{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:56:37Z","timestamp":1790722597445,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-026-01079-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T11:01:49Z","timestamp":1770116509000},"page":"690-697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric-MRI and Micro-ultrasound for clinically significant prostate cancer\u2014a bivariate meta-analysis of prospective studies"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2838-6251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Garcia-Becerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4433-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria I.","family":"Arias-Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5027-7540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus E.","family":"Juarez-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2634-5427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Soltero-Molinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4918-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel J.","family":"El Rassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariabelen I.","family":"Rivera-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis F.","family":"Parra-Cama\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Garcia-Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio D.","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9779-1889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1079_CR1","unstructured":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: Cancer J Clin. 2021;209\u201349. Available from: https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"1079_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-022-00501-0","volume":"26","author":"JR Heard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heard JR, Naser-Tavakolian A, Nazmifar M, Ahdoot M. Focal prostate cancer therapy in the era of multiparametric MRI: a review of options and outcomes. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2023;26:218\u201327.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"1079_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32401-1","volume":"389","author":"HU Ahmed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmed HU, El-Shater Bosaily A, Brown LC, Gabe R, Kaplan R, Parmar MK, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): a paired validating confirmatory study. Lancet. 2017;389:815\u201322.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1079_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801993","volume":"378","author":"V Kasivisvanathan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasivisvanathan V, Rannikko AS, Borghi M, Panebianco V, Mynderse LA, Vaarala MH, et al. MRI-targeted or standard biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1767\u201377.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1079_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.09.042","volume":"79","author":"N Mottet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mottet N, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, Van den Broeck T, Cumberbatch MG, De Santis M, et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer\u20142020 update. Part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. Eur Urol. 2021;79:243\u201362.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"1079_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.7589","volume":"7","author":"L Klotz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klotz L, Chin J, Black PC, Finelli A, Anidjar M, Bladou F, et al. Comparison of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging\u2013targeted biopsy with systematic transrectal ultrasonography biopsy for biopsy-naive men at risk for prostate cancer: a phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2021;7:534\u201342.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"1079_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30569-2","volume":"20","author":"O Rouvi\u00e8re","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rouvi\u00e8re O, Puech P, Renard-Penna R, Claudon M, Roy C, M\u00e8ge-Lechevallier F, et al. Use of prostate systematic and targeted biopsy on the basis of multiparametric MRI in biopsy-naive patients (MRI-FIRST): a prospective, multicentre, paired diagnostic study. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:100\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1079_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.212163","volume":"305","author":"S Ghai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghai S, Perlis N, Atallah C, Jokhu S, Corr K, Lajkosz K, et al. Comparison of Micro-US and multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer detection in biopsy-naive men. Radiology. 2022;305:390\u20138.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1079_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020202903","volume":"298","author":"JC Weinreb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weinreb JC, Rodby RA, Yee J, Wang CL, Fine D, McDonald RJ, et al. Use of intravenous gadolinium-based contrast media in patients with kidney disease: consensus statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation. Radiology. 2021;298:28\u201335.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1079_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-023-04521-w","volume":"41","author":"PP Avolio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Avolio PP, Lughezzani G, Anidjar M, Hassan T, Rompr\u00e9-Brodeur A, Buffi NM, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of micro-ultrasound for prostate cancer diagnosis: a review. World J Urol. 2023;41:3267\u201376.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"1079_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001639","volume":"205","author":"P Sountoulides","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sountoulides P, Pyrgidis N, Polyzos SA, Mykoniatis I, Asouhidou E, Papatsoris A, et al. Micro-ultrasound-guided vs multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Urol. 2021;205:1254\u201362.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"1079_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-022-04087-z","volume":"41","author":"C Dariane","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dariane C, Ploussard G, Barret E, Beauval JB, Brureau L, Cr\u00e9hange G, et al. Micro-ultrasound-guided biopsies versus systematic biopsies in the detection of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Urol. 2023;41:641\u201351.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"1079_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2021.0361","volume":"36","author":"C You","year":"2022","unstructured":"You C, Li X, Du Y, Peng L, Wang H, Zhang X, et al. The Microultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in detection of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endourol. 2022;36:394\u2013402.","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"1079_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.3579","volume":"333","author":"A Kinnaird","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kinnaird A, Luger F, Cash H, Ghai S, Urdaneta-Salegui LF, Pavlovich CP, et al. Microultrasonography-guided vs MRI-guided biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis: the OPTIMUM randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2025;333:1679\u201387.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1079_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372. Available from: https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/372\/bmj.n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"1079_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13","volume":"5","author":"SP Hozo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hozo SP, Djulbegovic B, Hozo I. Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2005;5:13.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"1079_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:529\u201336.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009"},{"key":"1079_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366. Available from: https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/366\/bmj.l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"1079_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, Savovi\u0107 J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"1079_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.02.022","volume":"58","author":"JB Reitsma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reitsma JB, Glas AS, Rutjes AWS, Scholten RJPM, Bossuyt PM, Zwinderman AH. Bivariate analysis of sensitivity and specificity produces informative summary measures in diagnostic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005;58:982\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1079_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1080\/03610918.2018.1489553","volume":"49","author":"H Holling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holling H, B\u00f6hning W, Masoudi E, B\u00f6hning D, Sangnawakij P. Evaluation of a new version of I2 with emphasis on diagnostic problems. Commun Stat Simul Comput. 2020;49:942\u201372.","journal-title":"Commun Stat Simul Comput"},{"key":"1079_CR22","first-page":"344","volume":"7","author":"H Noma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noma H, Matsushima Y, Ishii R. Confidence interval for the AUC of SROC curve and some related methods using bootstrap for meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. Commun Stat Case Stud Data Anal Appl. 2021;7:344\u201358.","journal-title":"Commun Stat Case Stud Data Anal Appl"},{"key":"1079_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001232","volume":"31","author":"L Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin L, Chu H. Meta-analysis of proportions using generalized linear mixed models. Epidemiol Camb Mass. 2020;31:713\u20137.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Camb Mass"},{"key":"1079_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2006.04.004","volume":"28","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"2007","unstructured":"DerSimonian R, Kacker R. Random-effects model for meta-analysis of clinical trials: an update. Contemp Clin Trials. 2007;28:105\u201314.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"1079_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ost DE. Interpretation and Application of the Likelihood Ratio to Clinical Practice in Thoracic Oncology. J Bronchol Interv Pulmonol. 2022;29. Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/bronchology\/fulltext\/2022\/01000\/interpretation_and_application_of_the_likelihood.10.aspx","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000788"},{"key":"1079_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00177-X","volume":"56","author":"AS Glas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Glas AS, Lijmer JG, Prins MH, Bonsel GJ, Bossuyt PMM. The diagnostic odds ratio: a single indicator of test performance. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56:1129\u201335.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1079_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2022.09.019","volume":"46","author":"P Albers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Albers P, Wang B, Broomfield S, Medina Mart\u00edn A, Fung C, Kinnaird A. Micro-ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer active surveillance. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2022;46:33\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"key":"1079_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.7336","volume":"15","author":"L Klotz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klotz L, Lughezzani G, Maffei D, S\u00e1nchez A, Pereira JG, Staerman F, et al. Comparison of micro-ultrasound and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer: a multicenter, prospective analysis. Can Urol Assoc J. 2021;15:E11\u20136.","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"1079_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24532","volume":"83","author":"D Maffei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maffei D, Fasulo V, Avolio PP, Saitta C, Paciotti M, De Carne F, et al. Diagnostic performance of microUltrasound at MRI-guided confirmatory biopsy in patients under active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. Prostate. 2023;83:886\u201395.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"1079_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/1742271X231226302","volume":"32","author":"P Parker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Parker P, Twiddy M, Rigby A, Whybrow P, Simms M. Evaluating the role of ultrasound in prostate cancer trial\u2014phase 1: Early experience of micro-ultrasound in the United Kingdom. Ultrasound. 2024;32:244\u201352.","journal-title":"Ultrasound"},{"key":"1079_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.968384","volume":"12","author":"M Lazzeri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lazzeri M, Fasulo V, Lughezzani G, Benetti A, Sold\u00e0 G, Asselta R, et al. Prospective evaluation of the role of imaging techniques and TMPRSS2:ERG mutation for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer. Front Oncol. 2022;12:968384.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1079_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15635","volume":"129","author":"SL Hofbauer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hofbauer SL, Luger F, Harland N, Plage H, Reimann M, Hollenbach M, et al. A non-inferiority comparative analysis of micro-ultrasonography and MRI-targeted biopsy in men at risk of prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2022;129:648\u201354.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"1079_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epstein JI, Egevad L, Amin MB, Delahunt B, Srigley JR, Humphrey PA, et al. The 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma: definition of grading patterns and proposal for a new grading system. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40. Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajsp\/fulltext\/2016\/02000\/the_2014_international_society_of_urological.10.aspx","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000530"},{"key":"1079_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016152229","volume":"281","author":"TA McGrath","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGrath TA, McInnes MDF, Korevaar DA, Bossuyt PMM. Meta-analyses of diagnostic accuracy in imaging journals: analysis of pooling techniques and their effect on summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy. Radiology. 2016;281:78\u201385.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1079_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Becerra CA, Arias-Gallardo MI, Ju\u00e1rez-Garc\u00eda JE, Soltero-Molinar V, Rivera-Rocha MI, Parra-Cama\u00f1o LF, et al. Head-to-head comparison of diagnostic test accuracy between biparametric and multiparametric MRI: an updated systematic review and bivariate meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2025 Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-025-00999-0","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-025-00999-0"},{"key":"1079_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2024.08.027","volume":"32","author":"L Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang L, Zhang T, Liu S, Ding H, Li Z, Zhang Z. Diagnostic performance of multiparametric MRI for the detection of suspected prostate cancer in biopsy-naive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Radio. 2025;32:260\u201374.","journal-title":"Acad Radio"},{"key":"1079_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.12.093","volume":"196","author":"S Ghai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghai S, Eure G, Fradet V, Hyndman ME, McGrath T, Wodlinger B, et al. Assessing cancer risk on novel 29 MHz micro-ultrasound images of the prostate: creation of the micro-ultrasound protocol for prostate risk identification. J Urol. 2016;196:562\u20139.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"1079_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.12.015","volume":"86","author":"JC Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu JC, Assel M, Allaf ME, Ehdaie B, Vickers AJ, Cohen AJ, et al. Transperineal versus transrectal magnetic resonance imaging\u2013targeted and systematic prostate biopsy to prevent infectious complications: the PREVENT randomized trial. Eur Urol. 2024;86:61\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"1079_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000692","volume":"203","author":"OR Claros","year":"2020","unstructured":"Claros OR, Tourinho-Barbosa RR, Fregeville A, Gallardo AC, Muttin F, Carneiro A, et al. Comparison of initial experience with transrectal magnetic resonance imaging cognitive guided micro-ultrasound biopsies versus established transperineal robotic ultrasound magnetic resonance imaging fusion biopsies for prostate cancer. J Urol. 2020;203:918\u201325.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"1079_CR40","unstructured":"Phillips B, Ball C, Sackett D, Howick J. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: Levels of Evidence (March 2009). https:\/\/www.cebm.net\/oxford-centre-evidence-based-medicine-levels-of-evidence-march-2009\/."}],"container-title":["Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41391-026-01079-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41391-026-01079-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41391-026-01079-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:00:21Z","timestamp":1790719221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41391-026-01079-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-026-01079-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-7852","1476-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-7852","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted and reported in accordance with established methodological guidelines, including the PRISMA statement and its relevant extensions. Approval of the research protocol by an Institutional Review Board: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of previously published data and does not involve direct participation of human or animal subjects; therefore, institutional review board or ethics committee approval was not required.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}