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The relationships between growth in weight, length, and head circumference z-scores and body composition (fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) z-scores) at discharge, 4 and 24\u2009m and anthropometry and body composition at 24\u2009m was assessed using conditional growth curve models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 343 children with longitudinal data (mean (standard deviation) gestation 33.4 (1.0) weeks; birthweight 2120 (424) g), growth in size and body composition after hospital discharge, specifically FM z-score at 4\u2009m and FFM z-score at 24\u2009m, had stronger associations with size and body composition at 24\u2009m than measures at or before discharge. Growth patterns were not different between moderate- and late-preterm infants (32\u201333 and 34\u201335 weeks) but differed between sexes, small-for-gestational-age (\u2009&lt;\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile) and ethnicities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In children born MLPT, growth in size and body composition after discharge is important for size at 24 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The influence of timing of growth on later size and body composition in children born moderate-and-late preterm is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Growth in fat mass z-score at 4 months and fat-free mass z-score at 24 months had stronger associations with size and body composition at 24 months than measures at or before discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Growth in size and body composition after discharge is important for size at 24 months in children born moderate-and-late preterm.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-026-05095-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T11:43:41Z","timestamp":1779450221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Postnatal conditional growth and size and body composition at 24\u2009months in moderate-and-late preterm children"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"given":"Subhasish","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank H.","family":"Bloomfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanith","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luling","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"5095_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.07.009","volume":"41","author":"SE Purisch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Purisch, S. 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