{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:27:03Z","timestamp":1790620023995,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03101-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T10:02:13Z","timestamp":1712570533000},"page":"1777-1787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Perinatal inflammation, fetal growth restriction, and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Anne CC","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Cherkerzian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahmida","family":"Tofail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian V.","family":"Folger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salahuddin","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayedur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabid H.","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasheda","family":"Khanam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Oken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raina","family":"Fichorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah H.","family":"Baqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrie","family":"Inder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3101_CR1","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A\/RES\/70\/1).; 2015. Accessed August 2, 2023. https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/57b6e3e44.html."},{"key":"3101_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.204","volume":"74","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blencowe, H. et al. Preterm birth-associated neurodevelopmental impairment estimates at regional and global levels for 2010. Pediatr. Res. 74, 17\u201334 (2013).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3101_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.206","volume":"74","author":"ACC Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, A. C. C. et al. Intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy incidence and impairment at regional and global levels for 2010 with trends from 1990. Pediatr. Res. 74, 50\u201372 (2013).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3101_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00522-6","volume":"401","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lawn, J. E. et al. Small babies, big risks: global estimates of prevalence and mortality for vulnerable newborns to accelerate change and improve counting. Lancet 401, 1707\u20131719 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3101_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","volume":"396","author":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators.","year":"2020","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396, 1204\u20131222 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3101_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3428","volume":"307","author":"RM Chico","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chico, R. M. et al. Prevalence of malaria and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. JAMA 307, 2079\u20132086 (2012).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3101_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20540","volume":"85","author":"SA Collier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Collier, S. A., Rasmussen, S. A., Feldkamp, M. L. & Honein, M. A. National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Prevalence of self-reported infection during pregnancy among control mothers in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 85, 193\u2013201 (2009).","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin. Mol. Teratol."},{"key":"3101_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.07.010","volume":"107","author":"GL Darmstadt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Darmstadt, G. L. et al. 60 Million non-facility births: who can deliver in community settings to reduce intrapartum-related deaths? Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 107, S89\u2013S112 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"3101_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.07.016","volume":"107","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lawn, J. E. et al. Two million intrapartum-related stillbirths and neonatal deaths: where, why, and what can be done? Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 107, S5\u2013S18 (2009). S19.","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"3101_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X","volume":"382","author":"RE Black","year":"2013","unstructured":"Black, R. E. et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 382, 427\u2013451 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3101_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.216374","volume":"145","author":"N Kozuki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kozuki, N. et al. Short Maternal Stature Increases Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age and Preterm Births in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis and Population Attributable Fraction. J. Nutr. 145, 2542\u20132550 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"3101_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013000475","volume":"16","author":"AA Shamim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shamim, A. A. et al. Plasma zinc, vitamin B(12) and \u03b1-tocopherol are positively and plasma \u03b3-tocopherol is negatively associated with Hb concentration in early pregnancy in north-west Bangladesh. Public Health Nutr. 16, 1354\u20131361 (2013).","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"3101_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2828F","volume":"139","author":"BR Vohr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vohr, B. R., Poggi Davis, E., Wanke, C. A. & Krebs, N. F. Neurodevelopment: The Impact of Nutrition and Inflammation During Preconception and Pregnancy in Low-Resource Settings. Pediatrics 139, S38\u2013S49 (2017).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"3101_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.10.012","volume":"109","author":"AS M\u00e9ndez Leal","year":"2023","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez Leal, A. S. et al. Maternal early life stress is associated with pro-inflammatory processes during pregnancy. Brain Behav. Immun. 109, 285\u2013291 (2023).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"3101_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199806000-00006","volume":"43","author":"K S\u00e4vman","year":"1998","unstructured":"S\u00e4vman, K., Blennow, M., Gustafson, K., Tarkowski, E. & Hagberg, H. Cytokine response in cerebrospinal fluid after birth asphyxia. Pediatr. Res. 43, 746\u2013751 (1998).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3101_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000046146","volume":"23","author":"A Foster-Barber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Foster-Barber, A., Dickens, B. & Ferriero, D. M. Human perinatal asphyxia: correlation of neonatal cytokines with MRI and outcome. Dev. Neurosci. 23, 213\u2013218 (2001).","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"3101_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.11.059","volume":"158","author":"A Leviton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leviton, A. et al. The relationship between early concentrations of 25 blood proteins and cerebral white matter injury in preterm newborns: the ELGAN study. J. Pediatr. 158, 897\u2013903.e1 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"3101_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.20.2677","volume":"290","author":"YW Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu, Y. W. et al. Chorioamnionitis and cerebral palsy in term and near-term infants. JAMA 290, 2677\u20132684 (2003).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3101_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2019.02.016","volume":"95","author":"JJ Volpe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Volpe, J. J. Dysmaturation of premature brain: importance, cellular mechanisms, and potential interventions. Pediatr. Neurol. 95, 42\u201366 (2019).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"3101_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","volume":"541","author":"SA Liddelow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liddelow, S. A. et al. Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature 541, 481\u2013487 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3101_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-190303","volume":"12","author":"JJ Volpe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Volpe, J. J. Microglia: Newly discovered complexity could lead to targeted therapy for neonatal white matter injury and dysmaturation. J. Neonatal Perinat. Med. 12, 239\u2013242 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neonatal Perinat. Med."},{"key":"3101_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2011.02.012","volume":"29","author":"JJ Volpe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Volpe, J. J., Kinney, H. C., Jensen, F. E. & Rosenberg, P. A. The developing oligodendrocyte: key cellular target in brain injury in the premature infant. Int J. Dev. Neurosci. 29, 423\u2013440 (2011).","journal-title":"Int J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"3101_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.13","volume":"11","author":"H Hagberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hagberg, H. et al. The role of inflammation in perinatal brain injury. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 11, 192\u2013208 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"3101_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200111000-00003","volume":"50","author":"JJ Volpe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Volpe, J. J. Neurobiology of periventricular leukomalacia in the premature infant. Pediatr. Res. 50, 553\u2013562 (2001).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res"},{"key":"3101_CR25","first-page":"805","volume":"24","author":"TE Inder","year":"2003","unstructured":"Inder, T. E., Anderson, N. J., Spencer, C., Wells, S. & Volpe, J. J. White matter injury in the premature infant: a comparison between serial cranial sonographic and MR findings at term. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 24, 805\u2013809 (2003).","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"3101_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70294-1","volume":"8","author":"JJ Volpe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Volpe, J. J. Brain injury in premature infants: a complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances. Lancet Neurol. 8, 110\u2013124 (2009).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"3101_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2008.07.011","volume":"35","author":"O Dammann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dammann, O. & O\u2019Shea, T. M. Cytokines and perinatal brain damage. Clin. Perinatol. 35, 643\u2013663 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"3101_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561494","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/561494","volume":"2012","author":"RM McAdams","year":"2012","unstructured":"McAdams, R. M. & Juul, S. E. The role of cytokines and inflammatory cells in perinatal brain injury. Neurol. Res. Int. 2012, 561494 (2012).","journal-title":"Neurol. Res. Int."},{"key":"3101_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1718-6","volume":"134","author":"SA Back","year":"2017","unstructured":"Back, S. A. White matter injury in the preterm infant: pathology and mechanisms. Acta. Neuropathol. 134, 331\u2013349 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta. Neuropathol."},{"key":"3101_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073813513335","volume":"29","author":"KCK Kuban","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuban, K. C. K. et al. Systemic inflammation and cerebral palsy risk in extremely preterm infants. J. Child Neurol. 29, 1692\u20131698 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"3101_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.08.069","volume":"160","author":"TM O\u2019Shea","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Shea, T. M. et al. Elevated concentrations of inflammation-related proteins in postnatal blood predict severe developmental delay at 2 years of age in extremely preterm infants. J. Pediatr. 160, 395\u2013401.e4 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"3101_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.12.012","volume":"29","author":"TM O\u2019Shea","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Shea, T. M. et al. Inflammation-initiating illnesses, inflammation-related proteins, and cognitive impairment in extremely preterm infants. Brain Behav. Immun. 29, 104\u2013112 (2013).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"3101_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.41","volume":"75","author":"TM O\u2019Shea","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Shea, T. M. et al. Elevated blood levels of inflammation-related proteins are associated with an attention problem at age 24 mo in extremely preterm infants. Pediatr. Res. 75, 781\u2013787 (2014).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3101_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.01.043","volume":"87","author":"A Leviton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leviton, A. et al. Early postnatal blood concentrations of inflammation-related proteins and microcephaly two years later in infants born before the 28th post-menstrual week. Early Hum. Dev. 87, 325\u2013330 (2011).","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"3101_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000144819.45689.BB","volume":"56","author":"AI Bartha","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bartha, A. I. et al. Neonatal encephalopathy: association of cytokines with MR spectroscopy and outcome. Pediatr. Res. 56, 960\u2013966 (2004).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3101_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70006-8","volume":"1","author":"ACC Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, A. C. C. et al. National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010. Lancet Glob. Health 1, e26\u2013e36 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"3101_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61848-5","volume":"379","author":"SE Arifeen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arifeen, S. E. et al. The effect of cord cleansing with chlorhexidine on neonatal mortality in rural Bangladesh: a community-based, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 379, 1022\u20131028 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3101_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021201","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.07.021201","volume":"7","author":"AMANHI (Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement","year":"2017","unstructured":"AMANHI (Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement). et al. Development and validation of a simplified algorithm for neonatal gestational age assessment - protocol for the Alliance for Maternal Newborn Health Improvement (AMANHI) prospective cohort study. J. Glob. Health 7, 021201 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"3101_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60932-6","volume":"384","author":"J Villar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Villar, J. et al. International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. Lancet 384, 857\u2013868 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3101_CR40","first-page":"e00280","volume":"2","author":"RN Fichorova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fichorova, R. N. et al. Maternal microbe-specific modulation of inflammatory response in extremely low-gestational-age newborns. MBio 2, e00280\u201310 (2011).","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"3101_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.11.004","volume":"93","author":"A Leviton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leviton, A. et al. Systemic inflammation on postnatal days 21 and 28 and indicators of brain dysfunction 2years later among children born before the 28th week of gestation. Early Hum. Dev. 93, 25\u201332 (2016).","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"3101_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0083","volume":"97","author":"NM Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang, N. M. et al. Early life inflammation and neurodevelopmental outcome in Bangladeshi infants growing up in adversity. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 97, 974\u2013979 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"3101_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-50","volume":"14","author":"NM Jiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jiang, N. M. et al. Febrile illness and pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with lower neurodevelopmental scores in Bangladeshi infants living in poverty. BMC Pediatr. 14, 50 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"3101_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4741","DOI":"10.1021\/ac702628q","volume":"80","author":"RN Fichorova","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fichorova, R. N. et al. Biological and technical variables affecting immunoassay recovery of cytokines from human serum and simulated vaginal fluid: a multicenter study. Anal. Chem. 80, 4741\u20134751 (2008).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"3101_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181fed334","volume":"69","author":"JL Hecht","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hecht, J. L. et al. Relationship between neonatal blood protein concentrations and placenta histologic characteristics in extremely low GA newborns. Pediatr. Res. 69, 68\u201373 (2011).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3101_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.188","volume":"73","author":"A Leviton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leviton, A. et al. Two-hit model of brain damage in the very preterm newborn: small for gestational age and postnatal systemic inflammation. Pediatr. Res. 73, 362\u2013370 (2013).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3101_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3109\/15513815.2012.721477","volume":"32","author":"CR Martin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martin, C. R., Bellomy, M., Allred, E. N., Fichorova, R. N. & Leviton, A. Systemic inflammation associated with severe intestinal injury in extremely low gestational age newborns. Fetal. Pediatr. Pathol. 32, 222\u2013234 (2013).","journal-title":"Fetal. Pediatr. Pathol."},{"key":"3101_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e439","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12339","volume":"102","author":"TF McElrath","year":"2013","unstructured":"McElrath, T. F., Allred, E. N., Van Marter, L., Fichorova, R. N. & Leviton, A., ELGAN Study Investigators. Perinatal systemic inflammatory responses of growth-restricted preterm newborns. Acta Paediatr. 102, e439\u2013e442 (2013).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"3101_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det019","volume":"28","author":"BD Taylor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taylor, B. D. et al. Inflammation biomarkers in vaginal fluid and preterm delivery. Hum. Reprod. 28, 942\u2013952 (2013).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"3101_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.03.018","volume":"210","author":"KCK Kuban","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kuban, K. C. K. et al. Association of Circulating Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Protein Biomarkers in Extremely Preterm Born Children with Subsequent Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volumes and Cognitive Function at Age 10 Years. J. Pediatr. 210, 81\u201390.e3 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"3101_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282906297199","volume":"25","author":"CA Albers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Albers, C. A. & Grieve, A. J. Test Review: Bayley, N. (2006). Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development- Third Edition. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment. J. Psychoeduc. Assess. 25, 180\u2013190 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Psychoeduc. Assess."},{"key":"3101_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.3.381","volume":"74","author":"JD Hamadani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hamadani, J. D. et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of zinc supplementation on the mental development of Bangladeshi infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 74, 381\u2013386 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"3101_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.4.903","volume":"80","author":"MM Black","year":"2004","unstructured":"Black, M. M. et al. Iron and zinc supplementation promote motor development and exploratory behavior among Bangladeshi infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80, 903\u2013910 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"3101_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.10.2645","volume":"136","author":"JD Hamadani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hamadani, J. D., Huda, S. N., Khatun, F. & Grantham-McGregor, S. M. Psychosocial stimulation improves the development of undernourished children in rural Bangladesh. J. Nutr. 136, 2645\u20132652 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"3101_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.165","volume":"66","author":"F Tofail","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tofail, F. et al. The mental development and behavior of low-birth-weight Bangladeshi infants from an urban low-income community. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 66, 237\u2013243 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"3101_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e366","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30535-7","volume":"7","author":"JD Hamadani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamadani, J. D. et al. Integrating an early childhood development programme into Bangladeshi primary health-care services: an open-label, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob. Health 7, e366\u2013e375 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"3101_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886542","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.886542","volume":"10","author":"SF Mehrin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehrin, S. F. et al. Integrating a Group-Based, Early Childhood Parenting Intervention Into Primary Health Care Services in Rural Bangladesh: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Pediatr. 10, 886542 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Pediatr."},{"key":"3101_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023060221G","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-060221G","volume":"151","author":"F Tofail","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tofail, F. et al. An Integrated Mother-Child Intervention on Child Development and Maternal Mental Health. Pediatrics 151, e2023060221G (2023).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"3101_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000264","volume":"33","author":"LL Pendergast","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pendergast, L. L. et al. Assessing development across cultures: Invariance of the Bayley-III Scales Across Seven International MAL-ED sites. Sch. Psychol. Q. 33, 604\u2013614 (2018).","journal-title":"Sch. Psychol. Q."},{"key":"3101_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12864","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12864","volume":"16","author":"B Nahar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nahar, B. et al. Early childhood development and stunting: Findings from the MAL-ED birth cohort study in Bangladesh. Matern. Child Nutr. 16, e12864 (2020).","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"3101_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/80.1.27","volume":"80","author":"D Firth","year":"1993","unstructured":"Firth, D. Bias reduction of maximum likelihood estimates. Biometrika 80, 27\u201338 (1993).","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"3101_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3792","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113792","volume":"13","author":"AC Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, A. C. et al. Maternal diet, infection, and risk of cord blood inflammation in the Bangladesh Projahnmo pregnancy cohort. Nutrients 13, 3792 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"3101_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","volume":"35","author":"M Colonna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colonna, M. & Butovsky, O. Microglia function in the central nervous system during health and neurodegeneration. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 35, 441\u2013468 (2017).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"3101_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318176144d","volume":"64","author":"I Hansen-Pupp","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hansen-Pupp, I. et al. Inflammation at birth is associated with subnormal development in very preterm infants. Pediatr. Res. 64, 183\u2013188 (2008).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3101_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00612","volume":"10","author":"C Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, C., Chen, Y., Zhao, D., Zhang, J. & Zhang, Y. Association between funisitis and childhood intellectual development: A prospective cohort study. Front Neurol. 10, 612 (2019).","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"3101_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7172.1549","volume":"317","author":"N Badawi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Badawi, N. et al. Antepartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy: the Western Australian case-control study. BMJ 317, 1549\u20131553 (1998).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3101_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182a265ab","volume":"122","author":"S McIntyre","year":"2013","unstructured":"McIntyre, S., Blair, E., Badawi, N., Keogh, J. & Nelson, K. B. Antecedents of cerebral palsy and perinatal death in term and late preterm singletons. Obstet. Gynecol. 122, 869\u2013877 (2013).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"3101_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1097","volume":"174","author":"C Sacchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sacchi, C. et al. Association of Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Small for Gestational Age Status With Childhood Cognitive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 174, 772\u2013781 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"3101_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1143","volume":"135","author":"TA Levine","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levine, T. A. et al. Early childhood neurodevelopment after intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review. Pediatrics 135, 126\u2013141 (2015).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"3101_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.11.577","volume":"218","author":"GJ Burton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burton, G. J. & Jauniaux, E. Pathophysiology of placental-derived fetal growth restriction. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 218, S745\u2013S761 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"3101_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu B. A. et al. Effects of fetal growth restriction on the perinatal neurovascular unit and possible treatment targets. Pediatr Res. Published online September 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-023-02805-w (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02805-w"},{"key":"3101_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.26","volume":"71","author":"LR Campbell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Campbell, L. R. et al. Intracerebral lipopolysaccharide induces neuroinflammatory change and augmented brain injury in growth-restricted neonatal rats. Pediatr. Res. 71, 645\u2013652 (2012).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3101_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn137","volume":"131","author":"J Dubois","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dubois, J. et al. Primary cortical folding in the human newborn: an early marker of later functional development. Brain 131, 2028\u20132041 (2008).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3101_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.02.011","volume":"197","author":"GB Samuelsen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Samuelsen, G. B. et al. Severe cell reduction in the future brain cortex in human growth-restricted fetuses and infants. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 197, 56.e1\u20137 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"3101_CR75","volume":"11","author":"MM Ross","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ross, M. M. et al. A randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of maternal dietary supplementation with pomegranate juice on brain injury in infants with IUGR. Sci. Rep. 11, 3569 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"3101_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00530-8","volume":"17","author":"VX Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han, V. X., Patel, S., Jones, H. F. & Dale, R. C. Maternal immune activation and neuroinflammation in human neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 17, 564\u2013579 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"3101_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.12.017","volume":"25","author":"EY Hsiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hsiao, E. Y. & Patterson, P. H. Activation of the maternal immune system induces endocrine changes in the placenta via IL-6. Brain Behav. Immun. 25, 604\u2013615 (2011).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"3101_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.09.011","volume":"25","author":"M Mandal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mandal, M., Marzouk, A. C., Donnelly, R. & Ponzio, N. M. Maternal immune stimulation during pregnancy affects adaptive immunity in offspring to promote development of TH17 cells. Brain Behav. Immun. 25, 863\u2013871 (2011).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"3101_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.11.018","volume":"99","author":"SH Fatemi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fatemi, S. H. et al. Maternal infection leads to abnormal gene regulation and brain atrophy in mouse offspring: implications for genesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Schizophr. Res. 99, 56\u201370 (2008).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"3101_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002042","volume":"13","author":"U Meyer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meyer, U. et al. Adult behavioral and pharmacological dysfunctions following disruption of the fetal brain balance between pro-inflammatory and IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling. Mol. Psychiatry 13, 208\u2013221 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"3101_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4752","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0099-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"U Meyer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meyer, U. et al. The time of prenatal immune challenge determines the specificity of inflammation-mediated brain and behavioral pathology. J. Neurosci. 26, 4752\u20134762 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3101_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.008","volume":"31","author":"PA Garay","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garay, P. A., Hsiao, E. Y., Patterson, P. H. & McAllister, A. K. Maternal immune activation causes age- and region-specific changes in brain cytokines in offspring throughout development. Brain Behav. Immun. 31, 54\u201368 (2013).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"3101_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12323","volume":"73","author":"I Le Ray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le Ray, I. et al. Changes in maternal blood inflammatory markers as a predictor of chorioamnionitis: a prospective multicenter study. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 73, 79\u201390 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"3101_CR84","first-page":"77","volume":"44","author":"R Romero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Romero, R. et al. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term IV: the maternal plasma cytokine profile. J. Perinat. Med. 44, 77\u201398 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"3101_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000182596.66175.ee","volume":"59","author":"T Kaukola","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kaukola, T. et al. Population cohort associating chorioamnionitis, cord inflammatory cytokines and neurologic outcome in very preterm, extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatr. Res 59, 478\u2013483 (2006).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res"},{"key":"3101_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.01.011","volume":"26","author":"NV Malkova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Malkova, N. V., Yu, C. Z., Hsiao, E. Y., Moore, M. J. & Patterson, P. H. Maternal immune activation yields offspring displaying mouse versions of the three core symptoms of autism. Brain Behav. Immun. 26, 607\u2013616 (2012).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"3101_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.12.016","volume":"204","author":"PH Patterson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patterson, P. H. Immune involvement in schizophrenia and autism: etiology, pathology and animal models. Behav. Brain Res. 204, 313\u2013321 (2009).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"3101_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.05.027","volume":"83","author":"AM Graham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Graham, A. M. et al. Maternal Systemic Interleukin-6 During Pregnancy Is Associated With Newborn Amygdala Phenotypes and Subsequent Behavior at 2 Years of Age. Biol. Psychiatry 83, 109\u2013119 (2018).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"3101_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0128-y","volume":"21","author":"MD Rudolph","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rudolph, M. D. et al. Maternal IL-6 during pregnancy can be estimated from newborn brain connectivity and predicts future working memory in offspring. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 765\u2013772 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"3101_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2272-17.2018","volume":"38","author":"MN Spann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spann, M. N., Monk, C., Scheinost, D. & Peterson, B. S. Maternal Immune Activation During the Third Trimester Is Associated with Neonatal Functional Connectivity of the Salience Network and Fetal to Toddler Behavior. J. Neurosci. 38, 2877\u20132886 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3101_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200004000-00054","volume":"28","author":"ER Sherwood","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sherwood, E. R. & Prough, D. S. Interleukin-8, neuroinflammation, and secondary brain injury. Crit. Care Med. 28, 1221\u20131223 (2000).","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"3101_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2009.1094.1097","volume":"12","author":"N Najati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Najati, N., Rafeey, M. & Melekian, T. Comparison of umbilical cord interlukin-8 in low birth weight infants with premature rupture of membranes and intact membranes. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 12, 1094\u20131097 (2009).","journal-title":"Pak. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"3101_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.05.042","volume":"159","author":"WA Carlo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carlo, W. A. et al. Cytokines and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. J. Pediatr. 159, 919\u201325.e3 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"3101_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2021.101041","volume":"53","author":"AM Bach","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bach, A. M. et al. Systemic inflammation during the first year of life is associated with brain functional connectivity and future cognitive outcomes. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 53, 101041 (2022).","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"3101_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010","volume":"1","author":"KJ Rothman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rothman, K. J. No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology 1, 43\u201346 (1990).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"3101_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2014.10.005","volume":"52","author":"KCK Kuban","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuban, K. C. K. et al. The breadth and type of systemic inflammation and the risk of adverse neurological outcomes in extremely low gestation newborns. Pediatr. Neurol. 52, 42\u201348 (2015).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"3101_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0010722","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010722","volume":"16","author":"ET Rogawski McQuade","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rogawski McQuade, E. T. et al. Impact of Shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: Findings from three birth cohorts over eight years. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 16, e0010722 (2022).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-024-03101-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-024-03101-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-024-03101-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T15:37:02Z","timestamp":1737992222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-024-03101-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-024-03101-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}