{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T19:40:55Z","timestamp":1772134855513,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n We hypothesised that the\u00a0clinical characteristics of hospitalised children and young people\u00a0(CYP) with SARS-CoV-2 in the UK second wave (W2) would differ from the first\u00a0wave (W1) due to the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), school reopening and relaxation of shielding.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Prospective multicentre observational cohort study of patients <19 years hospitalised in the UK with SARS-CoV-2 between 17\/01\/20 and 31\/01\/21. Clinical characteristics were compared between W1 and W2 (W1\u2009=\u200917\/01\/20-31\/07\/20,W2 =\u00a001\/08\/20-31\/01\/21).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n 2044 CYP\u2009<\u200919 years from 187 hospitals. 427\/2044 (20.6%) with asymptomatic\/incidental SARS-CoV-2 were excluded from main analysis. 16.0% (248\/1548) of symptomatic CYP were admitted to critical care and 0.8% (12\/1504) died. 5.6% (91\/1617) of symptomatic CYP had Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). After excluding CYP with MIS-C, patients in W2 had lower Paediatric Early Warning Scores (PEWS, composite vital sign score), lower antibiotic use and less respiratory and cardiovascular support than W1. The proportion of CYP admitted to critical care was unchanged. 58.0% (938\/1617) of symptomatic CYP had no reported comorbidity. Patients without co-morbidities were younger (42.4%, 398\/938, <1 year), had lower PEWS, shorter length of stay and less respiratory support.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n We found no evidence of increased disease severity in W2 vs W1. A large proportion of hospitalised CYP had no comorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Impact<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n No evidence of increased severity of COVID-19 admissions amongst children and young people (CYP) in the second vs first wave in the UK, despite changes in variant, relaxation of shielding and return to face-to-face schooling.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n CYP with no comorbidities made up a significant proportion of those admitted. However, they had shorter length of stays and lower treatment requirements than CYP with comorbidities once those with MIS-C were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n At least 20% of CYP admitted in this cohort had asymptomatic\/incidental SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n This paper was presented to SAGE to inform CYP vaccination policy in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02052-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T21:03:03Z","timestamp":1650574983000},"page":"207-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparison of UK paediatric SARS-CoV-2 admissions across the first and second pandemic waves"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Olivia V.","family":"Swann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Pollock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl A.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alasdair P. 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JKB reports institutional grants from DHSC National Institute of Health Research UK (NIHR UK) and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), during the conduct of the study; but reports no competing interests outside the submitted work. J.S.N-V-T. reports no competing interests during the conduct of the study; but reports secondment to the Department of Health and Social Care, England (DHSC). J.S.N-V-T. is an official Observer at, but not a member of, the Joint Committee for Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI). The views expressed in this manuscript are those of its authors and not necessarily those of DHSC or the JCVI. L.T. reports no competing interests during the conduct of the study; but reports payment to the University of Liverpool from Eisai ltd for a lecture on COVID and cancer, outside of the submitted work. M.G.S. reports grants from National Institute of Health Research UK (NIHR), Medical Research Council UK (MRC) and Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging & Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, during the conduct of the study; and is chair of the Infectious Diseases Science Advisory Board and minority owner of Integrum Scientific, Greensboro NC, outside the submitted work. P.J.M.O. reports grant support from Institute of Health Research UK (NIHR) and Medical Research Council UK (MRC), during the conduct of the study; and reports collaborative grant support for EMINENT consortium from MRC\/GSK and payment to Imperial College from Affnivax, Oxford Immunotech, Nestle and Pfizer, outside of the conduct of the study. P.J.M.O. reports payment to Imperial College London by Jansen (J&J) for chairing a symposium and delivering a lecture. P.J.M.O. was Past President of British Society for Immunology (unpaid), outside of the conduct of the study. S.N.F. reports a grant (NIHR Senior Investigator Award) to his institution from National Institute of Health Research UK (NIHR), during the conduct of the study; and has been a clinical trial investigator on behalf of institution for Pfizer, Sanofi, GSK, J&J, Merck, AstraZeneca and Valenva, outside of the conduct of the study. No personal payments of any kind were given for these. S.N.F. also reports institutional fees for speaking at a symposiums for Pfizer for meningococcal vaccines (2018 and 2019) and pneumococcal vaccines (2021); as well as institutional fees for advisory board participation for AstraZeneca, Medimmune, Sanofi, Pfizer, Seqirus, Sandoz, Merck and J&J. S.N.F. was also Chair of UK NICE Sepsis (2014\u201316) and Lyme Disease (2016\u201318) Guidelines (adults and children) with expenses paid in line with NICE financial regulations. T.M.D. reports no competing interests during the conduct of the study; but reports grant funding to institution for Aligos therapeutics for work on hepatobiliary cancer, outside of the conduct of the study. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"In England and Wales routine anonymised data from medical records was collected without the need for consent under regulation 3 (4) of the Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002. In Scotland, a waiver of need for consent was obtained from the Public Benefit and Privacy Panel. Ethical approval was given by the South Central\u2013Oxford C Research Ethics Committee in England (reference 13\/SC\/0149) and the Scotland A Research Ethics Committee (reference 20\/SS\/0028).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Legal basis for data collection and ethics approval"}}]}}