{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:56:59Z","timestamp":1791212219610,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-04642-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T10:35:59Z","timestamp":1765967759000},"page":"582-588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Continuous transcutaneous CO2 monitoring in VLBW infants on high-frequency ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Agustin","family":"Bernatzky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanin","family":"Fontana Stiglich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Brandani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo Hernan","family":"Brener Dik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo Luis","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4642_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1159\/000499361","volume":"115","author":"DG Sweet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sweet, D. G. et al. European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome \u2013 2019 Update. Neonatology 115, 432\u2013450 (2019).","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"4642_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(05)70104-4","volume":"28","author":"N Ambalavanan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ambalavanan, N. & Carlo, W. A. Hypocapnia and hypercapnia in respiratory management of newborn infants. Clin. Perinatol. 28, 517\u2013531 (2001).","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"4642_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200112000-00014","volume":"50","author":"MP Collins","year":"2001","unstructured":"Collins, M. P., Lorenz, J. M., Jetton, J. R. & Paneth, N. Hypocapnia and other ventilation-related risk factors for cerebral palsy in low birth weight infants. Pediatr. Res. 50, 712\u2013719 (2001).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"4642_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2002.00041.x","volume":"38","author":"SJ Erickson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Erickson, S. J., Grauaug, A., Gurrin, L. & Swaminathan, M. Hypocarbia in the ventilated preterm infant and its effect on intraventricular haemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J. Paediatr. Child Health 38, 560\u2013562 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"4642_CR5","first-page":"CD011494","volume":"2","author":"M Bruschettini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bruschettini, M., Romantsik, O., Zappettini, S., Ramenghi, L. A. & Calevo, M. G. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring for the prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2, CD011494 (2016).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"4642_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211859","volume":"28","author":"JW Kaempf","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaempf, J. W. et al. PCO2 and room air saturation values in premature infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J. Perinatol. 28, 48\u201354 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"4642_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(88)90082-5","volume":"16","author":"T Aarimaa","year":"1988","unstructured":"Aarimaa, T. & Oja, R. Transcutaneous PO2, PCO2 and heart rate patterns during normal postnatal adaptation and respiratory distress. Early Hum. Dev. 16, 3\u201311 (1988).","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"4642_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00011","volume":"8","author":"I Bresesti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bresesti, I. et al. Feasibility of transcutaneous pCO2 monitoring during immediate transition after birth\u2014A prospective observational study. Front. Pediatr. 8, 11 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"4642_CR9","volume":"2","author":"PG Woodgate","year":"2001","unstructured":"Woodgate, P. G. & Davies, M. W. Permissive hypercapnia for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2, CD002061 (2001).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"4642_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.5.1082","volume":"104","author":"G Mariani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mariani, G., Cifuentes, J. & Carlo, W. A. Randomized trial of permissive hypercapnia in preterm infants. Pediatrics 104, 1082\u20131088 (1999).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4642_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F376","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-311581","volume":"102","author":"UH Thome","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thome, U. H. et al. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birthweight infants randomised to different PCO\u2082 targets: the PHELBI follow-up study. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 102, F376\u2013F382 (2017).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"4642_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00204-0","volume":"3","author":"UH Thome","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thome, U. H. et al. Permissive hypercapnia in extremely low birthweight infants (PHELBI): a randomised controlled multicentre trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 3, 534\u2013543 (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"4642_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26108","volume":"57","author":"Y Ozawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ozawa, Y., Miyake, F. & Isayama, T. Efficacy and safety of permissive hypercapnia in preterm infants: a systematic review. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 57, 2603\u20132613 (2022).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"4642_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2434","volume":"119","author":"J Fabres","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fabres, J., Carlo, W. A., Phillips, V., Howard, G. & Ambalavanan, N. Both extremes of arterial carbon dioxide pressure and the magnitude of fluctuations in arterial carbon dioxide pressure are associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Pediatrics 119, 299\u2013305 (2007).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4642_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199308000-00014","volume":"34","author":"J Menke","year":"1993","unstructured":"Menke, J. et al. Simultaneous influence of blood pressure, PCO\u2082, and PO\u2082 on cerebral blood flow velocity in preterm infants of less than 33 weeks\u2019 gestation. Pediatr. Res. 34, 173\u2013177 (1993).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"4642_CR16","first-page":"109","volume":"118","author":"PH Brener Dik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brener Dik, P. H. et al. Impact of the volume of blood collected by phlebotomy on transfusion requirements in preterm infants with birth weight of less than 1500 g. A quasi-experimental study. Arch. Argent. Pediatr. 118, 109\u2013116 (2020).","journal-title":"Arch. Argent. Pediatr."},{"key":"4642_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0515-6","volume":"39","author":"M Puia-Dumitrescu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Puia-Dumitrescu, M. et al. Patterns of phlebotomy blood loss and transfusions in extremely low birth weight infants. J. Perinatol. 39, 1670\u20131675 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"4642_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911781","volume":"362","author":"WA Carlo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carlo, W. A. et al. SUPPORT Study Group of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Target ranges of oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants. N. Engl. J. Med. 362, 1959\u20131969 (2010).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4642_CR19","first-page":"165","volume":"12","author":"A Chandrakantan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chandrakantan, A. et al. Transcutaneous CO\u2082 versus end-tidal CO\u2082 in neonates and infants undergoing surgery: a prospective study. Med. Devices 12, 165\u2013172 (2019).","journal-title":"Med. Devices"},{"key":"4642_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-008-0734-z","volume":"23","author":"M Hirabayashi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hirabayashi, M., Fujiwara, C., Ohtani, N., Kagawa, S. & Kamide, M. Transcutaneous PCO\u2082 monitors are more accurate than end-tidal PCO\u2082 monitors. J. Anesth. 23, 198\u2013202 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Anesth."},{"key":"4642_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3640","volume":"144","author":"O Hochwald","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hochwald, O. et al. Continuous noninvasive carbon dioxide monitoring in neonates: From theory to standard of care. Pediatrics 144, e20183640 (2019).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4642_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5757","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175757","volume":"12","author":"L Borenstein-Levin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Borenstein-Levin, L. et al. Transcutaneous CO\u2082 monitoring in extremely low birth weight premature infants. J. Clin. Med. 12, 5757 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med"},{"key":"4642_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05936","volume":"63","author":"LL Lambert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lambert, L. L., Baldwin, M. B., Gonzalez, C. V., Lowe, G. R. & Willis, J. R. Accuracy of transcutaneous CO\u2082 values compared with arterial and capillary blood gases. Respir. Care 63, 907\u2013912 (2018).","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"4642_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0102900307","volume":"29","author":"BG Carter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carter, B. G., Wiwczaruk, D., Hochmann, M., Osborn, E. A. & Henning, R. Performance of transcutaneous PCO\u2082 and pulse oximetry monitors in newborns and infants after cardiac surgery. Anaesth. Intensive Care 29, 260\u2013265 (2001).","journal-title":"Anaesth. Intensive Care"},{"key":"4642_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040754","volume":"11","author":"N Binder","year":"1994","unstructured":"Binder, N., Atherton, H., Thorkelsson, T. & Hoath, S. B. Measurement of transcutaneous carbon dioxide in low birthweight infants during the first two weeks of life. Am. J. Perinatol. 11, 237\u2013241 (1994).","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"4642_CR26","first-page":"301","volume":"88","author":"M Janaillac","year":"2005","unstructured":"Janaillac, M., Labarinas, S., Pfister, R. E. & Karam, O. Accuracy of transcutaneous carbon dioxide measurement in premature infants: Comparison with arterial PCO. Neonatology 88, 301\u2013305 (2005).","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"4642_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02164.x","volume":"100","author":"KL Sandberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sandberg, K. L., Brynjarsson, H. & Hjalmarson, O. Transcutaneous blood gas monitoring during neonatal intensive care. Acta Paediatr. 100, 676\u2013679 (2011).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"4642_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950120305","volume":"12","author":"Y Sivan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sivan, Y., Eldadah, M. K., Cheah, T. E. & Newth, C. J. Estimation of arterial carbon dioxide by end-tidal and transcutaneous PCO\u2082 measurements in ventilated children. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 12, 153\u2013157 (1992).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"4642_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012750","volume":"347","author":"SE Courtney","year":"2002","unstructured":"Courtney, S. E. et al. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional mechanical ventilation for very-low-birth-weight infants. N. Engl. J. Med 347, 643\u2013652 (2002).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"4642_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00299.x","volume":"5","author":"A Tatman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tatman, A., Mok, Q., James, I. & Tasker, R. C. Rapid control of severe hypercapnia with high frequency oscillatory ventilation. Paediatr. Anaesth. 5, 269\u2013271 (1995).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"4642_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2018.59.1.101","volume":"59","author":"SM Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee, S. M. et al. Effective tidal volume for normocapnia in very-low-birth-weight infants using high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Yonsei Med. J. 59, 101\u2013106 (2018).","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"4642_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200205000-00011","volume":"30","author":"JW Berkenbosch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berkenbosch, J. W. & Tobias, J. D. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in infants and children. Crit. Care Med. 30, 1024\u20131027 (2002).","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"4642_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-5-30","volume":"5","author":"M R\u00fcdiger","year":"2005","unstructured":"R\u00fcdiger, M., T\u00f6pfer, K., Hammer, H., Schmalisch, G. & Wauer, R. R. A. survey of transcutaneous blood gas monitoring among European neonatal intensive care units. BMC Pediatr. 5, 30 (2005).","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"4642_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14107","volume":"62","author":"M Ochiai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ochiai, M. et al. Transcutaneous blood gas monitoring among neonatal intensive care units in Japan. Pediatr. Int. 62, 169\u2013174 (2020).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int."},{"key":"4642_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04212","volume":"61","author":"S Mukhopadhyay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay, S., Maurer, R. & Puopolo, K. M. Neonatal transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring\u2014effect on clinical management and outcomes. Respir. Care. 61, 90\u201397 (2016).","journal-title":"Respir. Care."},{"key":"4642_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Travers, C. P. et al. A quality improvement bundle to improve outcomes in extremely preterm infants in the first week. Pediatrics. 149,(2022).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-037341"},{"key":"4642_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6472","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216472","volume":"13","author":"L Borenstein-Levin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Borenstein-Levin, L. et al. A moving target: studying the effect of continuous transcutaneous CO\u2082 monitoring in ELBW infants during an equipoise shift. J. Clin. Med. 13, 6472 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"4642_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cools, F., Offringa, M. & Askie, L. M. Elective high-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. CD000104 (2015).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000104.pub4"},{"key":"4642_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31826a427a","volume":"41","author":"DG Tingay","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tingay, D. G., Mills, J. F., Morley, C. J., Pellicano, A. & Dargaville, P. A. Indicators of optimal lung volume during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in infants. Crit. Care Med. 41, 237\u2013244 (2013).","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"4642_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00138311","volume":"40","author":"M Miedema","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miedema, M. et al. The effect of airway pressure and oscillation amplitude on ventilation in pre-term infants. Eur. Respir. J. 40, 479\u2013484 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"4642_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198901123200204","volume":"320","author":"HIFI Study Group","year":"1989","unstructured":"HIFI Study Group High-frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants. N. Engl. J. Med. 320, 88\u201393 (1989).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"4642_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012750","volume":"347","author":"SE Courtney","year":"2002","unstructured":"Courtney, S. E. et al. for the Neonatal Ventilation Study Group. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional mechanical ventilation for very-low-birth-weight infants. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 643\u2013652 (2002).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04642-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04642-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04642-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:33:15Z","timestamp":1791210795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-025-04642-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-025-04642-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Given the retrospective nature of this study, individual informed consent was not required. All data were collected from electronic medical records and fully anonymized prior to analysis. The study was conducted in accordance with institutional and national ethical guidelines, and it was approved by the Research Protocol Ethics Committee of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires under protocol number 10901.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}