{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:26:01Z","timestamp":1792632361054,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To examine the relationship between etiologically-based preterm birth sub-groups and early postnatal growth according to gestational age at birth.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Prospective, multinational, cohort study involving 15 hospitals that monitored preterm newborns to hospital discharge. Measures\/exposures: maternal demographics; etiologically-based preterm birth sub-groups; very, moderate and late preterm categories, and feeding. Primary outcomes: serial anthropometric measures expressed as <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-scores of the INTERGROWTH-21<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> preterm postnatal growth standards.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We included 2320 singletons and 1180 twins: very=24.4% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009856, including 178\u2009&lt;\u200928 weeks\u2019 gestation); moderate=16.9% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009592) and late preterm=58.6% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092052). The median (interquartile range) postmenstrual age at the last measure was 37 (36\u201338) weeks. The \u2018no main condition\u2019 sub-group percentage increased from early to late preterm; the \u2018perinatal sepsis\u2019 sub-group percentage decreased. \u2018Perinatal sepsis\u2019, \u2018suspected IUGR\u2019 and \u2018fetal distress\u2019 very and late preterm infants had lower postnatal growth patterns than the \u2018no main condition\u2019 reference sub-group. This pattern persisted in late but not very preterm infants when postnatal growth was corrected for weight <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-score at birth.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The proportional contribution of etiologically-based preterm sub-groups and their postnatal growth trajectories vary by preterm category. Postnatal growth is partially independent of fetal growth in the majority of preterm infants (i.e., those born late preterm).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Preterm birth, the leading cause of under-5 mortality, is a highly heterogenous syndrome, with surviving infants at risk of suboptimal growth, morbidity, and impaired neurodevelopment.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Both the proportional contribution of etiologically-based sub-groups and their postnatal growth trajectories vary by preterm category (very\/moderate\/late).<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>The \u2018perinatal sepsis\u2019, \u2018suspected IUGR\u2019 and \u2018fetal distress\u2019 sub-groups amongst very and late preterm infants had lower postnatal growth than the \u2018no main condition\u2019 preterm infants. The pattern persisted after adjusting for birth size only in the late preterms.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Postnatal growth is partially independent of fetal growth in the majority of preterm infants (i.e., those born late preterm).<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03735-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T05:08:45Z","timestamp":1732770525000},"page":"241-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Postnatal growth of etiologically characterized preterm newborns according to gestational age at 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The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, NIHR, Department of Health or any of the other funders. ATP is a Senior Advisor of Intelligent Ultrasound. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All parents provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent Statement"}}]}}