{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:51:56Z","timestamp":1787241116134,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583193600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-020-0211-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T21:03:37Z","timestamp":1583183017000},"page":"61-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Phase 2 trial of monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine in biochemical recurrent prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1691-921X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell E.","family":"Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7499-7822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David B.","family":"Agus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya B.","family":"Dorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek K.","family":"Pinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David I.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2883-8310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Castellanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Gilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean C.","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"211_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21551","volume":"69","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69:7\u201334.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"211_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.17.1598","volume":"281","author":"WU Shipley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shipley WU, Thames HD, Sandler HM, Hanks GE, Zietman AL, Perez CA, et al. Radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: a multi-institutional pooled analysis. JAMA. 1999;281:1598\u2013604.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"211_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000134888.22332.bb","volume":"172","author":"KA Roehl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roehl KA, Han M, Ramos CG, Antenor JA, Catalona WJ. Cancer progression and survival rates following anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy in 3,478 consecutive patients: long-term results. J Urol. 2004;172:910\u20134.","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"211_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00471-9","volume":"55","author":"HI Scher","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scher HI, Heller G. Clinical states in prostate cancer: toward a dynamic model of disease progression. Urology. 2000;55:323\u20137.","journal-title":"Urology."},{"key":"211_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.01.039","volume":"72","author":"G Gandaglia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gandaglia G, Briganti A, Clarke N, Karnes RJ, Graefen M, Ost P, et al. Adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients. Eur Urol. 2017;72:689\u2013709.","journal-title":"Eur Urol."},{"key":"211_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2013.08.005","volume":"27","author":"CJ Paller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paller CJ, Antonarakis ES, Eisenberger MA, Carducci MA. Management of patients with biochemical recurrence after local therapy for prostate cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2013;27:1205\u201319.","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"211_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.17.1591","volume":"281","author":"CR Pound","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pound CR, Partin AW, Eisenberger MA, Chan DW, Pearson JD, Walsh PC. Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. JAMA. 1999;281:1591\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"211_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10422.x","volume":"109","author":"ES Antonarakis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antonarakis ES, Feng Z, Trock BJ, Humphreys EB, Carducci MA, Partin AW, et al. The natural history of metastatic progression in men with prostate-specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy: long-term follow-up. BJU Int. 2012;109:32\u20139.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"211_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30906-3","volume":"19","author":"BA Teply","year":"2018","unstructured":"Teply BA, Wang H, Luber B, Sullivan R, Rifkind I, Bruns A, et al. Bipolar androgen therapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after progression on enzalutamide: an open-label, phase 2, multicohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:76\u201386.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"211_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21512","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M600250200","volume":"281","author":"XM Ou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ou XM, Chen K, Shih JC. Glucocorticoid and androgen activation of monoamine oxidase A is regulated differently by R1 and Sp1. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:21512\u201325.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"211_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2007.00263.x","volume":"76","author":"H Zhao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhao H, Nolley R, Chen Z, Reese SW, Peehl DM. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase A promotes secretory differentiation in basal prostatic epithelial cells. Differentiation. 2008;76:820\u201330.","journal-title":"Differentiation."},{"key":"211_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10991","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603678103","volume":"103","author":"L True","year":"2006","unstructured":"True L, Coleman I, Hawley S, Huang CY, Gifford D, Coleman R, et al. A molecular correlate to the Gleason grading system for prostate adenocarcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:10991\u20136.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"211_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0325-x","volume":"37","author":"CP Liao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liao CP, Lin TP, Li PC, Geary LA, Chen K, Vaikari VP, et al. Loss of MAOA in epithelia inhibits adenocarcinoma development, cell proliferation and cancer stem cells in prostate. Oncogene. 2018;37:5175\u201390.","journal-title":"Oncogene."},{"key":"211_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23774","volume":"79","author":"S Gaur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gaur S, Gross ME, Liao CP, Qian B, Shih JC. Effect of Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) inhibitors on androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Prostate. 2019;79:667\u201377.","journal-title":"Prostate."},{"key":"211_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI70982","volume":"124","author":"JB Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu JB, Shao C, Li X, Li Q, Hu P, Shi C, et al. Monoamine oxidase A mediates prostate tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. J Clin Invest. 2014;124:2891\u2013908.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"211_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.77a.09103","volume":"77","author":"M Wimbiscus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wimbiscus M, Kostenko O, Malone D. MAO inhibitors: risks, benefits, and lore. Cleve Clin J Med. 2010;77:859\u201382.","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"211_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gillman PK, Feinberg SS, Fochtmann LJ. Revitalizing monoamine oxidase inhibitors: a call for action. CNS Spectr. 2019:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1092852919001196. PMID: 31272520.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852919001196"},{"key":"211_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3973","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.0756","volume":"24","author":"AJ Stephenson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stephenson AJ, Kattan MW, Eastham JA, Dotan ZA, Bianco FJ Jr, Lilja H, et al. Defining biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: a proposal for a standardized definition. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3973\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"211_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.04.029","volume":"65","author":"M Roach III","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roach M III, Hanks G, Thames H Jr, Schellhammer P, Shipley WU, Sokol GH, et al. Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: recommendations of the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix Consensus Conference. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;65:965\u201374.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"211_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(89)90015-9","volume":"10","author":"R Simon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Simon R. Optimal two-stage designs for phase II clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1989;10:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"211_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67:361\u201370.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"211_CR22","unstructured":"Parke-Davis DoPI. Nardil (Phenelzine Sulfate) package insert. New York, NY 10017."},{"key":"211_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.01.067","volume":"126","author":"AJ Mitchell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mitchell AJ, Meader N, Symonds P. Diagnostic validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in cancer and palliative settings: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2010;126:335\u201348.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"211_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1883","volume":"7","author":"MB Youdim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Youdim MB, Edmondson D, Tipton KF. The therapeutic potential of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7:295\u2013309.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"211_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n1110","volume":"65","author":"TK Birkenh\u00e4ger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Birkenh\u00e4ger TK, van den Broek WW, Mulder PG, Bruijn JA, Moleman P. Efficacy and tolerability of tranylcypromine versus phenelzine: a double-blind study in antidepressant-refractory depressed inpatients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65:1505\u201310.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"211_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64180-8","volume":"168","author":"A Lofters","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lofters A, Juffs HG, Pond GR, Tannock IF. \u201cPSA-itis\u201d: knowledge of serum prostate specific antigen and other causes of anxiety in men with metaststic prostate cancer. J Urol. 2002;168:2516\u201320.","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"211_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21198","volume":"104","author":"W Dale","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dale W, Bilir P, Han M, Meltzer D. The role of anxiety in prostate carcinoma: a structured review of the literature. Cancer. 2005;104:467\u201378.","journal-title":"Cancer."}],"container-title":["Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41391-020-0211-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41391-020-0211-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41391-020-0211-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T17:34:47Z","timestamp":1684604087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41391-020-0211-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-020-0211-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-7852","1476-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-7852","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The clinical research protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California. All patients gave prospective consent to participate in all study procedures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"MEG serves as a consultant for Amgen and BeiGene and receives institutional research funding from Clovis Oncology, Glaxo-Smith-Kline, and BeiGene. TBD serves as a consultant for Bayer, Noxopharm, Roche, and Seattle Genetics, is a speaker for Exelixis, and receives institutional research funding from Bayer. DIQ serves as a consultant for Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Genzyme-Sanofi, Jannsen, Clovis and Pfizer. JCS has a patent entitled Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and methods for treatment and diagnosis of prostate cancer. US Patent No. 9.771,625. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}