{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:41:23Z","timestamp":1792680083184,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants with critical congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk for abnormal brain development and later neurodevelopmental impairment. We hypothesized that the trajectory of perioperative whole-brain network development would predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective longitudinal cohort of neonates with critical CHD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200997) underwent preoperative and\/or postoperative brain MRI with diffusion imaging. Whole-brain network measures were derived from structural connectomes from 80 infants, and 50 had neurodevelopment assessed at 1\u20134 years using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      White matter injury was associated with a slower perioperative increase in global efficiency (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013), a measure of network integration, whereas cardiac physiology was not associated with network development. Infants with greater perioperative increases in global efficiency had higher cognitive (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), language (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and motor (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008) scores. For each 1-standard deviation increase in the trajectory of global efficiency, cognitive scores increased by 8.2 points (95% CI: 3.64\u201312.78), independent of brain injury and socioeconomic factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In infants with critical CHD, longitudinal whole-brain network development was associated with neurodevelopment across multiple domains. Early network development may serve as a biomarker of neurodevelopmental risk and resilience in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>In infants with critical congenital heart disease, perioperative increase in whole-brain network integration was associated with cognitive, language, and motor outcomes in early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>White matter injury was associated with a slower increase in network integration, whereas cardiac physiology subtype was not associated with network development.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This study extends prior work by showing that a longitudinal measure of neonatal whole-brain network development, rather than a single imaging timepoint, predicts neurodevelopment across multiple domains.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>These findings identify early network development as a potential biomarker of neurodevelopmental risk and resilience, and support future risk-stratification and intervention studies in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-026-05546-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:58:15Z","timestamp":1792677495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neonatal brain network integration trajectories predict neurodevelopment in congenital heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0660-4131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Harasymiw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Scheffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Peyvandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"McQuillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"5546_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e997","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001211","volume":"149","author":"E Sood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sood, E. et al. 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