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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can overcome the immunosuppressive TME and promote systemic antitumor immunity in hosts. Engineered OVs armed with ICIs would likely have improved effectiveness as a cancer therapy. According to the diverse immune cell landscapes among different types of tumors, we rationally and precisely generated three recombinant oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds): OAd-SIRP\u03b1-Fc, OAd-Siglec10-Fc and OAd-TIGIT-Fc. These viruses were designed to locally deliver SIRP\u03b1-Fc, Siglec10-Fc or TIGIT-Fc fusion proteins recognizing CD47, CD24 or CD155, respectively, in the TME to achieve enhanced antitumor effects. Our results suggested that OAd-SIRP\u03b1-Fc and OAd-Siglec10-Fc both showed outstanding efficacy in tumor suppression of macrophage-dominated tumors, while OAd-TIGIT-Fc showed the best antitumor immunity in CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell-dominated tumors. Importantly, the recombinant OAds activated an inflammatory immune response and generated long-term antitumor memory. In addition, the combination of OAd-Siglec10-Fc with anti-PD-1 significantly enhanced the antitumor effect in a 4T1 tumor model by remodeling the TME. In summary, rationally designed OAds expressing ICIs tailored to the immune cell landscape in the TME can precisely achieve tumor-specific immunotherapy of cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01683-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T20:01:58Z","timestamp":1701201718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Oncolytic adenoviruses expressing checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5375-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daoyuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaomei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Die","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanda","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bailing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9989-0394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1683_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060","volume":"359","author":"A Ribas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ribas, A. & Wolchok, J. 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