{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T20:39:13Z","timestamp":1768595953464,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recognizing which premature infants are at higher risk of developing BPD\/death is a challenge in neonatology. The aims of our study are to identify mitochondrial haplogroups and quantify circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) levels in very preterm infants at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death and explore the relationship between these variables and the development of BPD\/death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-center prospective cohort study including preterm infants of \u226432 weeks gestational age (GA) and birth weight \u22641500\u2009g. Clinical variables, mitochondrial haplogroups, and ccf-mtDNA levels were determined. Subsequently, diagnosis and staging of BPD\/death were performed, and groups were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The population consisted of 107 newborns (mean GA 28.73\u2009\u00b1\u20092 weeks; mean birth weight 1,121\u2009\u00b1\u2009332\u2009g). A total of 44 patients (41.1%) presented the outcome of BPD\/death without differences in haplogroup distribution and ccf-mtDNA levels between those who survived without BPD (controls). Variables independently associated with BPD\/death included GA (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; OR\u2009=\u20090.36 [95%CI 0.23\u20130.5]), birth weight (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; OR\u2009=\u20090.99 [95%CI 0.99\u20130.99]), maximum FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      in the delivery room (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001; OR\u2009=\u20091.07 [95%CI 1.03\u20131.12]), hours on mechanical ventilation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02; OR 1.02 [95%CI 1.00\u20131.02]), and postnatal corticosteroids (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; OR\u2009=\u200947.12 [95%CI\u2009=\u20095.98\u2013371.1]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to characterize mtDNA haplogroups and ccf-mtDNA in very preterm infants at risk of BPD\/death. None of the mitochondrial variables studied were associated with BPD\/death. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of mtDNA in BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Despite advances in perinatal care, bronchopulmonary dysplasia continues to be the most common chronic pulmonary morbidity associated with prematurity.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Prediction of BPD in early stages is crucial to improve BPD rates, but this remains a major challenge in neonatal units.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Given that mitochondria play an important role in the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, we aimed to explore the relationship between mitochondrial haplogroups, circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA levels, and BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This is the first work carried out in very preterm infants where mitochondrial haplogroups and the levels ccf-mtDNA are investigated with the intention of discovering a new biomarker for BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-04052-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T07:38:06Z","timestamp":1744875486000},"page":"2292-2299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA as biomarkers of bronchopulmonary dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Sara Mar\u00eda","family":"Fernandez-Gonzalez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sucasas-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanesa","family":"Balboa-Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Rego-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Avila-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4052_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0127-7","volume":"5","author":"B Th\u00e9baud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Th\u00e9baud, B. et al. 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