{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:56:15Z","timestamp":1785772575678,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-04461-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T16:15:43Z","timestamp":1761322543000},"page":"2148-2154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The 2024 Central African Republic monkeypox outbreak: implications for pediatric involvement and global health"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7041-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona Gamal","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2820-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Rabiul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4461_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.52225\/narra.v3i1.104","volume":"3","author":"SK Ahmed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmed, S. K. et al. Monkeypox virus infection and myocarditis: a review of current evidence and possible pathogenesis. Narra J. 3, e104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52225\/narra.v3i1.104 (2023).","journal-title":"Narra J."},{"key":"4461_CR2","unstructured":"WHO. Multi-country outbreak of mpox External Situation Report 35, published 12 August 2024 Data as received by WHO from national authorities as of 30 June 2024. 2024. Accessed August 25, 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/multi-country-outbreak-of-mpox--external-situation-report-35--12-august-2024"},{"key":"4461_CR3","unstructured":"Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Africa CDC Epidemic Intelligence Report [Internet]. 2024 Aug. August 2024. August 2024. Accessed August 25, 2024. https:\/\/africacdc.org\/download\/africa-cdc-weekly-event-based-surveillance-report-august-2024\/"},{"key":"4461_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.15.04061","volume":"15","author":"V Jadhav","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jadhav, V. et al. Global epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health responses: a systematic review on Mpox (1958\u20132024). J. Glob. Health 15, 04061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.15.04061 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"4461_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2024.101487","volume":"62","author":"P Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh, P. et al. The resurgence of monkeypox: epidemiology, clinical features, and public health implications in the post-smallpox eradication era. N. Microbes N. Infect. 62, 101487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nmni.2024.101487 (2024).","journal-title":"N. Microbes N. Infect."},{"key":"4461_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11121734","volume":"11","author":"SK Ahmed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmed, S. K. et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and willingness of healthcare workers in Iraq\u2019s Kurdistan region to vaccinate against human monkeypox: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Vaccines (Basel) 11, 1734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11121734 (2023).","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"4461_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmed, S. K. et al. Hospital-based salient prevention and control measures to counteract the 2022 monkeypox outbreak. Health Sci. Rep. 6, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.1057 (2023).","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1057"},{"key":"4461_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpede.2022.10.003","volume":"97","author":"M Roguera Sopena","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roguera Sopena, M., Naqui Xicota, L., Hern\u00e1ndez Rodr\u00edguez, \u00c1, M\u00e9ndez Hern\u00e1ndez, M. J. & Rodrigo Gonzalo de Liria, C. Monkeypox, also in pediatric age. An. de. Pediatr\u00eda (Engl. Ed.) 97, 426\u2013427, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anpede.2022.10.003 (2022).","journal-title":"An. de. Pediatr\u00eda (Engl. Ed.)"},{"key":"4461_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McGrail, J. P. et al. Comparative Analysis of 2022 Outbreak MPXV and Previous Clade II MPXV. J. Med. Virol. 96, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.70023 (2024).","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70023"},{"key":"4461_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40794-024-00237-w","volume":"11","author":"NG Naga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Naga, N. G., Nawar, E. A., Mobarak, A. A., Faramawy, A. G. & Al-Kordy, H. M. H. Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications \u2013 a comprehensive review. Trop. Dis. Travel Med Vaccines 11, 2, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40794-024-00237-w (2025).","journal-title":"Trop. Dis. Travel Med Vaccines"},{"key":"4461_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glt.2024.10.001","volume":"6","author":"MG Mohamed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohamed, M. G. et al. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, anxiety level and perceived mental healthcare needs toward mpox infection among nursing students: a multi-center cross-sectional study. Glob. Transit 6, 203\u2013211, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.glt.2024.10.001 (2024).","journal-title":"Glob. Transit"},{"key":"4461_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106913","volume":"106","author":"SK Ahmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed, S. K. et al. The 2022 monkeypox outbreak and associated psychiatric morbidities. Int. J. Surg. 106, 106913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106913 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"4461_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vaughan, A. M. et al. Continued circulation of mpox: an epidemiological and phylogenetic assessment, European Region, 2023 to 2024. Eurosurveillance 29, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.27.2400330 (2024).","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.27.2400330"},{"key":"4461_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beeson, A. M. et al. Mpox in children and adolescents: epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Pediatrics. 151, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2022-060179 (2023).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-060179"},{"key":"4461_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0300225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300225","volume":"19","author":"BN Sadek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sadek, B. N. et al. Are pediatric nurses prepared to respond to monkeypox outbreak?. PLoS One 19, e0300225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0300225 (2024).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4461_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e572","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00607-1","volume":"12","author":"N Sanchez Clemente","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sanchez Clemente, N. et al. Paediatric, maternal, and congenital mpox: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob. Health 12, e572\u2013e588, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00607-1 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"4461_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shabil, M. et al. Effectiveness of tecovirimat in mpox cases: a systematic review of current evidence. J Med Virol. 96 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.70122","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70122"},{"key":"4461_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00492-9","volume":"24","author":"A Hazra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hazra, A. et al. Mpox in people with past infection or a complete vaccination course: a global case series. Lancet Infect. Dis. 24, 57\u201364, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00492-9 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"4461_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.3390\/v16111737","volume":"16","author":"F Mohamed Abdoul-Latif","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohamed Abdoul-Latif, F. et al. Mpox resurgence: a multifaceted analysis for global preparedness. Viruses 16, 1737, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v16111737 (2024).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"4461_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinpr.2024.100394","volume":"24","author":"A Verma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Verma, A. et al. Mpox 2024: new variant, new challenges, and the looming pandemic. Clin. Infect. Pract. 24, 100394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinpr.2024.100394 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Pract."},{"key":"4461_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ravi, R. K., Rasheed, H. M. A., Gamal, M. Acceptance of and concerns about Covid-19 vaccination among parents: a cross-sectional survey in Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. Afr. J. Nurs. Midwifery. Published online February 20, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25159\/2520-5293\/12651 (2023).","DOI":"10.25159\/2520-5293\/12651"},{"key":"4461_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2022.101108","volume":"43","author":"SK Ahmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed, S. K. et al. Global reports of takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. IJC Heart Vasculature 43, 101108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcha.2022.101108 (2022).","journal-title":"IJC Heart Vasculature"},{"key":"4461_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40359","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000040359","volume":"103","author":"J Al-Dabbagh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Dabbagh, J., Mohammad Deeb, E., Younis, R. & Eissa, R. The dermatological manifestations and differential diagnosis of monkeypox: a narrative review. Medicine 103, e40359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000040359 (2024).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"4461_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19058-9","volume":"24","author":"A Izzoddeen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Izzoddeen, A., Elbadri, O., Nageeb Abdalla, M., Magbol, M. & Osman, M. Monkeypox pandemic in Sudan, surveillance epidemiologic report, 2022. BMC Public Health 24, 2457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19058-9 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4461_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02878-7","volume":"95","author":"SA Hoffman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoffman, S. A. & Maldonado, Y. A. Emerging and re-emerging pediatric viral diseases: a continuing global challenge. Pediatr. Res. 95, 480\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-023-02878-7 (2024).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"4461_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106794","volume":"104","author":"SK Ahmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed, S. K. et al. The global human monkeypox outbreak in 2022: an overview. Int. J. Surg. 104, 106794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106794 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"4461_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.130272.2","volume":"12","author":"SK Ahmed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmed, S. K. et al. Monkeypox (mpox) in immunosuppressed patients. F1000Res 12, 127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.130272.2 (2023).","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"4461_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.12691\/ajeid-12-3-2","volume":"12","author":"M Pal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pal, M., Rebuma, T., Berhanu, W., Endale, B. & Zende, R. Monkeypox: a new challenge in global health security. Am. J. Epidemiol. Infect. Dis. 12, 37\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12691\/ajeid-12-3-2 (2024).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"4461_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2024.105662","volume":"171","author":"Y Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Nie, W., Tian, D. & Ye, Q. Human monkeypox virus: epidemiologic review and research progress in diagnosis and treatment. J. Clin. Virol. 171, 105662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2024.105662 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"4461_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01752-5","volume":"404","author":"F Branda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Branda, F., Ceccarelli, G., Ciccozzi, M. & Scarpa, F. Strengthening community resilience: lessons from COVID-19 for mpox prevention. Lancet 404, 929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01752-5 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4461_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.3390\/v16121815","volume":"16","author":"NP Danladi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Danladi, N. P. et al. Challenges in global distribution and equitable access to monkeypox vaccines. Viruses 16, 1815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v16121815 (2024).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"4461_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00564-1","volume":"4","author":"SK Sulaiman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sulaiman, S. K. et al. Global prevalence and correlates of mpox vaccine acceptance and uptake: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Commun. Med. 4, 136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43856-024-00564-1 (2024).","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"4461_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pate, M. A., Bali, S. 28 Financing emergency research response during infectious disease outbreaks: lessons from the world bank and other international financial institutions. In: Principles and Practice of Emergency Research Response. Springer International Publishing. 739\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-48408-7_41 (2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-48408-7_41"},{"key":"4461_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-024-02108-x","volume":"10","author":"TD Awoke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Awoke, T. D., Kassa, S. M., Terefe, Y. A. & Asfaw, M. D. Modeling on cost-effectiveness of monkeypox disease control strategies with consideration of environmental transmission effects in the presence of vaccination. Model Earth Syst. Environ. 10, 6105\u20136132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40808-024-02108-x (2024).","journal-title":"Model Earth Syst. Environ."},{"key":"4461_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/gove.12818","volume":"37","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. & Wang, H. The origins and consequences of administrative burdens in mass immunization programs: experimental evidence based on the monkeypox outbreak. Governance 37, 947\u2013967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gove.12818 (2024).","journal-title":"Governance"},{"key":"4461_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2024.06.008","volume":"99","author":"Z Su","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su, Z. et al. Mpox (Monkeypox) or Money-Pox? Unjust Global Responses Toward Infectious Diseases. Mayo Clin. Proc. 99, 1672\u20131673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2024.06.008 (2024).","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"4461_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02862-6","volume":"30","author":"K Mercy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mercy, K. et al. Mpox continues to spread in Africa and threatens global health security. Nat. Med 30, 1225\u20131226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-02862-6 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"4461_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17473-y","volume":"24","author":"DA Le\u00f3n-Figueroa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Le\u00f3n-Figueroa, D. A., Barboza, J. J., Valladares-Garrido, M. J., Sah, R. & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. Prevalence of intentions to receive monkeypox vaccine. A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 24, 35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-17473-y (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4461_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2024.100527","volume":"20","author":"M Tanashat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanashat, M. et al. Assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and perception of the world\u2019s population towards monkeypox and its vaccines: a systematic review and descriptive analysis of cross-sectional studies. Vaccin. X 20, 100527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvacx.2024.100527 (2024).","journal-title":"Vaccin. X"},{"key":"4461_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00363-2","volume":"12","author":"N Ndembi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ndembi, N. et al. Mpox outbreaks in Africa constitute a public health emergency of continental security. Lancet Glob. Health 12, e1577\u2013e1579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00363-2 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"4461_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107227","volume":"147","author":"SS Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee, S. S., Traore, T. & Zumla, A. The WHO mpox public health emergency of international concern declaration: Need for reprioritisation of global public health responses to combat the MPXV Clade I epidemic. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 147, 107227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107227 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"4461_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02068-3","volume":"404","author":"I Abubakar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abubakar, I., Lutwama, J., Kyobutungi, C. & Sankoh, O. Mpox global emergency: strengthening African leadership. Lancet 404, 1286\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02068-3 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04461-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04461-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04461-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:20:01Z","timestamp":1785770401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04461-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["4461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-025-04461-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}