{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:17:45Z","timestamp":1792855065629,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the longitudinal effects of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) on cerebral oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective cohort study included preterm neonates born &lt;34 weeks\u2019 gestation between 2013 and 2024. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was measured from IVH diagnosis until term-equivalent age. Duration of abnormal rScO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      values (&lt;55%; &gt;85%) and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) were analyzed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 154 preterm infants with IVH (median gestational age: 25\n                      <jats:sup>+4<\/jats:sup>\n                      weeks) were included, of whom 65 (42.2%) developed PHVD, with 56 (86.2%) requiring temporizing neurosurgical intervention. Analysis of over 30,000\u2009hours of NIRS data revealed a significant decline in cerebral oxygenation with increasing IVH severity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023). Infants with PHVD had lower rScO\u2082 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), spent more time with rScO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u200955% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and exhibited higher cFTOE (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than those without PHVD. Within the PHVD group, more interventions were associated with lower rScO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010) and higher cFTOE values (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IVH and PHVD profoundly impair cerebral oxygenation. High-grade IVH leads to rScO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      deterioration, further exacerbated in infants with greater PHVD burden. These findings highlight the need for targeted strategies to stabilize cerebral oxygenation in this vulnerable population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Cerebral oxygenation declines with increasing intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) severity in preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) severity, reflected by the number of neurosurgical interventions, is linked to worsening cerebral oxygenation and increased oxygen extraction.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This prospective cohort study provides a comprehensive longitudinal dataset using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to link IVH severity and PHVD to cerebral oxygenation dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Findings underscore the urgent need for targeted neuroprotective interventions to stabilize brain oxygenation in preterm infants with severe IVH and PHVD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-04738-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T09:17:10Z","timestamp":1767863830000},"page":"1398-1406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation on cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Elis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel A.","family":"Vignolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Ciglar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Kasprian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Langs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Olischar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5209-6169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Goeral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"4738_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-02033-x","volume":"22","author":"E Bradley","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bradley, E. et al. 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