{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T22:20:30Z","timestamp":1782166830730,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR) first developed recommendations for a Neonatology specific European training curriculum in 1998, with updates in 2007 and 2021. The aim of these recommendations was to define a common, European standard of training for national educational programmes for Neonatologists. Following the Union of European Medical Specialists\u2019 (UEMS) framework of European Training Requirements (ETR), and similar to the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) recommendations, graduates of training programmes conforming to the ETR will be eligible throughout Europe for recognition of equality of training, and with that should be enabled to freedom-of-movement. This concept also accounts for neonatal specialists. We therefore present the pan-European work on the ETR Neonatology in its third iteration (ETR III), summarising the basic requirements for contemporary training programmes, trainers, and training centres in neonatology. We highlight the European School of Neonatology (ESN) as a comprehensive online educational platform which provides the theoretical and practical background to satisfy the ETR-III. Lastly, we introduce the European Board of Neonatal &amp; Child Health Research (EBNCHR) as a committee dedicated to gaining acceptance for the concept of harmonising education and training in Neonatology and recognising Neonatology as a Paediatric subspecialty in every European Union member state.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Neonatology currently is not uniformly recognised as a Paediatric subspecialty throughout the 27 European countries. Hence, training in Neonatology formerly followed no commonly agreed standard throughout the European Union (EU).<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>To ensure a minimum standard of care, an agreed minimum standard of training is required. The European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR) has led on generating an EU-accredited, pan-European Syllabus for Neonatal training in Europe, the European Training Requirements (ETR) in Neonatology (2021).<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>This article presents the ETR Neonatology from commissioning to accreditation and discusses means of how high-grade post-graduate education, aligned with the ETR can be achieved by practitioners.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-03840-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T13:02:51Z","timestamp":1738328571000},"page":"848-852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["European training requirements in Neonatology 2021\u2014towards a unified training standard for Neonatologists"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Charles C.","family":"Roehr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Wellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szczapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Fentsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"H\u00fcppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Baud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Alarcon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem P.","family":"de Boode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Danhaive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximo","family":"Vento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"On behalf of the European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR), the European Board of Neonatal & Child Health Research (EBNCHR) and the European School of Neonatology (ESN)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"3840_CR1","unstructured":"Shaffer, A. J. Diseases of the Newborn (WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1960)."},{"key":"3840_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000151693.46655.66","volume":"58","author":"AG Philip","year":"2005","unstructured":"Philip, A. G. The evolution of neonatology. Pediatr. Res. 58, 799\u2013815 (2005).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3840_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.11.051","volume":"207","author":"S Dahan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dahan, S. et al. Beyond a seat at the table: the added value of family stakeholders to improve care, research, and education in neonatology. J. Pediatr. 207, 123\u2013129 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"3840_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0677-100","volume":"236","author":"WA Silverman","year":"1977","unstructured":"Silverman, W. A. The lesson of retrolental fibroplasia. Sci. Am. 236, 100\u2013107 (1977).","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"3840_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02427-8","volume":"96","author":"AA Chakkarapani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chakkarapani, A. A., Roehr, C. C., Hooper, S. B., Te Pas, A. B. & Gupta, S. ESPR Neonatal Resuscitation section writing group. Transitional circulation and hemodynamic monitoring in newborn infants. Pediatr. Res. 96, 595\u2013603 (2023).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3840_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2015.09.001","volume":"20","author":"J Profit","year":"2015","unstructured":"Profit, J. & Soll, R. F. Neonatal networks: clinical research and quality improvement. Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med. 20, 410\u2013415 (2015).","journal-title":"Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"3840_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2023.04.008","volume":"50","author":"S Riddle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Riddle, S. & Karpen, H. Special populations-surgical infants. Clin. Perinatol. 50, 715\u2013728 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"3840_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000496214","volume":"116","author":"RF Soll","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soll, R. F. & McGuire, W. Evidence-based practice: improving the quality of perinatal care. Neonatology 116, 193\u2013198 (2019).","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"3840_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309584","volume":"102","author":"JV Gill","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gill, J. V. & Boyle, E. M. Outcomes of infants born near term. Arch. Dis. Child 102, 194\u2013198 (2017).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"key":"3840_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e055924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-055924","volume":"376","author":"AS Morgan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morgan, A. S., Mendon\u00e7a, M., Thiele, N. & David, A. L. Management and outcomes of extreme preterm birth. BMJ 376, e055924 (2022).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3840_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Batey, N. et al. European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR) Neonatal Resuscitation Section Writing Group. The newborn delivery room of tomorrow: emerging and future technologies. Pediatr. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-022-01988-y (2022).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-01988-y"},{"key":"3840_CR12","unstructured":"British Association of Perinatal Medicine [Internet]. Enhancing Shared Decision Making in Neonatal Care: a Framework for Practice. Version 2; 2019 Oct 23 [cited 2023 Oct 17]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bapm.org\/resources\/158-enhancing-shared-decision-making-in-neonatal-care"},{"key":"3840_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-310873","volume":"102","author":"P Sidgwick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sidgwick, P., Harrop, E., Kelly, B., Todorovic, A. & Wilkinson, D. Fifteen-minute consultation: perinatal palliative care. Arch. Dis. Child Educ. Pract. Ed 102, 114\u2013116 (2017).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Educ. Pract. Ed"},{"key":"3840_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2020.151239","volume":"44","author":"JM Enciso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Enciso, J. M. Teaching culturally competent healthcare in neonatal-perinatal medicine. Semin. Perinatol. 44, 151239 (2020).","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"3840_CR15","unstructured":"British Association of Perinatal Medicine: Optimal arrangements for Local Neonatal Units and Special Care Units in the UK (2018) - A BAPM Framework for Practice. Version 2. 1st November 2018: https:\/\/hubble-live-assets.s3.amazonaws.com\/bapm\/attachment\/file\/10\/LNU_doc_Nov_2018.pdf"},{"key":"3840_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7263.727","volume":"321","author":"J Parmanum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parmanum, J., Field, D., Rennie, J. & Steer, P. National census of availability of neonatal intensive care. British Association for Perinatal Medicine. BMJ 321, 727\u2013729 (2000).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3840_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1624\/105812409X461243","volume":"18","author":"AM Romano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Romano, A. M. First, do no harm: how routine interventions, common restrictions, and the organization of our health-care system affect the health of mothers and newborns. J. Perinat. Educ 18, 58\u201362 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Educ"},{"key":"3840_CR18","unstructured":"WHO Survice and Thrive: Transforming care for small and sick newborn. 2019, accessed last on October 19th 2024 via: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/276655\/WHO-FWC-MCA-18.11-eng.pdf"},{"key":"3840_CR19","unstructured":"The British Association of Perinatal Medicine Service and Quality Standards for Provision of Neonatal Care in the UK (Nov. 2022) last accessed 19th Oct 2024 via https:\/\/www.bapm.org\/resources\/service-andquality-standards-for-provision-of-neonatal-care-in-the-uk"},{"key":"3840_CR20","unstructured":"European Union, Council Directive 93\/16\/EEC (1993). To facilitate the free movement of doctors and the mutual recognition of their diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications. Official J L 165(07\/07):1\u201324."},{"key":"3840_CR21","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.uems.eu\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0016\/44440\/UEMS-2015.30-European-Training-Requirements-in-Paediatrics.pdf (2023)."},{"key":"3840_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02072619","volume":"150","author":"G Van den Berghe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van den Berghe, G. Paediatric training in the European community. Confederation of European Specialists in Paediatrics (CESP). Eur. J. Pediatr. 150, 619\u2013622 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"3840_CR23","unstructured":"UEMS [Internet]. European Standards of Postgraduate Medical Specialist Training. Training Requirements for the Specialty of Paediatrics, accessed 1 November 2023. https:\/\/www.uems.eu\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0016\/44440\/UEMS-2015.30-European-Training-Requirements-in-Paediatrics.pdf."},{"key":"3840_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(97)00196-6","volume":"75","author":"M Obladen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Obladen, M. Neonatology in Europe Training, accreditation, and research. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 75, 75\u201380 (1997).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"3840_CR25","unstructured":"The European training syllabus in Neonatology (1998 & 2007): [accessed 16 August 2023]. https:\/\/www.espr.eu\/activities-projects\/etr_neonatology.php."},{"key":"3840_CR26","unstructured":"The European Society for Paediatric Research\u2014Section on Neonatology [Internet]. European Requirements for Training in Neonatology; 2020 Oct 22 [cited 2023 Oct 21]; Available from: https:\/\/www.espr.eu\/_download\/EuropeanTrainingRequirementsNeonatology-EBPapprovedv2021.pdf?m=1619537386&"},{"key":"3840_CR27","unstructured":"European Standards of Care for Newborn Health, last accessed 19th Oct 2024 via https:\/\/newborn-healthstandards.org\/standards\/"},{"key":"3840_CR28","unstructured":"The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (UK). Neonatal Medicine - sub specialty, last accessed 19th Oct 2024 via https:\/\/www.rcpch.ac.uk\/education-careers\/apply-paediatrics\/sub-specialties\/neonatal-medicine (accessed 2023 Nov 1)."},{"key":"3840_CR29","unstructured":"European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP) document \"European Training Requirements in Neonatology\", last accessed 19th oct 2024 via https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1NcyhPB333IHZDRjh0AILzxzRF65JMYzf\/view (accessed 1 November 2023)."},{"key":"3840_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roehr C. C. et al. European Training Requirements in Neonatology 2021 \u2013 The ESPR, EAP and UEMPS Accredited European Syllabus for Neonatal Training. Neonatology 121, 519\u2013526 (2023).","DOI":"10.1159\/000536247"},{"key":"3840_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6065","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe6065","volume":"81","author":"AM Persky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Persky, A. M. & Robinson, J. D. Moving from novice to expertise and its implications for instruction. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 81, 6065 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pharm. Educ."},{"key":"3840_CR32","first-page":"206","volume":"29","author":"JR Frank","year":"1996","unstructured":"Frank, J. R. et al. Skills for the new millenium: report of the societal needs working group, CanMEDS 2000 Project. Ann. R. College Physicians Surg. Canada 29, 206\u2013216 (1996).","journal-title":"Ann. R. College Physicians Surg. Canada"},{"key":"3840_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2017.144","volume":"37","author":"TA Parker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parker, T. A., Guiton, G. & Jones, M. D. Jr Choosing entrustable professional activities for neonatology: a Delphi study. J. Perinatol. 37, 1335\u20131340 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"3840_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002743","volume":"94","author":"E Van Melle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Melle, E. et al. A core components framework for evaluating implementation of competency-based medical education programs. Acad. Med. 94, 1002\u20131009 (2019).","journal-title":"Acad. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"3840_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000342932","volume":"103","author":"M Breindahl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Breindahl, M. et al. The European Society for Neonatology (ESN). The European database for subspecialist training in neonatology - transparency achieved. Neonatology 103, 74\u201382 (2013).","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"3840_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01311-7","volume":"89","author":"ML Macy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Macy, M. L. et al. Growth and changes in the pediatric medical subspecialty workforce pipeline. Pediatr. Res. 89, 1297\u20131303 (2021).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3840_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4242","volume":"137","author":"GL Freed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Freed, G. L., Moran, L. M., Van, K. D. & Leslie, L. K. Research Advisory Committee of the American Board of Pediatrics. Current Workforce of General Pediatricians in the United States. Pediatrics 137, e20154242 (2016).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"3840_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-022-01315-7","volume":"42","author":"JM Trzaski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trzaski, J. M., Kiefer, A. S., Myers, P., ONTPD Fellowship Directors Writing Group & Johnston, L. C. Essentials of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellowship: careers in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. J. Perinatol. 42, 1135\u20131140 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"3840_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2011.312","volume":"70","author":"M Hall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hall, M. & Smith, S. Online education and continuing professional development for neonatology. Pediatr. Res. 70(Suppl 5), 87 (2011).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"3840_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899160","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.899160","volume":"10","author":"S Wellmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wellmann, S. et al. Opinion Paper: rationale for supra-national training in neonatology. Front. Pediatr. 10, 899160 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"3840_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03182-8","volume":"96","author":"D Santoro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santoro, D. et al. Meeting the need for effective and standardized training and education in neonatal medicine: the European School of Neonatology Master of Advanced Studies Curriculum. Pediatr. Res. 96, 1195\u20131200 (2024).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-03840-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-03840-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-03840-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T08:11:50Z","timestamp":1759911110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-03840-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-025-03840-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All co-authors have given their consent to the final publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}