{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:52:36Z","timestamp":1793436756766,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005565","name":"Janssen Global Services, LLC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005565","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (apalutamide [APA], enzalutamide [ENZ], abiraterone acetate plus prednisone [AAP]) combined with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) are effective life-prolonging treatment options for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). We evaluated the impact of upfront therapy for mHSPC on outcomes in real-world clinical practice in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, observational cohort study used electronic healthcare records from the ConcertAI RWD 360 Prostate Cancer Dataset. All patients with newly diagnosed mHSPC from January 2018 to June 2023 were enrolled and followed-up until death, end of follow-up, or January 2024, whichever occurred first. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate overall survival (OS), time to PSA50\/PSA90 (50%\/90% decline in PSA from baseline, respectively), time to undetectable PSA (\u2009\u2264\u20090.2\u2009ng\/ml), and time to castration resistance (TTCR). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were estimated using inverse probability of treatment weighted multivariate Cox proportional models adjusted for age, comorbidities, BMI, and baseline PSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4937 patients with mHSPC were included in the analysis: 315 received upfront APA\u2009+\u2009ADT, 1181 ENZ\u2009+\u2009ADT, 1760 AAP\u2009+\u2009ADT, 432 docetaxel (DTX)\u2009+\u2009ADT, and 1249 ADT alone. Percentages of patients reaching PSA50, PSA90, and undetectable PSA at 3 months were significantly higher for APA\u2009+\u2009ADT (70%\/49%\/44%, respectively) compared to ENZ\u2009+\u2009ADT (60%\/38%\/32%), AAP\u2009+\u2009ADT (59%\/37%\/33%) and ADT alone (32%\/15%\/32%). OS and TTCR were also significantly longer for APA\u2009+\u2009ADT (66%\/77% respectively at 24 months) vs ENZ\u2009+\u2009ADT (55%\/63%) AAP\u2009+\u2009ADT (59%\/67%) and ADT alone (54%\/57%). Starting treatment with APA\u2009+\u2009ADT was associated with a significantly reduced risk of death compared with ENZ\u2009+\u2009ADT (aHR, 95%CI) (0.66, 0.51\u20130.87), AAP\u2009+\u2009ADT (0.72, 0.55\u20130.94), and ADT alone (0.64, 0.49\u20130.84).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerous patients were not treated with intensified therapies despite their increased effectiveness. First-line APA\u2009+\u2009ADT in mHSPC was associated with statistically significantly longer OS, longer TTCR, and faster and deeper PSA responses than other life-prolonging treatments in real-world clinical practice in the US.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00929-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T20:43:50Z","timestamp":1734641030000},"page":"865-873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Survival outcomes of apalutamide as a starting treatment: impact in real-world patients with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (OASIS)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Maughan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suneel","family":"Mundle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiayi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehregan","family":"Nematian-Samani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3095-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence I.","family":"Karsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"929_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Agency for Research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN 2020. https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/ cited August 05, 2022."},{"key":"929_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0139440","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139440","volume":"10","author":"HI Scher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scher HI, Solo K, Valant J, Todd MB, Mehra M. Prevalence of prostate cancer clinical states and mortality in the United States: estimates using a dynamic progression model. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0139440.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"929_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.0591","volume":"10","author":"M Hussain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hussain M, Fizazi K, Shore ND, Heidegger I, Smith MR, Tombal B, et al. Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and combination treatment outcomes: a review. JAMA Oncol. 2024;10:807\u201320.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"929_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S306345","volume":"14","author":"K Harada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harada K, Shiota M, Minato A, Matsumoto M, Tomisaki I, Fujisawa M, et al. Treatment strategies for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: from \u201call-comers\u201d to \u201cpersonalized\u201d approach. Onco Targets Ther. 2021;14:2967\u201374.","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"929_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_200967","volume":"38","author":"AW Hahn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hahn AW, Higano CS, Taplin ME, Ryan CJ, Agarwal N. Metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: optimizing patient selection and treatment. 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Deep, rapid, and durable prostate-specific antigen decline with apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy is associated with longer survival and improved clinical outcomes in TITAN patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Ann Oncol. 2023;34:477\u201385.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"929_CR12","unstructured":"FDA approves apalutamide for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer 2019. Available at: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/resources-information-approved-drugs\/fda-approves-apalutamide-metastatic-castration-sensitive-prostate-cancer#:~:text=On%20September%2017%2C%202019%2C%20the,metastatic%20castration%2Dresistant%20prostate%20cancer. Accessed 17 August 2023."},{"key":"929_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab158","volume":"15","author":"NC Chesnaye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chesnaye NC, Stel VS, Tripepi G, Dekker FW, Fu EL, Zoccali C, et al. 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He has received institutional funding from Janssen, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dendreon, Epizyme, Astellas, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, BioExcel, Vaxiion, Kdx, OncoCell, Neuspera, Myovant, FKD, and Cleveland Diagnostics. BLM has received financial compensation as a paid consultant\/advisor to Abbive, Pfizer, AVEO oncology, Janssen, Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis, Tempus, Merck, Exelixis, Bayer Oncology, Lilly, Sanofi, Telix and Peloton Therapeutics; Huntsman Cancer Institute has received research funding from Exelixis, Bavarian-Nordic, Clovis and Bristol-Myers Squibb on his behalf. YL, SM, XW, and MN-S are employees of Johnson & Johnson LLC. YL and SM hold stock\/shares in Johnson & Johnson LLC.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}