{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:36:43Z","timestamp":1792697803610,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-04067-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T09:26:01Z","timestamp":1746523561000},"page":"2319-2327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association of patent ductus arteriosus duration with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mortality: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Bonafiglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Garzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Forte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariachiara","family":"Bosco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Ciuffreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Cristofaletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stiljan","family":"Hoxha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renzo","family":"Beghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Uccella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Gottin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Battista","family":"Luciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariela","family":"Ventola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6056-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamim","family":"Ficial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4067_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2023.151718","volume":"47","author":"RI Clyman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Clyman, R. I. & Hills, N. K. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (Pda) and pulmonary morbidity: can early targeted pharmacologic Pda treatment decrease the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia?. Semin Perinatol. 47, 151718 (2023).","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol."},{"key":"4067_CR2","first-page":"184","volume":"40","author":"S Dollberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dollberg, S., Lusky, A. & Reichman, B. Patent ductus arteriosus, indomethacin and necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants: a population-based study. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 40, 184\u2013188 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"4067_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F505","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-303816","volume":"98","author":"A Sellmer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sellmer, A. et al. Morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus on day 3. Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 98, F505\u2013F510 (2013).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"4067_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0987","volume":"169","author":"A Jain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jain, A. & Shah, P. S. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates. JAMA Pediatr. 169, 863\u2013872 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"4067_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.025784","volume":"11","author":"CH Backes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Backes, C. H. et al. Patent ductus arteriosus: a contemporary perspective for the pediatric and adult cardiac care provider. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 11, e025784 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"4067_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04441-8","volume":"181","author":"T Hundscheid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hundscheid, T., El-Khuffash, A., McNamara, P. J. & de Boode, W. P. Survey highlighting the lack of consensus on diagnosis and treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in prematurity. Eur. J. Pediatr. 181, 2459\u20132468 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"4067_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-020-0773-0","volume":"46","author":"B Ficial","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ficial, B. et al. Survey of Pda management in very low birth weight infants across Italy. Ital. J. Pediatr. 46, 22 (2020).","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"4067_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.626262","volume":"9","author":"EJS Jansen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jansen, E. J. S. et al. Factors associated with benefit of treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr. 9, 626262 (2021).","journal-title":"Front Pediatr."},{"key":"4067_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.3","volume":"30","author":"WE Benitz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Benitz, W. E. Treatment of persistent patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: time to accept the null hypothesis?. J. Perinatol. 30, 241\u2013252 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"4067_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2305582","volume":"390","author":"S Gupta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gupta, S. et al. Trial of selective early treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with ibuprofen. N. Engl. J. Med. 390, 314\u2013325 (2024).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4067_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207418","volume":"388","author":"T Hundscheid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hundscheid, T. et al. Expectant management or early ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus. N. Engl. J. Med. 388, 980\u2013990 (2023).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4067_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02468.x","volume":"101","author":"I Zonnenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zonnenberg, I. & de Waal, K. The definition of a haemodynamic significant duct in randomized controlled trials: a systematic literature review. Acta Paediatr. 101, 247\u2013251 (2012).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"4067_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2012.104","volume":"33","author":"PJ McNamara","year":"2013","unstructured":"McNamara, P. J. & Jain, A. Patent ductus arteriosus treatment in preterm infants-time to consider shunt volume?. J. Perinatol. 33, 248\u2013249 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"4067_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.028","volume":"167","author":"A El-Khuffash","year":"2015","unstructured":"El-Khuffash, A. et al. A patent ductus arteriosus severity score predicts chronic lung disease or death before discharge. J. Pediatr. 167, 1354\u20131361.e1352 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"4067_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.06.045","volume":"202","author":"F de Freitas Martins","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Freitas Martins, F. et al. Relationship of patent ductus arteriosus size to echocardiographic markers of shunt volume. J. Pediatr. 202, 50\u201355.e53 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"4067_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.03.012","volume":"166","author":"F Schena","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schena, F. et al. Association between hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J. Pediatr. 166, 1488\u20131492 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"4067_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0496-5","volume":"39","author":"H Mirza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mirza, H. et al. Duration of significant patent ductus arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants. J. Perinatol. 39, 1648\u20131655 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"4067_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04549-x","volume":"181","author":"Y Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng, Y. et al. Impact of patent ductus arteriosus shunt size and duration on risk of death or severe respiratory morbidity in preterm infants born in China. Eur. J. Pediatr. 181, 3131\u20133140 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"4067_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0077-x","volume":"84","author":"D van Laere","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Laere, D. et al. Application of Npe in the assessment of a patent ductus arteriosus. Pediatr. Res. 84, 46\u201356 (2018).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res"},{"key":"4067_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060","volume":"163","author":"AH Jobe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jobe, A. H. & Bancalari, E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med 163, 1723\u20131729 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"4067_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0","volume":"92","author":"LA Papile","year":"1978","unstructured":"Papile, L. A., Burstein, J., Burstein, R. & Koffler, H. Incidence and Evolution of Subependymal and Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Study of Infants with Birth Weights Less Than 1,500 Gm. J. Pediatr. 92, 529\u2013534 (1978).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"4067_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001","volume":"187","author":"MJ Bell","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bell, M. J. et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann. Surg. 187, 1\u20137 (1978).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"4067_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2023.11.015","volume":"37","author":"L Lopez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lopez, L. et al. Guidelines for performing a comprehensive pediatric transthoracic echocardiogram: recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 37, 119\u2013170 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"4067_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15808","volume":"41","author":"B Ficial","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ficial, B. et al. Impact of aortic diameter measurements at three anatomical landmarks on left ventricular output calculation in neonates. J. Ultrasound Med. 41, 1187\u20131194 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"4067_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975380","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2022.975380","volume":"2","author":"NA Schuster","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schuster, N. A., Rijnhart, J. J. M., Twisk, J. W. R. & Heymans, M. W. Modeling non-linear relationships in epidemiological data: the application and interpretation of spline models. Front Epidemiol. 2, 975380 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Epidemiol."},{"key":"4067_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F424","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.118117","volume":"92","author":"PJ McNamara","year":"2007","unstructured":"McNamara, P. J. & Sehgal, A. Towards rational management of the patent ductus arteriosus: the need for disease staging. Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 92, F424\u2013F427 (2007).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"4067_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02342-4","volume":"24","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Vascular and pulmonary effects of ibuprofen on neonatal lung development. Respir. Res. 24, 39 (2023).","journal-title":"Respir. Res"},{"key":"4067_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2927","volume":"26","author":"KM Broadhouse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Broadhouse, K. M. et al. Assessment of Pda shunt and systemic blood flow in newborns using cardiac Mri. NMR Biomed. 26, 1135\u20131141 (2013).","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"4067_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-01002-z","volume":"41","author":"N Bussmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bussmann, N. et al. Patent ductus arteriosus shunt elimination results in a reduction in adverse outcomes: a post Hoc analysis of the Pda Rct Cohort. J. Perinatol. 41, 1134\u20131141 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"4067_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2051","volume":"121","author":"D McCurnin","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCurnin, D. et al. Ibuprofen-induced patent ductus arteriosus closure: physiologic, histologic, and biochemical effects on the premature lung. Pediatrics 121, 945\u2013956 (2008).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4067_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113532","volume":"261","author":"MB Liguori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liguori, M. B. et al. Patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants: clinical trials and equipoise. J. Pediatr. 261, 113532 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"4067_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207418","volume":"388","author":"T Hundscheid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hundscheid, T., de Boode, W. P. & Investigators, B. T. Expectant management or early ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus. reply. N. Engl. J. Med. 388, 1917\u20131918 (2023).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"4067_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2348OC","volume":"200","author":"EA Jensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jensen, E. A. et al. The diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants. An evidence-based approach. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 200, 751\u2013759 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04067-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04067-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04067-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T08:36:01Z","timestamp":1768552561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04067-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-025-04067-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Research Ethics committee of the University Hospital of Verona, no. 2132CESC. The parents or guardians of babies enrolled gave their written informed consent. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/ or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}