{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:19:05Z","timestamp":1792815545253,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Racial differences in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) genomes have not yet been fully studied. We aimed to investigate transcriptomic, mutational, and clinical differences by race in a large multi-institutional cohort of men with mCRPC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genomic and clinicopathologic data from four mCRPC tumor biopsy cohorts were obtained and aggregated. Gene set enrichment analyses were performed to assess pathway-level differences in gene expression by patient race. DNA alteration frequencies of known prostate cancer driver genes and clinical outcomes were compared across racial groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In our cohort of 445 men with mCRPC, tumors from African American patients (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926) demonstrated higher expression of\n                      <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic>\n                      pathway genes (FDR\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) and lower expression of IFN-\u03b3, IL-6\/JAK\/STAT3, and inflammatory pathway genes (FDR\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) compared to tumors from European American patients.\n                      <jats:italic>TMPRSS2:ERG<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene fusions were observed more frequently in tumors from European American compared to African American patients (41% vs. 11%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015). Asian patients (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099) and other racial groups comprised a small minority of our cohort. No differences in overall survival were noted across racial groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Despite demonstrating similar clinical outcomes, cancers from African Americans display distinct tumor biology. Specifically, we observed racial differences in expression of prostate cancer driver gene pathways (including potential clinically actionable pathways of IFN-\u03b3 and JAK\/STAT) and DNA alterations, including\n                      <jats:italic>TMPRSS2:ERG<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene fusion. Our findings highlight the importance of racial diversity in future genomic profiling and clinical trials efforts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-025-00949-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:39:50Z","timestamp":1744270790000},"page":"902-907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Racial variation in the advanced prostate cancer genome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Emily M.","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Vo-Phamhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aishwarya N.","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Foye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0405-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake","family":"Vinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5172-6889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian C.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8104-6419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Freedland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1278-0166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshi J.","family":"Alumkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3259-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Himisha","family":"Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colm","family":"Morrissey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5451-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter S.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9282-3415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arul M.","family":"Chinnaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7003-7982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3191-6268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric J.","family":"Small","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4726-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Quigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang G.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"949_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2000069","volume":"383","author":"BA Mahal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahal BA, Alshalalfa M, Kensler KH, Chowdhury-Paulino I, Kantoff P, Mucci LA, et al. 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PSN reports receiving research support (grant) from Janssen and payments for consulting from Janssen, Merck, Pfizer, and Bristol Myers Squibb for work unrelated to the present study. CM reports receiving funding from Astra Zeneca, Genentech, and Novartis unrelated to the present study. MS reports receiving speaker fees from Astellas. SGZ reports receiving stock from Exact Sciences and holds patent applications licensed to Veracyte unrelated to the present study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants as needed and as described in the original publications from which data were derived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}