{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:34:23Z","timestamp":1790048063504,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a painful intestinal disease in preterm infants that causes severe prolonged pain requiring high amounts of analgesics. In a critical stage of neurodevelopment, pain and analgesics potentially impact sensory development. This study compared somatosensory function and sensory processing in preterm-born children with and without a history of NEC, as well as key self-\/parent-reported outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional cohort study, preterm-born children (6\u201315 years old) with NEC were matched with controls. Each child underwent quantitative sensory testing in a mobile research lab at home. Parents completed questionnaires on their child\u2019s sensory processing, behavior, executive function, chronic pain, and (health-related) quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-six children (22 NEC, 44 control) participated. Children with a history of NEC exhibited lower cold pain thresholds (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u221211\u2009\u00b0C, 95% CI [-21;\u22121.0],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) compared to those without NEC. Moreover, they exhibited poorer executive function, though no longer significant after correcting for confounders. No significant differences were found in sensory processing, behavioral problems, chronic pain, and (health-related) quality of life.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with a history of NEC are less sensitive to cold pain, but have otherwise similar somatosensory function and sensory processing to other preterm-born children. Most self- and parent-reported outcomes are comparable to those of other preterm-born children without NEC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants lastingly alters their (cold) pain sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Most self- and parent-reported outcomes of children with a history of NEC are similar to those of other preterm-born children.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Sensory processing and behavioral problems are common among both preterm-born children with and without NEC history.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Our results warrant the search for protective strategies during NICU admission and thorough follow-up after NICU discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-04348-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T11:18:35Z","timestamp":1756207115000},"page":"1113-1121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-term impact of necrotizing enterocolitis on somatosensory function in preterm born children"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3602-2848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith A.","family":"ten Barge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijn J.","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia M. G.","family":"Keyzer-Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke","family":"Bouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecile C.","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irwin K. M.","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinno H. P.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerbrich E.","family":"van den Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"4348_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02231-5","volume":"20","author":"A Alsaied","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alsaied, A., Islam, N. & Thalib, L. Global incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr. 20, 344 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"4348_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts, A. G., Younge, N. & Greenberg, R. G. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: an update on pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention. Paediatr. Drugs 26, 259\u2013275 (2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-024-00626-w"},{"key":"4348_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imren, C. et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis in a Dutch cohort of very preterm infants: prevalence, mortality, and long-term outcomes. Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg. 32, 111\u2013119 (2022).","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1741544"},{"key":"4348_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000445284","volume":"110","author":"NJ Meesters","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meesters, N. J. et al. Infants operated on for necrotizing enterocolitis: towards evidence-based pain guidelines. Neonatology 110, 190\u2013197 (2016).","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"4348_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-01968-2","volume":"92","author":"JA Ten Barge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ten Barge, J. A., Vermeulen, M. J., Simons, S. H. P. & van den Bosch, G. E. Pain management for necrotizing enterocolitis: getting the balance right. Pediatr. Res. 92, 1423\u20131431 (2022).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"4348_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5879","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170926150259","volume":"23","author":"GE van den Bosch","year":"2017","unstructured":"van den Bosch, G. E., Dijk, M. V., Tibboel, D. & de Graaff, J. C. Long-term effects of early exposure to stress, pain, opioids and anaesthetics on pain sensitivity and neurocognition. Curr. Pharm. Des. 23, 5879\u20135886 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"4348_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.02.007","volume":"153","author":"J Vinall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vinall, J. et al. Neonatal pain in relation to postnatal growth in infants born very preterm. Pain 153, 1374\u20131381 (2012).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.05.050","volume":"154","author":"J Vinall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vinall, J., Miller, S. P., Synnes, A. R. & Grunau, R. E. Parent behaviors moderate the relationship between neonatal pain and internalizing behaviors at 18 months corrected age in children born very prematurely. Pain 154, 1831\u20131839 (2013).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.02.014","volume":"143","author":"RE Grunau","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grunau, R. E. et al. Neonatal pain, parenting stress and interaction, in relation to cognitive and motor development at 8 and 18 months in preterm infants. Pain 143, 138\u2013146 (2009).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76702","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076702","volume":"8","author":"M Ranger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ranger, M. et al. Neonatal pain-related stress predicts cortical thickness at age 7 years in children born very preterm. PLoS ONE 8, e76702 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4348_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.055","volume":"167","author":"M Ranger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ranger, M. et al. Neonatal pain and infection relate to smaller cerebellum in very preterm children at school age. J. Pediatr. 167, 292\u2013298 e291 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"4348_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22079","volume":"63","author":"MA McLean","year":"2021","unstructured":"McLean, M. A. et al. Sensory processing and cortisol at age 4 years: procedural pain-related stress in children born very preterm. Dev. Psychobiol. 63, 915\u2013930 (2021).","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"4348_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.10.012","volume":"141","author":"SM Walker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Walker, S. M. et al. Long-term impact of neonatal intensive care and surgery on somatosensory perception in children born extremely preterm. Pain 141, 79\u201387 (2009).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.03.035","volume":"121","author":"SM Walker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Walker, S. M. et al. Somatosensory function and pain in extremely preterm young adults from the Uk epicure cohort: sex-dependent differences and impact of neonatal surgery. Br. J. Anaesth. 121, 623\u2013635 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"4348_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.08.026","volume":"125","author":"C Hermann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hermann, C., Hohmeister, J., Demirak\u00e7a, S., Zohsel, K. & Flor, H. Long-term alteration of pain sensitivity in school-aged children with early pain experiences. Pain 125, 278\u2013285 (2006).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2022.105617","volume":"170","author":"EG Duerden","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duerden, E. G. et al. Neonatal pain, thalamic development and sensory processing behaviour in children born very preterm. Early Hum. Dev. 170, 105617 (2022).","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"4348_CR17","unstructured":"Anand, K. J. S., Stevens, B. J. & McGrath, P. J. Pain in Neonates and Infants: Pain Research and Clinical Management Series, 10 (Elsevier Health Sciences, 2007)."},{"key":"4348_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.25.5.339","volume":"25","author":"S Gibbins","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gibbins, S. et al. Pain assessment and pharmacologic management for infants with nec: a retrospective chart audit. Neonatal Netw. 25, 339\u2013345 (2006).","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw."},{"key":"4348_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-322711","volume":"107","author":"M Jaworski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jaworski, M. et al. Parental perspective on important health outcomes of extremely preterm infants. Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 107, 495\u2013500 (2022).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"4348_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001","volume":"187","author":"MJ Bell","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bell, M. J. et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann. Surg. 187, 1\u20137 (1978).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"4348_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.01.011","volume":"149","author":"M Blankenburg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blankenburg, M. et al. Reference values for quantitative sensory testing in children and adolescents: developmental and gender differences of somatosensory perception. Pain 149, 76\u201388 (2010).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.01.041","volume":"123","author":"R Rolke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rolke, R. et al. Quantitative sensory testing in the german research network on neuropathic pain (Dfns): standardized protocol and reference values. Pain 123, 231\u2013243 (2006).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-017-0827-7","volume":"17","author":"GE van den Bosch","year":"2017","unstructured":"van den Bosch, G. E., van Dijk, M., Tibboel, D. & Valkenburg, A. J. Thermal quantitative sensory testing in healthy Dutch children and adolescents standardized test paradigm and dutch reference values. BMC Pediatr. 17, 77 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"4348_CR24","first-page":"59","volume":"61","author":"DN McIntosh","year":"1999","unstructured":"McIntosh, D. N., Miller, L. J., Shyu, V. & Dunn, W. Development and validation of the short sensory profile. Sens. Profile Man. 61, 59\u201373 (1999).","journal-title":"Sens. Profile Man."},{"key":"4348_CR25","first-page":"371","volume":"7","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"1991","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M. & Edelbrock, C. Child behavior checklist. Burlingt. (Vt) 7, 371\u2013392 (1991).","journal-title":"Burlingt. (Vt)"},{"key":"4348_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C. & Kenworthy, L. Brief-2: Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (Psychological Assessment Resources Lutz, FL, 2015).","DOI":"10.1037\/t79467-000"},{"key":"4348_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00269-4","volume":"87","author":"CW Perquin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perquin, C. W. et al. Pain in children and adolescents: a common experience. Pain 87, 51\u201358 (2000).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-9-68","volume":"9","author":"V Engelen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Engelen, V., Haentjens, M. M., Detmar, S. B., Koopman, H. M. & Grootenhuis, M. A. Health related quality of life of Dutch children: psychometric properties of the Pedsql in the Netherlands. BMC Pediatr. 9, 68 (2009).","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"4348_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008848218806","volume":"7","author":"T Vogels","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vogels, T. et al. Measuring health-related quality of life in children: the development of the tacqol parent form. Qual. Life Res. 7, 457\u2013465 (1998).","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"4348_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i08","volume":"42","author":"D Ho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ho, D., Imai, K., King, G. & Stuart, E. A. Matchit: nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference. J. Stat. Softw. 42, 1\u201328 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"4348_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.03.004","volume":"13","author":"J Hohmeister","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hohmeister, J., Demirakca, S., Zohsel, K., Flor, H. & Hermann, C. Responses to pain in school-aged children with experience in a neonatal intensive care unit: cognitive aspects and maternal influences. Eur. J. Pain. 13, 94\u2013101 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain."},{"key":"4348_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.05.001","volume":"110","author":"C van Ganzewinkel","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Ganzewinkel, C. et al. Pain threshold, tolerance and intensity in adolescents born very preterm or with low birth weight. Early Hum. Dev. 110, 31\u201338 (2017).","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"4348_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2006.12.009","volume":"11","author":"BM Schmelzle-Lubiecki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmelzle-Lubiecki, B. M., Campbell, K. A., Howard, R. H., Franck, L. & Fitzgerald, M. Long-term consequences of early infant injury and trauma upon somatosensory processing. Eur. J. Pain. 11, 799\u2013809 (2007).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain."},{"key":"4348_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.03.001","volume":"19","author":"JM Iversen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iversen, J. M. et al. Pain sensitivity and thermal detection thresholds in young adults born preterm with very low birth weight or small for gestational age at term compared with controls. J. Pain 19, 873\u2013884 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.04.006","volume":"110","author":"K Ren","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ren, K. et al. Characterization of basal and re-inflammation-associated long-term alteration in pain responsivity following short-lasting neonatal local inflammatory insult. Pain 110, 588\u2013596 (2004).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000658","volume":"122","author":"SM Walker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walker, S. M., Fitzgerald, M. & Hathway, G. J. Surgical injury in the neonatal rat alters the adult pattern of descending modulation from the rostroventral medulla. Anesthesiology 122, 1391\u20131400 (2015).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4348_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000784","volume":"158","author":"SM Walker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walker, S. M. Translational studies identify long-term impact of prior neonatal pain experience. Pain 158(Suppl 1), S29\u2013S42 (2017).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.129","volume":"111","author":"JW Peters","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peters, J. W. et al. Major surgery within the first 3 months of life and subsequent biobehavioral pain responses to immunization at later age: a case comparison study. Pediatrics 111, 129\u2013135 (2003).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4348_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)10316-0","volume":"349","author":"A Taddio","year":"1997","unstructured":"Taddio, A., Katz, J., Ilersich, A. L. & Koren, G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. Lancet 349, 599\u2013603 (1997).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4348_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.11.111","volume":"121","author":"O Moriarty","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moriarty, O., Harrington, L., Beggs, S. & Walker, S. M. Opioid analgesia and the somatosensory memory of neonatal surgical injury in the adult rat. Br. J. Anaesth. 121, 314\u2013324 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"4348_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.01.014","volume":"114","author":"JWB Peters","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peters, J. W. B. et al. Does neonatal surgery lead to increased pain sensitivity in later childhood?. Pain 114, 444\u2013454 (2005).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4348_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crozier, S. C. et al. Sensory processing patterns in children born very preterm. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 70, 7001220050p7001220051-7001220057 (2016).","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2016.018747"},{"key":"4348_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.07.012","volume":"113","author":"J Ryckman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ryckman, J., Hilton, C., Rogers, C. & Pineda, R. Sensory processing disorder in preterm infants during early childhood and relationships to early neurobehavior. Early Hum. Dev. 113, 18\u201322 (2017).","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"4348_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2013.12","volume":"33","author":"AC Wickremasinghe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wickremasinghe, A. C. et al. Children born prematurely have atypical sensory profiles. J. Perinatol. 33, 631\u2013635 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"4348_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0738-4","volume":"88","author":"DE El-Metwally","year":"2020","unstructured":"El-Metwally, D. E. & Medina, A. E. The potential effects of Nicu environment and multisensory stimulation in prematurity. Pediatr. Res. 88, 161\u2013162 (2020).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"4348_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000689","volume":"40","author":"A Nyman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nyman, A. et al. Executive function profiles at home and at school in 11-year-old very low birth weight or very low gestational age children. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 40, 547\u2013554 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"4348_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200612000-00002","volume":"27","author":"HG Taylor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Taylor, H. G., Klein, N., Drotar, D., Schluchter, M. & Hack, M. Consequences and risks of <1000-G birth weight for neuropsychological skills, achievement, and adaptive functioning. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 27, 459\u2013469 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"4348_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31823279b1","volume":"70","author":"E Roze","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roze, E. et al. Functional impairments at school age of children with necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation. Pediatr. Res. 70, 619\u2013625 (2011).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"4348_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaidya, R. et al. Long-Term outcome of necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation. Pediatrics 150, e2022056445 (2022).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-056445"},{"key":"4348_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.02.033","volume":"153","author":"DK Shah","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shah, D. K. et al. Adverse neurodevelopment in preterm infants with postnatal sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis is mediated by white matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging at term. J. Pediatr. 153, 170\u2013175 (2008). 175 e171.","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"4348_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2016.09.004","volume":"40","author":"HG Taylor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taylor, H. G. & Clark, C. A. Executive function in children born preterm: risk factors and implications for outcome. Semin Perinatol. 40, 520\u2013529 (2016).","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol."},{"key":"4348_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215220","volume":"14","author":"ML Hansen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hansen, M. L., Jensen, I. V., Gregersen, R., Juhl, S. M. & Greisen, G. Behavioural and neurodevelopmental impairment at school age following necrotising enterocolitis in the newborn period. PLoS ONE 14, e0215220 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4348_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F318","DOI":"10.1136\/fetalneonatal-2011-300244","volume":"97","author":"K Pike","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pike, K. et al. Outcomes at 7 years for babies who developed neonatal necrotising enterocolitis: the oracle children study. Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 97, F318\u2013F322 (2012).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"4348_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2022.151696","volume":"47","author":"J Canvasser","year":"2023","unstructured":"Canvasser, J. et al. Long-term outcomes and life-impacts of necrotizing enterocolitis: a survey of survivors and parents. Semin. Perinatol. 47, 151696 (2023).","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"4348_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002918","volume":"268","author":"R Amin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amin, R. et al. Long-term quality of life in neonatal surgical disease. Ann. Surg. 268, 497\u2013505 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"4348_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012253723272","volume":"10","author":"C Eiser","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eiser, C. & Morse, R. Can parents rate their child\u2019s health-related quality of life? Results of a systematic review. Qual. Life Res. 10, 347\u2013357 (2001).","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04348-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04348-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04348-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:09:06Z","timestamp":1774530546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04348-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-025-04348-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All parents and all participants aged 12 years or older provided informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent statement"}}]}}