{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:32:18Z","timestamp":1787311938581,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Backgound<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DICER1 gene located on chromosome 14q, essential for the maturation of miRNAs, is commonly associated with multinodular goiter and thyroid carcinomas. We aimed to systematically search the literature and identify mutations in the DICER1 gene associated with thyroid cancer in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement through four databases (Pubmed, Web of Science\/Scopus\/Google Scholar). The quality of the studies was assessed using the ROBINS-1 tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1672 articles were retrieved through databases. After applying the inclusion\/exclusion criteria, 32 original studies were systematically reviewed. Genomic mutations in the DICER1 gene lead to DICER1 syndrome, which is more commonly associated with multinodular goiter than with thyroid carcinomas. The most common type of thyroid cancer in the setting of DICER1 gene mutations is papillary thyroid carcinoma, followed by follicular thyroid carcinoma and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer. Additionally, other rare histological types may occur. These mutations have been associated with capsular invasion and do not often metastasize to lymph nodes or distant organs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mutations in the DICER1 gene appear to be more commonly associated with thyroid cancer in children than in adults, particularly with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The impact of this study is to provide a systematic analysis of DICER1 mutations in pediatric and adolescent thyroid cancer, summarizing its prevalence, clinical significance and molecular mechanisms in this specific population group.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>By integrating current evidence, this study highlights the role of DICER1 gene in tumorigenesis and supports future research and clinical decision-making in thyroid cancer among children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-026-05334-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T10:51:46Z","timestamp":1787309506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mutations of the DICER1 gene among children and adolescents with thyroid cancer: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Dimaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni P.","family":"Kotanidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki Rengina","family":"Tsinopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilias Konstantinos","family":"Dimakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Tragiannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Hatzipantelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assimina","family":"Galli-Tsinopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5334_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.19.8.11","volume":"19","author":"D Kirsten","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kirsten, D. The Thyroid Gland: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Neonatal Netw. 19, 11\u201326 (2000).","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw."},{"key":"5334_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10090723","volume":"10","author":"VA Paulson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paulson, V. A., Rudzinski, E. R. & Hawkins, D. S. Thyroid Cancer in the Pediatric Population. Genes (Basel) 10, 723 (2019).","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"5334_CR3","unstructured":"Jasim, S., Dean, D. S., Gharib, H. Fine-Needle Aspiration of the Thyroid Gland. In Endotext (Feingold, K. R., et al., eds). (South Dartmouth MA, 2023)."},{"key":"5334_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083382","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1083382","volume":"14","author":"JC Ricarte-Filho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ricarte-Filho, J. C. et al. DICER1 RNase IIIb domain mutations trigger widespread miRNA dysregulation and MAPK activation in pediatric thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 14, 1083382 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"5334_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsc.2016.05.014","volume":"11","author":"M Canfarotta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Canfarotta, M., Riba-Wolman, R., Orsey, A. D., Balarezo, F. & Finck, C. DICER1 syndrome and thyroid disease. J. Pediatr. Surg. Case Rep. 11, 31\u20134 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"5334_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.11.002","volume":"370","author":"Y Mehraein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mehraein, Y., Schmid, I., Eggert, M., Kohlhase, J. & Steinlein, O. K. DICER1 syndrome can mimic different genetic tumor predispositions. Cancer Lett. 370, 275\u20138 (2015).","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"5334_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcped.2023.100023","volume":"2","author":"D\u0392 Orbach","year":"2023","unstructured":"Orbach, D. \u0392 et al. The role of cancer predisposition syndrome in children and adolescents with very rare tumours. EJC Paediatr. Oncol. 2, 100023 (2023).","journal-title":"EJC Paediatr. Oncol."},{"key":"5334_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2010.083790","volume":"48","author":"I Slade","year":"2011","unstructured":"Slade, I. et al. DICER1 syndrome: clarifying the diagnosis, clinical features and management implications of a pleiotropic tumour predisposition syndrome. J. Med. Genet. 48, 273\u20138 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"5334_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.242","volume":"27","author":"LA Doros","year":"2014","unstructured":"Doros, L. A. et al. DICER1 mutations in childhood cystic nephroma and its relationship to DICER1-renal sarcoma. Mod. Pathol. 27, 1267\u201380 (2014).","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"5334_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00774","volume":"104","author":"K van der Tuin","year":"2019","unstructured":"van der Tuin, K. et al. Clinical and Molecular Characteristics May Alter Treatment Strategies of Thyroid Malignancies in DICER1 Syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 104, 277\u201384 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"5334_CR11","first-page":"123","volume":"2","author":"V Ho\u0159\u00ednov\u00e1","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ho\u0159\u00ednov\u00e1, V. et al. DICER1 Syndrome. Klin. Onkol. 2, 123\u20137 (2019).","journal-title":"Klin. Onkol."},{"key":"5334_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-15-0460","volume":"23","author":"MK Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu, M. K. et al. Functional characterization of multiple DICER1 mutations in an adolescent. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 23, 1\u20135 (2016).","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"5334_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.07.003","volume":"18","author":"CS Choong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choong, C. S., Priest, J. R. & Foulkes, W. D. Exploring the endocrine manifestations of DICER1 mutations. Trends Mol. Med. 18, 503\u20135 (2012).","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med"},{"key":"5334_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-207203","volume":"74","author":"M Thunders","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thunders, M. & Delahunt, B. Gene of the month: DICER1: ruler and controller. J. Clin. Pathol. 74, 69\u201372 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"5334_CR15","first-page":"318","volume":"64","author":"AD Hoyes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hoyes, A. D. & Kershaw, D. R. Anatomy and development of the thyroid gland. Ear Nose Throat J. 64, 318\u201333 (1985).","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"5334_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70029","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.70029","volume":"133","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. DICER1 mutations in Bethesda category II, III, and IV thyroid nodules: A mutually exclusive relationship with BRAFV600E mutation. Cancer Cytopathol. 133, 70029 (2025).","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol."},{"key":"5334_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17172885","volume":"17","author":"FA Jansen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jansen, F. A., Bakhuizen, J., Kester, L. & de Krijger, R. R. DICER1 Syndrome: What Do We Know of the Pathogenetic Mechanisms? Cancers 17, 2885 (2025).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"5334_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-021-09688-9","volume":"32","author":"JS Bae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bae, J. S. et al. High Prevalence of DICER1 Mutations and Low Frequency of Gene Fusions in Pediatric Follicular-Patterned Tumors of the Thyroid. Endocr. Pathol. 32, 336\u201346 (2021).","journal-title":"Endocr. Pathol."},{"key":"5334_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02698","volume":"103","author":"JD Wasserman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wasserman, J. D. et al. DICER1 Mutations Are Frequent in Adolescent-Onset Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 103, 2009\u201315 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"5334_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0233","volume":"30","author":"YA Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, Y. A. et al. Predominant DICER1 Pathogenic Variants in Pediatric Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas. Thyroid 30, 1120\u201331 (2020).","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"5334_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-022-09736-y","volume":"33","author":"S Onder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Onder, S. et al. DICER1 Mutations Occur in More Than One-Third of Follicular-Patterned Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas and Correlate with a Low-Risk Disease and Female Gender Predilection. Endocr. Pathol. 33, 437\u201345 (2022).","journal-title":"Endocr. Pathol."},{"key":"5334_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0458-7","volume":"33","author":"RR Chernock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chernock, R. R. et al. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma of childhood and adolescence: a distinct entity characterized by DICER1 mutations. Mod. Pathol. 33, 1\u201311 (2020).","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"5334_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2169","volume":"101","author":"MM Rutter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rutter, M. M. et al. DICER1 Mutations and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Evidence of a Direct Association. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 101, 1\u20135 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"5334_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Tuin, K. et al. Dutch Pediatric Thyroid cancer consortium. Clinically-relevant Germline Variants in Children with Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 107, (2024).","DOI":"10.1530\/endoabs.110.S31.2"},{"key":"5334_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4206","volume":"99","author":"L De Kock","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Kock, L. et al. Exploring the association Between DICER1 mutations and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 1072\u20137 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"5334_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-023-09780-2","volume":"34","author":"G Yegen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yegen, G. et al. DICER1 Mutations Do Not Always Indicate Dismal Prognosis in Pediatric Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas. Endocr. Pathol. 34, 279\u201386 (2023).","journal-title":"Endocr. Pathol."},{"key":"5334_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0060","volume":"32","author":"J Guilmette","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guilmette, J. et al. Primary Thyroid Neoplasm with Fetal Morphology Associated with DICER1 Mutations: Expanding the Diagnostic Profile of Thyroblastoma. Thyroid 32, 1423\u20138 (2022).","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"5334_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.06.024","volume":"61","author":"M Yoshida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoshida, M. et al. Metachronous anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney and thyroid follicular carcinoma as manifestations of DICER1 abnormalities. Hum. Pathol. 61, 205\u20139 (2017).","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"5334_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-016-1922-0","volume":"468","author":"E Durieux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Durieux, E. et al. The co-occurrence of an ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with a thyroid carcinoma is highly suggestive of a DICER1 syndrome. Virchows Arch. 468, 631\u20136 (2016).","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"5334_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqy004","volume":"149","author":"I Gullo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gullo, I. et al. Multinodular Goiter Progression Toward Malignancy in a Case of DICER1 Syndrome: Histologic and Molecular Alterations. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 149, 379\u201386 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"5334_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.12.021","volume":"93","author":"DJ Moke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moke, D. J. et al. Three synchronous malignancies in a patient with DICER1 syndrome. Eur. J. Cancer 93, 140\u20133 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"5334_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.1655","volume":"8","author":"JN Gallant","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gallant, J. N. et al. Evaluation of the Molecular Landscape of Pediatric Thyroid Nodules and Use of a Multigene Genomic Classifier in Children. JAMA Oncol. 8, 1323\u20137 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"5334_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2954","volume":"102","author":"NE Khan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khan, N. E. et al. Quantification of Thyroid Cancer and Multinodular Goiter Risk in the DICER1 Syndrome: A Family-Based Cohort Study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 102, 1614\u201322 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"5334_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1159\/000509183","volume":"9","author":"S Canberk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Canberk, S. et al. Analyzing the Role of DICER1 Germline Variations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Eur. Thyroid J. 9, 296\u2013303 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Thyroid J."},{"key":"5334_CR35","first-page":"41344","volume":"15","author":"HA Al Hussaini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al Hussaini, H. A., Ahmad, M. M., Albarrak, M., Sherbeeni, S. M. & Al Huzaim, O. DICER1 Syndrome in Twins With Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Cureus 15, 41344 (2023).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"5334_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5625","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-0761","volume":"81","author":"A Stosic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stosic, A. et al. Diverse Oncogenic Fusions and Distinct Gene Expression Patterns Define the Genomic Landscape of Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancer Res. 81, 5625\u201337 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5334_CR37","first-page":"142","volume":"51","author":"T Jitpasutham","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jitpasutham, T., Faquin, W. C., Torous, V. F. & Nos\u00e9, V. Thyroblastoma: A DICER1-associated embryonal neoplasm and fine needle aspiration diagnostic criteria. DiagnCytopathol 51, 142\u20138 (2023).","journal-title":"DiagnCytopathol"},{"key":"5334_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.14341\/probl2017635320-324","volume":"63","author":"SK Babinskaya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Babinskaya, S. K. A clinical case of hereditary papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with a germline DICER1 gene mutation. Probl. Endocrinol. 63, 320\u20134 (2017).","journal-title":"Probl. Endocrinol."},{"key":"5334_CR39","first-page":"158","volume":"95","author":"C Naotunna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naotunna, C., Hilmi, O., Kunanandam, T., Davidson, R. & Guftar Shaikh, M. A young girl with papillary thyroid cancer, could it be DICER1 Syndrome? Endocr. Abstr. 95, 158 (2023).","journal-title":"Endocr. Abstr."},{"key":"5334_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2021.03.018","volume":"63","author":"\u0130 Karnak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karnak, \u0130 et al. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, thyroid follicular carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix in a prepubertal girl with pathogenic germline variant in DICER1 gene. Turk. J. Pediatr. 63, 500\u20135 (2021).","journal-title":"Turk. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"5334_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvad114.1980","volume":"7","author":"NL Yamashita","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yamashita, N. L. & Austin, J. SAT508 Siblings With Heterozygous DICER1 c.322\u2009C\u2009>\u2009T, pGln108* Variant: A Novel Genetic Variant for DICER1 Syndrome. J. Endocr. Soc. 7, 1980 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"5334_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1328","volume":"101","author":"L De Kock","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Kock, L. et al. Deep Sequencing Reveals Spatially Distributed Distinct Hot Spot Mutations in DICER1-Related Multinodular Goiter. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 101, 3637\u20133645 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"5334_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Tuin, K., Joining forces in endocrine cancer genetics: molecular testing, surveillance and treatment decision making in clinical practice. Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden (accessed at https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1887\/81575) (2019).","DOI":"10.1530\/endoabs.70.AEP547"},{"key":"5334_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22805","volume":"132","author":"K Lengyel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lengyel, K. et al. Comprehensive evaluation of cytomorphologic, histologic, and molecular features of DICER1-altered thyroid lesions on FNA: A multipractice experience. Cancer Cytopathol. 132, 359\u201369 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol."},{"key":"5334_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-19-0446","volume":"27","author":"JO Paulsson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paulsson, J. O. et al. GABPA-dependent down-regulation of DICER1 in follicular thyroid tumours. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 27, 295\u2013308 (2020).","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"5334_CR46","unstructured":"Stosic, A. Oncogenic Fusion Transcripts in Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Department of Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto (2020)."},{"key":"5334_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0068-3","volume":"14","author":"L Lamartina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lamartina, L. et al. Follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer - what should (and what should not) be done. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 14, 538\u201351 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"5334_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2021-0741","volume":"18","author":"S Satapathy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Satapathy, S. & Bal, C. Genomic landscape of sporadic pediatric differentiated thyroid cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 18, 749\u201360 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"5334_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01025-x","volume":"23","author":"S Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith, S., Hijiya, N. & Sakamoto, K. Chronic myelogenous leukemia in childhood. Curr. Oncol. Rep. 23, 1\u201310 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"5334_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2473","volume":"116","author":"F Millot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Millot, F. et al. Clinical and biological features at diagnosis in 40 children with chronic myeloid leukemia. J. Pediatr. 116, 140\u20133 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"5334_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.10.127","volume":"6","author":"R Rahbari","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rahbari, R., Zhang, L. & Kebebew, E. Thyroid cancer gender disparity. Future Oncol. 6, 1771\u20139 (2010).","journal-title":"Future Oncol."}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-026-05334-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-026-05334-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-026-05334-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T10:51:48Z","timestamp":1787309508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41390-026-05334-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["5334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-026-05334-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}