vulnerable to hypoxia and others to hyperoxia, thus emphasizing the role of strict saturation targets.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>This study indicates that both abnormally low and high oxygen levels during early NICU care are harmful for later neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>Specific brain structures seem to be vulnerable to low and others to high oxygen levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>The findings may have clinical implications as oxygen is one of the most common therapies given in NICUs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>The results emphasize the role of strict saturation targets during the early postnatal period in preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                <\/jats:list><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01460-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T18:03:15Z","timestamp":1616436195000},"page":"131-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Early oxygen levels contribute to brain injury in extremely preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Krista","family":"Rantakari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli-Pekka","family":"Rinta-Koski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjo","family":"Mets\u00e4ranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Hollm\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simo","family":"S\u00e4rkk\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petri","family":"Rahkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aulikki","family":"Lano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Lauronen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Nevalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus J.","family":"Leskinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sture","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1460_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-317896","volume":"105","author":"EK Baker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baker, E. 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