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This study examined associations between neonatal functional brain dynamics, maternal BMI, and perinatal depressive symptoms measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in a community-based, largely low-risk cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Funcitonal MRI and Leading Eigenvector Analysis (LEiDA) were applied in a neonatal cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009437; 236 males; mean gestational age 39.6 weeks) from the developing Human Connectome Project. We assessed whether neonatal brain-state probabilities related to maternal BMI and EPDS scores (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095.6, SD\u2009=\u20094.3), testing main effects and, separately, their interaction. The sample included 291 healthy-weight (BMI\u2009&lt;\u200925), 98 overweight (25 BMI\u2009&lt;\u200930), and 48 obese (BMI 30) mothers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      EPDS scores were low in this cohort and did not demonstrate associations with brain states or a significant BMI\u2009\u00d7\u2009EPDS interaction. Higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was negatively associated with the stability of a functional network encompassing superior frontal, superior parietal, and temporal regions (\n                      <jats:italic>\u00df<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.129,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As this network is normally recruited more with age, reduced stability suggests slowed maturation of fronto-parieto-temporal systems and may signal early risk for later behavioral challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with reduced stability in a neonatal frontoparietal brain state, characterized by coordinated activity in frontal, parietal, and temporal regions.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This state is one of six distinct dynamic connectivity patterns identified, reflecting core neonatal resting-state networks.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The association was robust across multiple analytic models and clustering solutions.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>No significant effects were found for maternal depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>These findings underscore the selective impact of maternal metabolic health on early brain organization, suggesting prenatal influences on the functional architecture of the newborn brain that may shape long-term neurodevelopmental trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-04726-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T17:42:16Z","timestamp":1768498936000},"page":"757-764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigating the influence of maternal prenatal BMI and perinatal depressive symptoms on neonatal brain network dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0958-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella L. 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