{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:03:56Z","timestamp":1791947036864,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cord blood biomarkers could aid in the early diagnosis of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and detect neonates likely to benefit from interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. PubMed, Scopus, OVID MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were searched through July 2024. Eligible studies were prospective, retrospective, longitudinal, or cross-sectional in English. Reviews, case series, case-control, and opinion articles were excluded. Standardized mean differences were calculated with random-effects models; heterogeneity was assessed with I\u00b2 and bias with Egger\u2019s test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1705 studies screened, 63 were reviewed and 49 meta-analyzed, covering 51 cord blood biomarkers, metabolomic profiles, and microRNA\/mRNA expression profiles. Several biomarkers were significantly elevated in neonates with NE compared to controls, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (3.34; 95%CI 2.52\u20134.15), prooxidant-antioxidant balance (0.80; 95%CI 0.59\u20131.00), activin-A (0.88; 95%CI 0.52\u20131.24), troponin (6.13; 95%CI 3.33\u20138.93), S100 calcium-binding protein B (2.74; 95%CI 0.94\u20134.54), glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, tau, neurofilament light protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, malondialdehyde, hypoxanthine, and nucleated red blood cells. Metabolomic changes and altered miRNA expression were also reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early detection of specific cord blood biomarkers shows promise for NE diagnosis. Further prospective studies are needed to validate biomarker panels for clinical use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Early detection of specific cord blood biomarkers may help identifying neonates with neonatal encephalopathy (NE).<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), prooxidant-antioxidant balance, nucleated red blood cells, and activin-A were significantly elevated in neonates with NE compared to controls. S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and IL-6 were higher in neonates with moderate\/severe NE compared to neonates with mild NE.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>TNF-\u03b1, prooxidant-antioxidant balance, nucleated red blood cells, activin-A, S100B, and IL-6 are the most promising cord blood biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease severity assessment of NE.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-026-05209-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T04:57:55Z","timestamp":1782363475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cord blood biomarkers in infants with neonatal encephalopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Rallis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Smolkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian Henry","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Christou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-Dib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"5209_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.05.010","volume":"86","author":"JJ Kurinczuk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kurinczuk, J. 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