{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T11:30:40Z","timestamp":1793878240202,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the major chronic respiratory morbidity in extremely preterm infants, is largely driven by inflammation. Preterm lungs are deficient of surfactant protein D (SP-D), an immunomodulatory protein absent in current commercial surfactant preparations. We hypothesised that using a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rfhSP-D) as an adjuvant to exogenous surfactant therapy would reduce ventilator-induced inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilised a preterm lamb model of ventilator-associated lung injury. Mechanically ventilated preterm lambs were randomised into control and two treated groups, receiving endotracheal surfactant at 15\u2009min post-delivery. Physiological parameters were measured throughout the experiment. Lung tissue was analysed for changes in alveolar architecture and expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) was analysed for SP-D concentration, and inflammatory cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intratracheal administration of rfhSP-D improved respiratory outcomes, significantly increased airspace and lung compliance in treated groups. Treated lambs also showed a reduction in lung tissue gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell counts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intratracheal administration of rfhSP-D did not negatively impact standard surfactant therapy and appeared to complement it. The administration of rfhSP-D as an adjuvant to standard surfactant therapy effectively reduced lung inflammation supporting the potential therapeutic use of rfhSP-D for preterm infants at risk of developing BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We have successfully developed and tested a novel recombinant fragment of human surfactant protein D (rfhSP-D) capable of reducing ventilator-associated lung inflammation in a pre-term lamb model.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>These results suggest rfhSP-D may be a novel potentially useful therapy for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in combination with currently available surfactant replacement therapies and serves as justification for a first in human clinical trial in mechanically ventilated infants.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>If successful, rfhSP-D could become a therapeutic candidate to mitigate pulmonary inflammation and improve lung outcomes, potentially offering a novel therapeutic avenue in the prevention or management of BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-026-05362-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T14:06:57Z","timestamp":1788012417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A recombinant fragment of human surfactant protein D reduces lung inflammation in preterm lambs"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"given":"Tania F.","family":"Castillo-Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Finkielsztein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reena","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Panichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Sewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uffe","family":"Holmskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grith L.","family":"Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris W.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"5362_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1646240","volume":"34","author":"C Siffel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siffel, C., Kistler, K. 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