{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T03:57:28Z","timestamp":1793764648818,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":452,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sig Transduct Target Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diabetic complications represent a formidable clinical challenge characterized by hyperglycemia-induced multiorgan dysfunction and dysregulated intercellular signaling networks. Advances in spatial multiomics and single-cell transcriptomic techniques, along with insights into aberrant signaling via myokines, cytokines, hormones, the gut microbiota, and exosomes, have revealed the molecular heterogeneity and dynamic inter-organ crosstalk underlying diabetes. Digital diabetes prevention programs have demonstrated effectiveness in high-risk populations through the use of remote tools to support lifestyle changes, reduce hemoglobin A1c, and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. The therapeutic landscape for diabetic complications has been reshaped by agents with proven cardiorenal benefits, including sodium\u2012glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon\u2012like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, with combination therapies offering potential additive or synergistic effects. However, their optimal application requires careful benefit\u2013risk assessment across diverse patient populations. Novel therapeutic strategies involving mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes, gut microbiota modulation, bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicine, and AI-assisted disease management systems offer promising approaches to correct molecular dysfunctions. This review summarizes recent advances in the mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of diabetic complications, alongside a critical examination of current bottlenecks in translational applications. The remaining challenges include establishing long-term safe regenerative therapies and effectively integrating AI into clinical workflows. Although AI shows promise, issues such as limited data diversity and low model interpretability hinder its generalizability and clinical trust. Addressing these challenges will be essential for transitioning toward a proactive, personalized, and patient-centered model of care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02401-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:01:39Z","timestamp":1768780899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Diabetes and its complications: molecular mechanisms, prevention and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1121-3004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2401_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-S062","volume":"34","author":"A American Diabetes","year":"2011","unstructured":"American Diabetes, A. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 34, S62\u2013S69 (2011).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02317-1","volume":"404","author":"NCDRF Collaboration","year":"2024","unstructured":"Collaboration, N. C. D. R. F. Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants. Lancet 404, 2077\u20132093 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2401_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","volume":"402","author":"GBDD Collaborators","year":"2023","unstructured":"Collaborators, G. B. D. D. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 402, 203\u2013234 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2401_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32374-6","volume":"396","author":"JCN Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan, J. C. N. et al. The Lancet Commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives. Lancet 396, 2019\u20132082 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2401_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368481","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1368481","volume":"15","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Ren, Y., Sun, R. & Zhai, X. Unveiling the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches for diabetic nephropathy: insights from panvascular diseases. Front Endocrinol.15, 1368481 (2024).","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad030","volume":"45","author":"MG Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, M. G. et al. Protective factors and the pathogenesis of complications in diabetes. Endocr. Rev. 45, 227\u2013252 (2024).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3158","volume":"35","author":"W Jia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jia, W. et al. Standards of medical care for type 2 diabetes in China 2019. Diabetes Metab. Res Rev. 35, e3158 (2019).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S002","volume":"47","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice","year":"2024","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care 47, S20\u2013S42 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0278-5","volume":"16","author":"JB Cole","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cole, J. B. & Florez, J. C. Genetics of diabetes mellitus and diabetes complications. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 16, 377\u2013390 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.06.029","volume":"187","author":"ED Abel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abel, E. D. et al. Diabetes mellitus-Progress and opportunities in the evolving epidemic. Cell 187, 3789\u20133820 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2401_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.05.010","volume":"157","author":"PD Hsu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hsu, P. D., Lander, E. S. & Zhang, F. Development and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome engineering. Cell 157, 1262\u20131278 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2401_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0511-8","volume":"8","author":"D Gerace","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gerace, D. et al. CRISPR-targeted genome editing of mesenchymal stem cell-derived therapies for type 1 diabetes: a path to clinical success?. Stem Cell Res Ther. 8, 62 (2017).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Nahas, R., Al-Aghbar, M. A., Herrero, L., van Panhuys, N. & Espino-Guarch, M. Applications of genome-editing technologies for type 1 diabetes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010344"},{"key":"2401_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202305631","volume":"11","author":"Y Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu, Y. et al. LINC MIR503HG Controls SC-beta Cell differentiation and insulin production by targeting CDH1 and HES1. Adv. Sci. 11, e2305631 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31829-9","volume":"13","author":"Q Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma, Q. et al. ZnT8 loss-of-function accelerates functional maturation of hESC-derived beta cells and resists metabolic stress in diabetes. Nat. Commun. 13, 4142 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2401_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-9028","volume":"58","author":"RA Defronzo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Defronzo, R. A. Banting Lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 58, 773\u2013795 (2009).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2011","volume":"93","author":"JM Forbes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Forbes, J. M. & Cooper, M. E. Mechanisms of diabetic complications. Physiol. Rev. 93, 137\u2013188 (2013).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E22-04-0146","volume":"33","author":"S Yazdani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yazdani, S. et al. Dynamic glucose uptake, storage, and release by human microvascular endothelial cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 33, ar106 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2401_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00640","volume":"10","author":"ZY Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. Y. et al. Molecular mechanisms of glucose fluctuations on diabetic complications. Front Endocrinol.10, 640 (2019).","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102390","volume":"24","author":"SP Srivastava","year":"2021","unstructured":"Srivastava, S. P. et al. Endothelial SIRT3 regulates myofibroblast metabolic shifts in diabetic kidneys. iScience 24, 102390 (2021).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2401_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-05078-y","volume":"81","author":"Y Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou, Y. et al. Mitochondrial oxidative damage reprograms lipid metabolism of renal tubular epithelial cells in the diabetic kidney. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 81, 23 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-024-09943-7","volume":"27","author":"YL Liao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liao, Y. L., Fang, Y. F., Sun, J. X. & Dou, G. R. Senescent endothelial cells: a potential target for diabetic retinopathy. Angiogenesis 27, 663\u2013679 (2024).","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"2401_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-01918-3","volume":"10","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM): a dark horse for diabetic cardiomyopathy treatment. Cell Death Discov. 10, 148 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"2401_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01353-w","volume":"9","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Synergistic mechanism between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and their crosstalk with other organelles. Cell Death Discov. 9, 51 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"2401_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01359-9","volume":"46","author":"WB Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao, W. B. & Sheng, R. The correlation between mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) and Ca(2+) transport in the pathogenesis of diseases. Acta Pharm. Sin. 46, 271\u2013291 (2025).","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin."},{"key":"2401_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelley, N., Jeltema, D., Duan, Y. & He, Y. The NLRP3 inflammasome: an overview of mechanisms of activation and regulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20, 3328 (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133328"},{"key":"2401_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae079","volume":"121","author":"GJ Tai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tai, G. J. et al. NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated premature immunosenescence drives diabetic vascular aging dependent on the induction of perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 121, 77\u201396 (2025).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2401_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154748","volume":"118","author":"M Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu, M. et al. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome ameliorates podocyte damage by suppressing lipid accumulation in diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism 118, 154748 (2021).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2401_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101129","volume":"4","author":"D Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv, D. et al. Targeting phenylpyruvate restrains excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pathological inflammation in diabetic wound healing. Cell Rep. Med 4, 101129 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med"},{"key":"2401_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.02.008","volume":"144","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, C. et al. Macrophage M1 regulatory diabetic nephropathy is mediated by m6A methylation modification of lncRNA expression. Mol. Immunol. 144, 16\u201325 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"2401_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21716","volume":"81","author":"EL Schiffrin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schiffrin, E. L. & Pollock, D. M. Endothelin system in hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Hypertension 81, 691\u2013701 (2024).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2401_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.011833","volume":"68","author":"AP Davenport","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davenport, A. P. et al. Endothelin. Pharm. Rev. 68, 357\u2013418 (2016).","journal-title":"Pharm. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-024-00827-z","volume":"20","author":"DH van Raalte","year":"2024","unstructured":"van Raalte, D. H. et al. Combination therapy for kidney disease in people with diabetes mellitus. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 20, 433\u2013446 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2020.08.004","volume":"47","author":"R Bonner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bonner, R., Albajrami, O., Hudspeth, J. & Upadhyay, A. Diabetic kidney disease. Prim. Care 47, 645\u2013659 (2020).","journal-title":"Prim. Care"},{"key":"2401_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00559-y","volume":"18","author":"M Cortinovis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cortinovis, M., Perico, N., Ruggenenti, P., Remuzzi, A. & Remuzzi, G. Glomerular hyperfiltration. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 18, 435\u2013451 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0256-y","volume":"16","author":"V Vallon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vallon, V. & Thomson, S. C. The tubular hypothesis of nephron filtration and diabetic kidney disease. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 16, 317\u2013336 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.07.033","volume":"102","author":"VTN Stefansson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stefansson, V. T. N. et al. Molecular programs associated with glomerular hyperfiltration in early diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 102, 1345\u20131358 (2022).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2401_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1329380","volume":"2022","author":"X Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao, X. et al. Klotho Ameliorates Podocyte Injury through Targeting TRPC6 Channel in Diabetic Nephropathy. J. Diabetes Res. 2022, 1329380 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"2401_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab014","volume":"36","author":"C Qi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qi, C. et al. Increased dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 2, a new podocyte-associated protein, in diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. 36, 1006\u20131016 (2021).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"2401_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000257","volume":"27","author":"M Akhtar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akhtar, M., Taha, N. M., Nauman, A., Mujeeb, I. B. & Al-Nabet, A. Diabetic kidney disease: past and present. Adv. Anat. Pathol. 27, 87\u201397 (2020).","journal-title":"Adv. Anat. Pathol."},{"key":"2401_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.01.06.db05-0894","volume":"55","author":"K Susztak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Susztak, K., Raff, A. C., Schiffer, M. & Bottinger, E. P. Glucose-induced reactive oxygen species cause apoptosis of podocytes and podocyte depletion at the onset of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 55, 225\u2013233 (2006).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI125316","volume":"129","author":"GM Ducasa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ducasa, G. M. et al. ATP-binding cassette A1 deficiency causes cardiolipin-driven mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes. J. Clin. Invest 129, 3387\u20133400 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"2401_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155377","volume":"139","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. ABCA1 deficiency-mediated glomerular cholesterol accumulation exacerbates glomerular endothelial injury and dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease. Metabolism 139, 155377 (2023).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2401_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohandes, S. et al. Molecular pathways that drive diabetic kidney disease. J. Clin. Investig. 133, e165654 (2023).","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI165654"},{"key":"2401_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20240717","volume":"138","author":"Y Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei, Y. et al. To target cellular senescence in diabetic kidney disease: the known and the unknown. Clin. Sci.138, 991\u20131007 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.926211","volume":"13","author":"D Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang, D. et al. Metformin improves the senescence of renal tubular epithelial cells in a high-glucose state through E2F1. Front Pharm. 13, 926211 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eleftheriadis, T. et al. Dapagliflozin prevents high-glucose-induced cellular senescence in renal tubular epithelial cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 16107 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232416107"},{"key":"2401_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-022-00703-7","volume":"35","author":"S Nian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nian, S. et al. The inhibitory effects of Dulaglutide on cellular senescence against high glucose in human retinal endothelial cells. Hum. Cell 35, 995\u20131004 (2022).","journal-title":"Hum. Cell"},{"key":"2401_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759299","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.759299","volume":"12","author":"E Sugita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sugita, E., Hayashi, K., Hishikawa, A. & Itoh, H. Epigenetic alterations in podocytes in diabetic nephropathy. Front Pharm. 12, 759299 (2021).","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F287","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00533.2014","volume":"308","author":"J Fu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fu, J., Lee, K., Chuang, P. Y., Liu, Z. & He, J. C. Glomerular endothelial cell injury and cross talk in diabetic kidney disease. Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol. 308, F287\u2013F297 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"2401_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0260-2","volume":"16","author":"K Tanabe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tanabe, K., Wada, J. & Sato, Y. Targeting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in kidney disease. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 16, 289\u2013303 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00308","volume":"10","author":"S Schwager","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwager, S. & Detmar, M. Inflammation and Lymphatic Function. Front Immunol. 10, 308 (2019).","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"2401_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05735-0","volume":"65","author":"N Sandholm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sandholm, N. et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis and omics integration identifies novel genes associated with diabetic kidney disease. Diabetologia 65, 1495\u20131509 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155195","volume":"131","author":"L Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao, L. et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic tubulopathy. Metabolism 131, 155195 (2022).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2401_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"sfae195","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfae195","volume":"17","author":"M Kanbay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kanbay, M. et al. Proximal tubule hypertrophy and hyperfunction: a novel pathophysiological feature in disease states. Clin. Kidney J. 17, sfae195 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"2401_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7994","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217994","volume":"21","author":"F Juszczak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Juszczak, F., Caron, N., Mathew, A. V. & Decleves, A. E. Critical role for AMPK in metabolic disease-induced chronic kidney disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 7994 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.10.023","volume":"101","author":"Q Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong, Q. et al. Modulation of transforming growth factor-beta-induced kidney fibrosis by leucine-rich \u03b1-2 glycoprotein-1. Kidney Int 101, 299\u2013314 (2022).","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2401_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0234-4","volume":"16","author":"SCW Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang, S. C. W. & Yiu, W. H. Innate immunity in diabetic kidney disease. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 16, 206\u2013222 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2023.09.003","volume":"14","author":"M Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, M. & Zhang, C. The role of innate immunity in diabetic nephropathy and their therapeutic consequences. J. Pharm. Anal. 14, 39\u201351 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"2401_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2012.00131","volume":"18","author":"TT Braga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Braga, T. T. et al. MyD88 signaling pathway is involved in renal fibrosis by favoring a TH2 immune response and activating alternative M2 macrophages. Mol. Med 18, 1231\u20131239 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol. Med"},{"key":"2401_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.06.002","volume":"60","author":"E Sierra-Mondragon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sierra-Mondragon, E. et al. All-trans retinoic acid ameliorates inflammatory response mediated by TLR4\/NF-kappaB during initiation of diabetic nephropathy. J. Nutr. Biochem 60, 47\u201360 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem"},{"key":"2401_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193768","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2193768","volume":"2022","author":"W Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, W. et al. Metabolic Dysfunction in the Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Potential Target for Diabetic Nephropathy. J. Diabetes Res 2022, 2193768 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res"},{"key":"2401_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Q. et al. Complement factor B in high glucose-induced podocyte injury and diabetic kidney disease. JCI Insight. 6, e147716 (2021).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.147716"},{"key":"2401_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02073","volume":"11","author":"S Duan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duan, S. et al. Association of glomerular complement C4c deposition with the progression of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Front. Immunol. 11, 2073 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2401_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.06.018","volume":"188","author":"M Sircar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sircar, M. et al. Complement 7 is up-regulated in human early diabetic kidney disease. Am. J. Pathol. 188, 2147\u20132154 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2401_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8758","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108758","volume":"24","author":"IA Trambas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Trambas, I. A., Coughlan, M. T. & Tan, S. M. Therapeutic potential of targeting complement C5a receptors in diabetic kidney disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 8758 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.205","volume":"25","author":"AA Satoskar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Satoskar, A. A. et al. Characterization of glomerular diseases using proteomic analysis of laser capture microdissected glomeruli. Mod. Pathol. 25, 709\u2013721 (2012).","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"2401_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.01.014","volume":"64","author":"L Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. C3a and C5a receptor antagonists ameliorate endothelial-myofibroblast transition via the Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease. Metabolism 64, 597\u2013610 (2015).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2401_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902063","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.902063","volume":"13","author":"Z Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, Z., Tao, L. & Su, H. The complement system in metabolic-associated kidney diseases. Front. Immunol. 13, 902063 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2401_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.31","volume":"13","author":"A Flyvbjerg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flyvbjerg, A. The role of the complement system in diabetic nephropathy. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 13, 311\u2013318 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.030","volume":"103","author":"S Rayego-Mateos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rayego-Mateos, S. et al. Targeting inflammation to treat diabetic kidney disease: the road to 2030. Kidney Int. 103, 282\u2013296 (2023).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2401_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-00824-9","volume":"30","author":"T Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, T. et al. An update on chronic complications of diabetes mellitus: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies with a focus on metabolic memory. Mol. Med. 30, 71 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0135-6","volume":"15","author":"M Kato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kato, M. & Natarajan, R. Epigenetics and epigenomics in diabetic kidney disease and metabolic memory. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 15, 327\u2013345 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01169-2","volume":"46","author":"N Yoshimoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yoshimoto, N. et al. Significance of podocyte DNA damage and glomerular DNA methylation in CKD patients with proteinuria. Hypertens. Res. 46, 1000\u20131008 (2023).","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"2401_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109553","volume":"69","author":"X Gu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gu, X. et al. N6-methyladenosine demethylase FTO promotes M1 and M2 macrophage activation. Cell Signal 69, 109553 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"2401_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01516-6","volume":"21","author":"CX Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma, C. X. et al. Cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: progress toward personalized management. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 21, 74 (2022).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2401_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0557-z","volume":"16","author":"M Kozakova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kozakova, M., Morizzo, C., Fraser, A. G. & Palombo, C. Impact of glycemic control on aortic stiffness, left ventricular mass and diastolic longitudinal function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 16, 78 (2017).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2401_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3850","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083850","volume":"22","author":"DJ Medina-Leyte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Medina-Leyte, D. J. et al. Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and coronary artery disease: potential biomarkers and promising therapeutical approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 3850 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020912","volume":"23","author":"J Saenz-Medina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saenz-Medina, J. et al. Endothelial dysfunction: an intermediate clinical feature between urolithiasis and cardiovascular diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 912 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102657","volume":"62","author":"R Montanaro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Montanaro, R. et al. Hydrogen sulfide donor AP123 restores endothelial nitric oxide-dependent vascular function in hyperglycemia via a CREB-dependent pathway. Redox Biol. 62, 102657 (2023).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"2401_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02238-7","volume":"23","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. Ion channel Piezo1 activation aggravates the endothelial dysfunction under a high glucose environment. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 23, 150 (2024).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2401_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab013","volume":"118","author":"Y Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao, Y. et al. Endothelial cell metabolic memory causes cardiovascular dysfunction in diabetes. Cardiovasc. Res. 118, 196\u2013211 (2022).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"2401_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04571-5","volume":"25","author":"Q Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang, Q. et al. Uncovering endothelial to mesenchymal transition drivers in atherosclerosis via multi-omics analysis. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 25, 104 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"2401_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02473-y","volume":"23","author":"G Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, G. et al. Endothelial KLF11 is a novel protector against diabetic atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 23, 381 (2024).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2401_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02603-0","volume":"24","author":"L Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, L. et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate diabetes-exacerbated atherosclerosis via AMPK\/mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy-related macrophage polarization. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 24, 48 (2025).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2401_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1659613","volume":"16","author":"X Bai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bai, X. et al. CAV1-CAVIN1-LC3B-mediated autophagy regulates high glucose-stimulated LDL transcytosis. Autophagy 16, 1111\u20131129 (2020).","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2401_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-00798-8","volume":"30","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. et al. USF1 transcriptionally activates USP14 to drive atherosclerosis by promoting EndMT through NLRC5\/Smad2\/3 axis. Mol. Med. 30, 32 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.02.017","volume":"43","author":"CK Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng, C. K. et al. SOX4 is a novel phenotypic regulator of endothelial cells in atherosclerosis revealed by single-cell analysis. J. Adv. Res 43, 187\u2013203 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res"},{"key":"2401_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.08.2182","volume":"157","author":"GS Supinski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Supinski, G. S., Schroder, E. A. & Callahan, L. A. Mitochondria and critical illness. Chest 157, 310\u2013322 (2020).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2401_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111560","volume":"545","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Liraglutide prevents high glucose induced HUVECs dysfunction via inhibition of PINK1\/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 545, 111560 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi23-0019","volume":"73","author":"LC Heather","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heather, L. C., Gopal, K., Srnic, N. & Ussher, J. R. Redefining diabetic cardiomyopathy: perturbations in substrate metabolism at the heart of its pathology. Diabetes 73, 659\u2013670 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14040492","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Tu, C., Chen, X. & He, R. Advanced glycation end products in disease development and potential interventions. Antioxidants14, 492 (2025).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2401_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v14.i8.1146","volume":"14","author":"S Bansal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bansal, S., Burman, A. & Tripathi, A. K. Advanced glycation end products: key mediator and therapeutic target of cardiovascular complications in diabetes. World J. Diabetes 14, 1146\u20131162 (2023).","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.209809","volume":"105","author":"CA Souders","year":"2009","unstructured":"Souders, C. A., Bowers, S. L. & Baudino, T. A. Cardiac fibroblast: the renaissance cell. Circ. Res 105, 1164\u20131176 (2009).","journal-title":"Circ. Res"},{"key":"2401_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001186","volume":"148","author":"CE Ndumele","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ndumele, C. E. et al. A synopsis of the evidence for the science and clinical management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 148, 1636\u20131664 (2023).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2401_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04484-z","volume":"13","author":"L Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng, L. et al. METTL14 suppresses pyroptosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy by downregulating TINCR lncRNA. Cell Death Dis. 13, 38 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2401_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-011-3429-4","volume":"36","author":"B Maisch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maisch, B., Alter, P. & Pankuweit, S. Diabetic cardiomyopathy\u2013fact or fiction?. Herz 36, 102\u2013115 (2011).","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"2401_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-011-9257-z","volume":"17","author":"I Falcao-Pires","year":"2012","unstructured":"Falcao-Pires, I. & Leite-Moreira, A. F. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: understanding the molecular and cellular basis to progress in diagnosis and treatment. Heart Fail. Rev. 17, 325\u2013344 (2012).","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae231","volume":"120","author":"Q Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun, Q., Karwi, Q. G., Wong, N. & Lopaschuk, G. D. Advances in myocardial energy metabolism: metabolic remodelling in heart failure and beyond. Cardiovasc. Res. 120, 1996\u20132016 (2024).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"2401_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","volume":"42","author":"TA McDonagh","year":"2021","unstructured":"McDonagh, T. A. et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 42, 3599\u20133726 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2401_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-041316-090654","volume":"69","author":"JD Gladden","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gladden, J. D., Chaanine, A. H. & Redfield, M. M. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Annu. Rev. Med. 69, 65\u201379 (2018).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073569","volume":"23","author":"M Dia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dia, M. et al. Effect of metformin on T2D-induced MAM Ca(2+) uncoupling and contractile dysfunction in an early mouse model of diabetic HFpEF. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 3569 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.08.008","volume":"170","author":"M Lazo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lazo, M. et al. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and the risk for incident heart failure: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am. Heart J. 170, 961\u2013967 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"2401_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2020","volume":"101","author":"J Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren, J., Wu, N. N., Wang, S., Sowers, J. R. & Zhang, Y. Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Physiol. Rev. 101, 1745\u20131807 (2021).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102450","volume":"100","author":"A Nagayach","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nagayach, A. et al. Advancing the understanding of diabetic encephalopathy through unravelling pathogenesis and exploring future treatment perspectives. Ageing Res. Rev. 100, 102450 (2024).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.023","volume":"67","author":"SD Nie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nie, S. D. et al. High glucose forces a positive feedback loop connecting ErbB4 expression and mTOR\/S6K pathway to aggravate the formation of tau hyperphosphorylation in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Neurobiol. Aging 67, 171\u2013180 (2018).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"2401_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.60149","volume":"17","author":"Y Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. The imbalance of PGD2-DPs pathway is involved in the type 2 diabetes brain injury by regulating autophagy. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 17, 3993\u20134004 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9070573","volume":"9","author":"J Taile","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taile, J., Arcambal, A., Clerc, P., Gauvin-Bialecki, A. & Gonthier, M. P. Medicinal plant polyphenols attenuate oxidative stress and improve inflammatory and vasoactive markers in cerebral endothelial cells during hyperglycemic condition. Antioxidants9, 573 (2020).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2401_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03136-1","volume":"21","author":"KS Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee, K. S. et al. Hyperglycemia enhances brain susceptibility to lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation via astrocyte reprogramming. J. Neuroinflamm. 21, 137 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"2401_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12576-022-00854-0","volume":"72","author":"X Ge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ge, X. et al. Electroacupuncture improves cognitive impairment in diabetic cognitive dysfunction rats by regulating the mitochondrial autophagy pathway. J. Physiol. Sci. 72, 29 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7170","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137170","volume":"23","author":"H Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, H. et al. Hydrogen sulfide plays an important role by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetes-related diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 7170 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.11.029","volume":"504","author":"L Sousa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sousa, L., Oliveira, M. M., Pessoa, M. T. C. & Barbosa, L. A. Iron overload: effects on cellular biochemistry. Clin. Chim. Acta 504, 180\u2013189 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2401_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11301","volume":"8","author":"SK Swain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Swain, S. K., Chandra Dash, U. & Sahoo, A. K. Hydrolea zeylanica improves cognitive impairment in high-fat diet fed-streptozotocin-induced diabetic encephalopathy in rats via regulating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmission in brain. Heliyon 8, e11301 (2022).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2401_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00663-9","volume":"19","author":"J Golledge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Golledge, J. Update on the pathophysiology and medical treatment of peripheral artery disease. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 19, 456\u2013474 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"2401_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.8.1433","volume":"24","author":"EB Jude","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jude, E. B., Oyibo, S. O., Chalmers, N. & Boulton, A. J. Peripheral arterial disease in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: a comparison of severity and outcome. Diabetes Care 24, 1433\u20131437 (2001).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR116","first-page":"282","volume":"17","author":"G Mozes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mozes, G. et al. Atherosclerosis in amputated legs of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Int. Angiol. 17, 282\u2013286 (1998).","journal-title":"Int. Angiol."},{"key":"2401_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikolajevic, J. & Sabovic, M. Inflammatory, metabolic, and coagulation effects on medial arterial calcification in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 3132 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043132"},{"key":"2401_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.6435","volume":"142","author":"MG Zayed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zayed, M. G. et al. Diabetic retinopathy and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 142, 199\u2013207 (2024).","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"2401_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260350","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1260350","volume":"14","author":"F Ling","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ling, F., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Xin, X. & Zhao, S. Identification of key genes modules linking diabetic retinopathy and circadian rhythm. Front. Immunol. 14, 1260350 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2401_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16012","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.12","volume":"2","author":"TY Wong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong, T. Y., Cheung, C. M., Larsen, M., Sharma, S. & Simo, R. Diabetic retinopathy. Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim. 2, 16012 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"2401_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896907","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.896907","volume":"13","author":"JW Hassan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hassan, J. W. & Bhatwadekar, A. D. Senolytics in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Front. Pharm. 13, 896907 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3509","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.96946","volume":"14","author":"XY Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han, X. Y. et al. Targeting endothelial glycolytic reprogramming by tsRNA-1599 for ocular anti-angiogenesis therapy. Theranostics 14, 3509\u20133525 (2024).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2401_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-022-00390-6","volume":"8","author":"F Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu, F. et al. Dynamic O-GlcNAcylation coordinates ferritinophagy and mitophagy to activate ferroptosis. Cell Discov. 8, 40 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"2401_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2021.112800","volume":"407","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Qiu, Q., Wang, H., Chen, C. & Luo, D. TRIM46 contributes to high glucose-induced ferroptosis and cell growth inhibition in human retinal capillary endothelial cells by facilitating GPX4 ubiquitination. Exp. Cell Res. 407, 112800 (2021).","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"2401_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27825","volume":"60","author":"C Gu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gu, C. et al. miR-590-3p inhibits pyroptosis in diabetic retinopathy by targeting NLRP1 and inactivating the NOX4 signaling pathway. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 60, 4215\u20134223 (2019).","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00882","volume":"9","author":"Q Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 mediated arginase II activation is responsible for oxidized LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction. Front Pharm. 9, 882 (2018).","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oshitari, T. Neurovascular cell death and therapeutic strategies for diabetic retinopathy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 12919 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612919"},{"key":"2401_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215292","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1215292","volume":"14","author":"L Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. Ferroptosis: new insight into the mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 14, 1215292 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2401_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.09.012","volume":"186","author":"J Wolf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wolf, J. et al. Liquid-biopsy proteomics combined with AI identifies cellular drivers of eye aging and disease in vivo. Cell 186, 4868\u20134884.e4812 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2401_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1276225","volume":"14","author":"Y Yao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao, Y. et al. Macrophage\/microglia polarization for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinology14, 1276225 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Endocrinology"},{"key":"2401_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.942768","volume":"13","author":"K Lv","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lv, K. et al. Integrated multi-omics reveals the activated retinal microglia with intracellular metabolic reprogramming contributes to inflammation in STZ-induced early diabetic retinopathy. Front. Immunol. 13, 942768 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2401_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109145","volume":"27","author":"S Ben","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ben, S. et al. Microglia-endothelial cross-talk regulates diabetes-induced retinal vascular dysfunction through remodeling inflammatory microenvironment. iScience 27, 109145 (2024).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2401_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05300-4","volume":"6","author":"Y Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, Y. et al. Single-cell transcriptomes reveal a molecular link between diabetic kidney and retinal lesions. Commun. Biol. 6, 912 (2023).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"2401_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2023290118","volume":"118","author":"C He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He, C. et al. A specific RIP3(+) subpopulation of microglia promotes retinopathy through a hypoxia-triggered necroptotic mechanism. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2023290118 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2401_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5356","volume":"369","author":"F Binet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Binet, F. et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps target senescent vasculature for tissue remodeling in retinopathy. Science 369, eaay5356 (2020).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2401_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1751","volume":"14","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Zhang, F. & Xu, X. Single-cell RNA sequencing in exploring the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Clin. Transl. Med. 14, e1751 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05218-0","volume":"63","author":"I Van Hove","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Hove, I. et al. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the Akimba mouse retina reveals cell-type-specific insights into the pathobiology of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 63, 2235\u20132248 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR138","first-page":"165","volume":"24","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. Association of plasma osteopontin with diabetic retinopathy in Asians with type 2 diabetes. Mol. Vis. 24, 165\u2013173 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"2401_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.92909","volume":"14","author":"CW Bai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bai, C. W. et al. G protein subunit alpha i2 pivotal role in angiogenesis. Theranostics 14, 2190\u20132209 (2024).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2401_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.03.006","volume":"22","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Younossi, Z. M. et al. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 22, 1999\u20132010.e1998 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"2401_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.6291","volume":"183","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Effect of Moderate and vigorous aerobic exercise on incident diabetes in adults with obesity: a 10-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 183, 272\u2013275 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2401_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20220572","volume":"136","author":"OO Badmus","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badmus, O. O., Hillhouse, S. A., Anderson, C. D., Hinds, T. D. & Stec, D. E. Molecular mechanisms of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD): functional analysis of lipid metabolism pathways. Clin. Sci. 136, 1347\u20131366 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2019.03.007","volume":"33","author":"ME Al-Sofiani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Sofiani, M. E., Ganji, S. S. & Kalyani, R. R. Body composition changes in diabetes and aging. J. Diabetes Complic. 33, 451\u2013459 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complic."},{"key":"2401_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869921","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.869921","volume":"13","author":"D Bassi-Dibai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bassi-Dibai, D. et al. Rehabilitation of individuals with diabetes mellitus: focus on diabetic myopathy. Front Endocrinol.13, 869921 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR145","volume":"4","author":"EO Hernandez-Ochoa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hernandez-Ochoa, E. O. & Vanegas, C. Diabetic myopathy and mechanisms of disease. Biochem. Pharm.4, e179 (2015).","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI162479","volume":"133","author":"YJ Bahn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bahn, Y. J. et al. CDK4-E2F3 signals enhance oxidative skeletal muscle fiber numbers and function to affect myogenesis and metabolism. J. Clin. Investig. 133, e162479 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"2401_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Castillo, I. M. P., Argiles, J. M., Rueda, R., Ramirez, M. & Pedrosa, J. M. L. Skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction in obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus: Myocellular mechanisms involved. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. (2025). Online ahead of print. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-025-09954-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-025-09954-9"},{"key":"2401_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.02.014","volume":"36","author":"E Espino-Gonzalez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Espino-Gonzalez, E. et al. Impaired skeletal muscle regeneration in diabetes: from cellular and molecular mechanisms to novel treatments. Cell Metab. 36, 1204\u20131236 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153473462412339","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346241233938","volume":"28","author":"E Rebelos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rebelos, E., Anastasiou, I. A., Tentolouris, A., Papanas, N. & Jude, E. What is new on diabetic neuropathy? Insights from the 2023 ADA and EASD conferences. Int. J. Low. Extrem Wounds 28, 15347346241233938 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Low. Extrem Wounds"},{"key":"2401_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-022-01243-x","volume":"13","author":"T Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong, T. et al. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes in China: results from the cross-sectional CAPTURE study. Diabetes Ther. 13, 969\u2013981 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.6.1790","volume":"26","author":"A Gordois","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gordois, A., Scuffham, P., Shearer, A., Oglesby, A. & Tobian, J. A. The health care costs of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the US. Diabetes Care 26, 1790\u20131795 (2003).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-2009","volume":"47","author":"CG Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee, C. G. et al. Prevalence of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy by diabetes prevention program treatment group, diabetes status, duration of diabetes, and cumulative glycemic exposure. Diabetes Care 47, 810\u2013817 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110758","volume":"206","author":"AJM Boulton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boulton, A. J. M. A brief overview of the diabetic neuropathies. Diabetes Res Clin. Pr. 206, 110758 (2023).","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin. Pr."},{"key":"2401_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2042","volume":"40","author":"R Pop-Busui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pop-Busui, R. et al. Diabetic neuropathy: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 40, 136\u2013154 (2017).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e040521193121","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399817666210504101609","volume":"18","author":"M Yorek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yorek, M. Treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: what have we learned from animal models?. Curr. Diabetes Rev. 18, e040521193121 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.05.003","volume":"111","author":"SA Eid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eid, S. A. et al. New perspectives in diabetic neuropathy. Neuron 111, 2623\u20132641 (2023).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2401_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00188-0","volume":"21","author":"MA Elafros","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elafros, M. A. et al. Towards prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and new treatments. Lancet Neurol. 21, 922\u2013936 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2401_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-0432","volume":"69","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Exosomes derived from schwann cells ameliorate peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic mice. Diabetes 69, 749\u2013759 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59020256","volume":"59","author":"ME Gonzalez-Alvarez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Alvarez, M. E., Sanchez-Romero, E. A., Turroni, S., Fernandez-Carnero, J. & Villafane, J. H. Correlation between the altered gut microbiome and lifestyle interventions in chronic widespread pain patients: a systematic review. Medicines59, 256 (2023).","journal-title":"Medicines"},{"key":"2401_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.06.010","volume":"35","author":"J Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, J. et al. Gut microbiota modulate distal symmetric polyneuropathy in patients with diabetes. Cell Metab. 35, 1548\u20131562.e1547 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13010039","volume":"13","author":"W Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, W. et al. Identification of immune infiltration and the potential biomarkers in diabetic peripheral neuropathy through bioinformatics and machine learning methods. Biomolecules 13, 39 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2401_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-024-01514-y","volume":"32","author":"Z Lan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lan, Z., Wei, Y., Yue, K., He, R. & Jiang, Z. Genetically predicted immune cells mediate the association between gut microbiota and neuropathy pain. Inflammopharmacology 32, 3357\u20133373 (2024).","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"2401_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3160","volume":"35","author":"XL Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu, X. L. et al. Global recurrence rates in diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab. Res Rev. 35, e3160 (2019).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13372","volume":"15","author":"H Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng, H. et al. Mechanisms of diabetic foot ulceration: a review. J. Diabetes 15, 299\u2013312 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v12.i6.827","volume":"12","author":"DO Soyoye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soyoye, D. O., Abiodun, O. O., Ikem, R. T., Kolawole, B. A. & Akintomide, A. O. Diabetes and peripheral artery disease: a review. World J. Diabetes 12, 827\u2013838 (2021).","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.01.017","volume":"17","author":"M Edmonds","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edmonds, M., Manu, C. & Vas, P. The current burden of diabetic foot disease. J. Clin. Orthop. Trauma 17, 88\u201393 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"2401_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00143-23","volume":"37","author":"F Villa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Villa, F. et al. Anaerobes in diabetic foot infections: pathophysiology, epidemiology, virulence, and management. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 37, e0014323 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3126\/ajms.v12i5.34415","volume":"12","author":"H Bashir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bashir, H., Multani, H. & Aleem, S. Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of isolates from diabetic foot of patients attending a teaching hospital in Northern India. Asian J. Med. Sci. 12, 83\u201387 (2021).","journal-title":"Asian J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.5455\/jrmds.2016427","volume":"4","author":"RK Yadav","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yadav, R. K., Mishra, A. & Sharma, R. Assessment of microbial profile in the patients with diabetic foot: a Microbiological Study. J. Adv. Med. Dent. Sci. Res. 4, 105\u2013108 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Adv. Med. Dent. Sci. Res."},{"key":"2401_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00898-1","volume":"20","author":"G Xourafa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xourafa, G., Korbmacher, M. & Roden, M. Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 20, 27\u201349 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa027","volume":"42","author":"S Pereira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pereira, S., Cline, D. L., Glavas, M. M., Covey, S. D. & Kieffer, T. J. Tissue-specific effects of leptin on glucose and lipid metabolism. Endocr. Rev. 42, 1\u201328 (2021).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-001140","volume":"8","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, X., Jia, J. & Huang, T. Shared genetic architecture and casual relationship between leptin levels and type 2 diabetes: large-scale cross-trait meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 8, e001140 (2020).","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"2401_CR173","first-page":"3","volume":"6","author":"RJ Perry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perry, R. J. & Shulman, G. I. The role of leptin in maintaining plasma glucose during starvation. Postdoc J. 6, 3\u201319 (2018).","journal-title":"Postdoc J."},{"key":"2401_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.020","volume":"34","author":"M Metz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Metz, M. et al. Leptin increases hepatic triglyceride export via a vagal mechanism in humans. Cell Metab. 34, 1719\u20131731.e1715 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014070","volume":"9","author":"O Egbuche","year":"2020","unstructured":"Egbuche, O. et al. Fatty acid binding protein-4 and risk of cardiovascular disease: the cardiovascular health study. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 9, e014070 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"2401_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-00520-8","volume":"52","author":"M Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, M. et al. The impact of endotrophin on the progression of chronic liver disease. Exp. Mol. Med. 52, 1766\u20131776 (2020).","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101680","volume":"69","author":"YA An","year":"2023","unstructured":"An, Y. A. et al. Endotrophin neutralization through targeted antibody treatment protects from renal fibrosis in a podocyte ablation model. Mol. Metab. 69, 101680 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0852","volume":"45","author":"NH Tougaard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tougaard, N. H. et al. Endotrophin as a marker of complications in a type 2 diabetes cohort. Diabetes Care 45, 2746\u20132748 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0145-5","volume":"1","author":"C Priest","year":"2019","unstructured":"Priest, C. & Tontonoz, P. Inter-organ cross-talk in metabolic syndrome. Nat. Metab. 1, 1177\u20131188 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306528","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1306528","volume":"14","author":"E Cetin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cetin, E., Pedersen, B., Porter, L. M., Adler, G. K. & Burak, M. F. Protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial using pure palmitoleic acid to ameliorate insulin resistance and lipogenesis in overweight and obese subjects with prediabetes. Front. Endocrinol.14, 1306528 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4636","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094636","volume":"23","author":"R Balakrishnan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balakrishnan, R. & Thurmond, D. C. Mechanisms by which skeletal muscle myokines ameliorate insulin resistance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 4636 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI94330","volume":"128","author":"M Riopel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Riopel, M. et al. Chronic fractalkine administration improves glucose tolerance and pancreatic endocrine function. J. Clin. Investig.128, 1458\u20131470 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"2401_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4927-9","volume":"62","author":"J Eckel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eckel, J. Myokines in metabolic homeostasis and diabetes. Diabetologia 62, 1523\u20131528 (2019).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202300420R","volume":"37","author":"W Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai, W. et al. Irisin ameliorates diabetic kidney disease by restoring autophagy in podocytes. FASEB J. 37, e23175 (2023).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2401_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2017.03.007","volume":"34","author":"A Ibrahim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ibrahim, A., Neinast, M. & Arany, Z. P. Myobolites: muscle-derived metabolites with paracrine and systemic effects. Curr. Opin. Pharm. 34, 15\u201320 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13856","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13856","volume":"26","author":"S Mansoori","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mansoori, S., Ho, M. Y., Ng, K. K. & Cheng, K. K. Branched-chain amino acid metabolism: Pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutic intervention in metabolic diseases. Obes. Rev. 26, e13856 (2025).","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2020.100053","volume":"7","author":"JP Barlow","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barlow, J. P. et al. Beta-aminoisobutyric acid is released by contracting human skeletal muscle and lowers insulin release from INS-1 832\/3 cells by mediating mitochondrial energy metabolism. Metab. Open 7, 100053 (2020).","journal-title":"Metab. Open"},{"key":"2401_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12567","volume":"18","author":"Y Duan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duan, Y. et al. Interleukin-15 in obesity and metabolic dysfunction: current understanding and future perspectives. Obes. Rev. 18, 1147\u20131158 (2017).","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bqac140","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac140","volume":"163","author":"D Kahn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kahn, D. et al. Exploring visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue secretomes in human obesity: implications for metabolic disease. Endocrinology 163, bqac140 (2022).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2401_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.010","volume":"77","author":"K Pafili","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pafili, K. et al. Mitochondrial respiration is decreased in visceral but not subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals with fatty liver disease. J. Hepatol. 77, 1504\u20131514 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"2401_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00354-2","volume":"3","author":"KH Flippo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flippo, K. H. & Potthoff, M. J. Metabolic messengers: FGF21. Nat. Metab. 3, 309\u2013317 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059631","volume":"146","author":"L Jin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jin, L. et al. FGF21-Sirtuin 3 axis confers the protective effects of exercise against diabetic cardiomyopathy by governing mitochondrial integrity. Circulation 146, 1537\u20131557 (2022).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2401_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2018.0235","volume":"44","author":"S Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin, S. et al. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Attenuates diabetes-induced renal fibrosis by negatively regulating Tgf-beta-p53-smad2\/3-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via activation of AKT. Diabetes Metab. J. 44, 158\u2013172 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"2401_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154738","volume":"118","author":"JV Salgado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salgado, J. V., Goes, M. A. & Salgado Filho, N. FGF21 and chronic kidney disease. Metabolism 118, 154738 (2021).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2401_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2851","volume":"18","author":"D Pal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pal, D. et al. Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance. Nat. Med. 18, 1279\u20131285 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06249-4","volume":"619","author":"D Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, D. et al. GDF15 promotes weight loss by enhancing energy expenditure in muscle. Nature 619, 143\u2013150 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2401_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04201-9","volume":"79","author":"MR Aghanoori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aghanoori, M. R. et al. CEBPbeta regulation of endogenous IGF-1 in adult sensory neurons can be mobilized to overcome diabetes-induced deficits in bioenergetics and axonal outgrowth. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 79, 193 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12542","volume":"8","author":"X Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, X., Wu, T. T., Chen, J. & Qiu, W. Elevated expression levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 might exacerbate type 2 diabetic nephropathy. J. Diabetes Investig. 8, 108\u2013114 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"2401_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14286","volume":"29","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Insulin-like growth factor 1 knockdown attenuates high glucose-induced podocyte injury by promoting the JAK2\/STAT signalling-mediated autophagy. Nephrology29, 394\u2013404 (2024).","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"2401_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072632","volume":"21","author":"L Opazo-Rios","year":"2020","unstructured":"Opazo-Rios, L. et al. Lipotoxicity and diabetic nephropathy: novel mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 2632 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R001115","volume":"50","author":"PC Schulze","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schulze, P. C. Myocardial lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity in heart failure. J. Lipid Res. 50, 2137\u20132138 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"2401_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P040501","volume":"55","author":"M Herman-Edelstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Herman-Edelstein, M., Scherzer, P., Tobar, A., Levi, M. & Gafter, U. Altered renal lipid metabolism and renal lipid accumulation in human diabetic nephropathy. J. Lipid Res. 55, 561\u2013572 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"2401_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103184","volume":"73","author":"M Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, M. et al. Sirt5 improves cardiomyocytes fatty acid metabolism and ameliorates cardiac lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy via CPT2 de-succinylation. Redox Biol. 73, 103184 (2024).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"2401_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154844","volume":"123","author":"M Nawrot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nawrot, M., Peschard, S., Lestavel, S. & Staels, B. Intestine-liver crosstalk in Type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 123, 154844 (2021).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2401_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14496","volume":"23","author":"MA Nauck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nauck, M. A., Quast, D. R., Wefers, J. & Pfeiffer, A. F. H. The evolving story of incretins (GIP and GLP-1) in metabolic and cardiovascular disease: a pathophysiological update. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 23, 5\u201329 (2021).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00783-3","volume":"19","author":"R Hammoud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hammoud, R. & Drucker, D. J. Beyond the pancreas: contrasting cardiometabolic actions of GIP and GLP1. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 19, 201\u2013216 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13130","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13130","volume":"22","author":"D Rosendo-Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosendo-Silva, D. & Matafome, P. Gut-adipose tissue crosstalk: a bridge to novel therapeutic targets in metabolic syndrome?. Obes. Rev. 22, e13130 (2021).","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943427","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.943427","volume":"12","author":"G Letchumanan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Letchumanan, G. et al. Gut microbiota composition in prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol 12, 943427 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol"},{"key":"2401_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010166","volume":"14","author":"CO Iatcu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iatcu, C. O., Steen, A. & Covasa, M. Gut microbiota and complications of type-2 diabetes. Nutrients 14, 166 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2401_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03374-w","volume":"19","author":"F Di Vincenzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Vincenzo, F., Del Gaudio, A., Petito, V., Lopetuso, L. R. & Scaldaferri, F. Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review. Intern. Emerg. Med. 19, 275\u2013293 (2024).","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-020-01610-9","volume":"58","author":"W Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, W. et al. Elevated plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide levels are associated with diabetic retinopathy. Acta Diabetol. 58, 221\u2013229 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"2401_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0048","volume":"42","author":"SA Winther","year":"2019","unstructured":"Winther, S. A. et al. Utility of plasma concentration of trimethylamine N-oxide in predicting cardiovascular and renal complications in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 42, 1512\u20131520 (2019).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dgaa188","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa188","volume":"105","author":"M Croyal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Croyal, M. et al. Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105, dgaa188 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326789","volume":"71","author":"WM de Vos","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Vos, W. M., Tilg, H., Van Hul, M. & Cani, P. D. Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights. Gut 71, 1020\u20131032 (2022).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2401_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020272","volume":"15","author":"KS May","year":"2023","unstructured":"May, K. S. & den Hartigh, L. J. Gut Microbial-derived short chain fatty acids: impact on adipose tissue physiology. Nutrients 15, 272 (2023).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2401_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02475-w","volume":"23","author":"W Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, W. et al. Cardiac corin and atrial natriuretic peptide regulate liver glycogen metabolism and glucose homeostasis. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 23, 383 (2024).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2401_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18309","volume":"534","author":"RJ Perry","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perry, R. J. et al. Acetate mediates a microbiome-brain-beta-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome. Nature 534, 213\u2013217 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2401_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770455","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.770455","volume":"12","author":"K Prokopidis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prokopidis, K., Chambers, E., Ni Lochlainn, M. & Witard, O. C. Mechanisms linking the gut-muscle axis with muscle protein metabolism and anabolic resistance: implications for older adults at risk of sarcopenia. Front. Physiol. 12, 770455 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"2401_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi24-0028","volume":"73","author":"M Byndloss","year":"2024","unstructured":"Byndloss, M. et al. The gut microbiota and diabetes: research, translation, and clinical applications-2023 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum. Diabetes 73, 1391\u20131410 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-4292-2023-0292","volume":"68","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. RAAS in diabetic retinopathy: mechanisms and therapies. Arch. Endocrinol. Metab. 68, e230292 (2024).","journal-title":"Arch. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153461","volume":"82","author":"J Gu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gu, J. et al. Piperlongumine attenuates angiotensin-II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by inhibiting Akt-FoxO1 signalling. Phytomedicine 82, 153461 (2021).","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"2401_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204062232312132","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223231213246","volume":"14","author":"LX Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, L. X. et al. Potential application of Klotho as a prognostic biomarker for patients with diabetic kidney disease: a meta-analysis of clinical studies. Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis. 14, 20406223231213246 (2023).","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"2401_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"sfad276","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad276","volume":"17","author":"M Kanbay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kanbay, M. et al. Klotho: a potential therapeutic target in aging and neurodegeneration beyond chronic kidney disease-a comprehensive review from the ERA CKD-MBD working group. Clin. Kidney J. 17, sfad276 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"2401_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00903-0","volume":"21","author":"D Edmonston","year":"2024","unstructured":"Edmonston, D., Grabner, A. & Wolf, M. FGF23 and klotho at the intersection of kidney and cardiovascular disease. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 21, 11\u201324 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"2401_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.04.028","volume":"102","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Klotho-derived peptide 6 ameliorates diabetic kidney disease by targeting Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling. Kidney Int. 102, 506\u2013520 (2022).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2401_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00253-y","volume":"6","author":"AD Hajare","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hajare, A. D., Dagar, N. & Gaikwad, A. B. Klotho antiaging protein: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in diseases. Mol. Biomed. 6, 19 (2025).","journal-title":"Mol. Biomed."},{"key":"2401_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01494","volume":"5","author":"Z Rao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rao, Z. et al. Administration of alpha klotho reduces liver and adipose lipid accumulation in obese mice. Heliyon 5, e01494 (2019).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2401_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-01097-1","volume":"13","author":"S Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang, S. et al. Cardiac-to-adipose axis in metabolic homeostasis and diseases: special instructions from the heart. Cell Biosci. 13, 161 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"2401_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002553","volume":"4","author":"S Hernandez-Anzaldo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hernandez-Anzaldo, S. et al. Identification of a novel heart-liver axis: matrix metalloproteinase-2 negatively regulates cardiac secreted phospholipase A2 to modulate lipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 4, e002553 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"2401_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113738","volume":"431","author":"YY Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu, Y. Y. et al. C-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)(4-23) attenuates renal fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone-acetate-salt hypertensive mice. Exp. Cell Res. 431, 113738 (2023).","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"2401_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02655-2","volume":"24","author":"W Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, W. et al. Cellular crosstalk in organotypic vasculature: mechanisms of diabetic cardiorenal complications and SGLT2i responses. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 24, 90 (2025).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2401_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3465","volume":"100","author":"CH Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee, C. H. et al. Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels predict progressive kidney disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, 1368\u20131375 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.04.054","volume":"139","author":"J Dushay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dushay, J. et al. Increased fibroblast growth factor 21 in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 139, 456\u2013463 (2010).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2401_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16224","volume":"27","author":"D Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, D. et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 predicts incident diabetic kidney disease: a 4.6-year prospective study. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 27, 2232\u20132241 (2025).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071536","volume":"20","author":"AP Silva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Silva, A. P. et al. Plasmatic Klotho and FGF23 levels as biomarkers of CKD-associated cardiac disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20, 1536 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S158","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S009","volume":"47","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice,","year":"2024","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice, Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of care in diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care 47, S158\u2013S178 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR237","first-page":"1307","volume":"13","author":"T Milenkovic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Milenkovic, T. et al. Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a perpetual inspiration for the scientific world. Rev. Nutr. 13, 1307 (2021).","journal-title":"Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"2401_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0673","volume":"47","author":"W Dai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dai, W. & Albrecht, S. S. Sitting time and its interaction with physical activity in relation to all-cause and heart disease mortality in U.S. Adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 47, 1764\u20131768 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.4038","volume":"177","author":"A Garcia-Hermoso","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garcia-Hermoso, A., Lopez-Gil, J. F., Izquierdo, M., Ramirez-Velez, R. & Ezzatvar, Y. Exercise and insulin resistance markers in children and adolescents with excess weight: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 177, 1276\u20131284 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"2401_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8713","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158713","volume":"23","author":"M El Assar","year":"2022","unstructured":"El Assar, M., Alvarez-Bustos, A., Sosa, P., Angulo, J. & Rodriguez-Manas, L. Effect of physical activity\/exercise on oxidative stress and inflammation in muscle and vascular aging. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 8713 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03087-z","volume":"21","author":"T Nian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nian, T. et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. BMC Med. 21, 378 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"2401_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S354026","volume":"15","author":"F Rutters","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rutters, F. & Nefs, G. Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances in diabetes: a narrative review. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. 15, 3627\u20133637 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"2401_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0122-1","volume":"15","author":"DJ Stenvers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stenvers, D. J., Scheer, F., Schrauwen, P., la Fleur, S. E. & Kalsbeek, A. Circadian clocks and insulin resistance. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 15, 75\u201389 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2073","volume":"38","author":"Z Shan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shan, Z. et al. Sleep duration and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetes Care 38, 529\u2013537 (2015).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1127","volume":"46","author":"H Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han, H. et al. Sleep duration and risks of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality among people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 46, 101\u2013110 (2023).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13169","volume":"95","author":"D Jee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jee, D., Keum, N., Kang, S. & Arroyo, J. G. Sleep and diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 95, 41\u201347 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"2401_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278665","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1278665","volume":"14","author":"C Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, C. et al. Effects of sleep duration and changes in body mass index on diabetic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study. Front. Endocrinol.14, 1278665 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05541-0","volume":"64","author":"SBJ Schipper","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schipper, S. B. J. et al. Sleep disorders in people with type 2 diabetes and associated health outcomes: a review of the literature. Diabetologia 64, 2367\u20132377 (2021).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319221123471","volume":"13","author":"R Sultana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sultana, R. et al. Relationship between diabetes-related complications and sleep complaints in older Mexican Americans. J. Prim. Care Community Health 13, 21501319221123471 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Prim. Care Community Health"},{"key":"2401_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30233-4","volume":"6","author":"X Tan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tan, X., van Egmond, L., Chapman, C. D., Cedernaes, J. & Benedict, C. Aiding sleep in type 2 diabetes: therapeutic considerations. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 6, 60\u201368 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00877-7","volume":"400","author":"N Meyer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meyer, N., Harvey, A. G., Lockley, S. W. & Dijk, D. J. Circadian rhythms and disorders of the timing of sleep. Lancet 400, 1061\u20131078 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2401_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2023.0193","volume":"48","author":"DY Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee, D. Y. et al. Attention to innate circadian rhythm and the impact of its disruption on diabetes. Diabetes Metab. J. 48, 37\u201352 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"2401_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307537","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1307537","volume":"15","author":"Q Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. Effects of light therapy on sleep and circadian rhythm in older type 2 diabetics living in long-term care facilities: a randomized controlled trial. Front. Endocrinol. 15, 1307537 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-03286-5","volume":"634","author":"DB Sacks","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sacks, D. B. Smart insulin switches itself off in response to low blood sugar. Nature 634, 785\u2013787 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2401_CR255","first-page":"CD006257","volume":"4","author":"P Natale","year":"2024","unstructured":"Natale, P., Palmer, S. C., Navaneethan, S. D., Craig, J. C. & Strippoli, G. F. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 4, CD006257 (2024).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02026-9","volume":"22","author":"J Pei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pei, J., Wang, X., Pei, Z. & Hu, X. Glycemic control, HbA1c variability, and major cardiovascular adverse outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with elevated cardiovascular risk: insights from the ACCORD study. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 22, 287 (2023).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2401_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419546","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2419546","volume":"56","author":"K Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han, K. et al. Fasting plasma glucose level and in-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with acute coronary syndrome: findings from the CCC-ACS project. Ann. Med. 56, 2419546 (2024).","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02448-z","volume":"23","author":"AS Carew","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carew, A. S. et al. The relationship between repeated measurements of HbA(1c) and risk of coronary events among the common haptoglobin phenotype groups: the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 23, 356 (2024).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2401_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e722","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001040","volume":"145","author":"JJ Joseph","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joseph, J. J. et al. Comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors for adults with type 2 diabetes: a scientific statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 145, e722\u2013e759 (2022).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2401_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2023.01.008","volume":"34","author":"F Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo, F. et al. ANGPTL3 inhibition, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 34, 215\u2013222 (2024).","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2174\/1568006043586198","volume":"5","author":"C Arnaud","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arnaud, C., Veillard, N. R. & Mach, F. Cholesterol-independent effects of statins in inflammation, immunomodulation and atherosclerosis. Curr. Drug Targets Cardiovasc. Haematol. Disord. 5, 127\u2013134 (2005).","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets Cardiovasc. Haematol. Disord."},{"key":"2401_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E729","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.230093","volume":"195","author":"S Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, S. et al. Statin initiation and risk of incident kidney disease in patients with diabetes. CMAJ 195, E729\u2013E738 (2023).","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2401_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000205","volume":"18","author":"X Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo, X. et al. Influence of SGLT2i and RAASi and their combination on risk of hyperkalemia in DKD: a network meta-analysis. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18, 1019\u20131030 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288159","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1288159","volume":"14","author":"Y Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan, Y. et al. Efficacy and safety of Abelmoschus manihot capsule combined with ACEI\/ARB on diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta analysis. Front. Pharm. 14, 1288159 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073969","volume":"25","author":"A Mazzieri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mazzieri, A., Porcellati, F., Timio, F. & Reboldi, G. Molecular targets of novel therapeutics for diabetic kidney disease: a new era of nephroprotection. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 3969 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/13904","volume":"4","author":"MF Alwashmi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alwashmi, M. F., Mugford, G., Abu-Ashour, W. & Nuccio, M. A digital diabetes prevention program (transform) for adults with prediabetes: secondary analysis. JMIR Diabetes 4, e13904 (2019).","journal-title":"JMIR Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/23243","volume":"7","author":"R Batten","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batten, R. et al. A 12-month follow-up of the effects of a digital diabetes prevention program (vp transform for prediabetes) on weight and physical activity among adults with prediabetes: secondary analysis. JMIR Diabetes 7, e23243 (2022).","journal-title":"JMIR Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2023.102344","volume":"49","author":"SA Sebastian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sebastian, S. A., Padda, I. & Johal, G. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome: a state-of-the-art review. Curr. Probl. Cardiol. 49, 102344 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"key":"2401_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4337-9","volume":"60","author":"SJ Griffin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Griffin, S. J., Leaver, J. K. & Irving, G. J. Impact of metformin on cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomised trials among people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 60, 1620\u20131629 (2017).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944902","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.944902","volume":"9","author":"Z Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, Z., Zhang, H., Wu, C., Zheng, Y. & Jiang, J. Effect of metformin on adverse outcomes in T2DM patients: Systemic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 9, 944902 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14440","volume":"23","author":"J Orloff","year":"2021","unstructured":"Orloff, J., Min, J. Y., Mushlin, A. & Flory, J. Safety and effectiveness of metformin in patients with reduced renal function: a systematic review. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 23, 2035\u20132047 (2021).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl20367","volume":"15","author":"K Pinyopornpanish","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinyopornpanish, K., Leerapun, A., Pinyopornpanish, K. & Chattipakorn, N. Effects of metformin on hepatic steatosis in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes: insights from the cellular to patient levels. Gut Liver 15, 827\u2013840 (2021).","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"2401_CR273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00789-4","volume":"21","author":"N Salari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salari, N. et al. Association between PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr. Disord. 21, 125 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord."},{"key":"2401_CR274","volume":"28","author":"T Yasmin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yasmin, T. et al. Metformin treatment reverses high fat diet- induced non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and dyslipidemia by stimulating multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. Biochem. Biophys. Rep. 28, 101168 (2021).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"2401_CR275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901340","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.901340","volume":"13","author":"Z Wicik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wicik, Z. et al. Characterization of the SGLT2 interaction network and its regulation by SGLT2 inhibitors: a bioinformatic analysis. Front. Pharm. 13, 901340 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-0970","volume":"73","author":"M Yamato","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yamato, M., Kato, N., Yamada, K. I. & Inoguchi, T. The early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and its attenuation by sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors. Diabetes 73, 1153\u20131166 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069568","volume":"149","author":"SM Patel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patel, S. M. et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and major adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a SMART-C collaborative meta-analysis. Circulation 149, 1789\u20131801 (2024).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2401_CR278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30369-7","volume":"9","author":"DC Wheeler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wheeler, D. C. et al. Effects of dapagliflozin on major adverse kidney and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 9, 22\u201331 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2017.0095","volume":"42","author":"KA Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee, K. A., Jin, H. Y., Lee, N. Y., Kim, Y. J. & Park, T. S. Effect of empagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, on kidney and peripheral nerves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Metab. J. 42, 338\u2013342 (2018).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"2401_CR280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106062","volume":"176","author":"MR Rizzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rizzo, M. R. et al. Cognitive impairment and type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus of SGLT2 inhibitors treatment. Pharm. Res. 176, 106062 (2022).","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"2401_CR281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102018","volume":"90","author":"F Mancinetti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mancinetti, F. et al. Diabetes-Alzheimer\u2019s connection in older age: SGLT2 inhibitors as promising modulators of disease pathways. Ageing Res. Rev. 90, 102018 (2023).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926717","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.926717","volume":"13","author":"M Kandeel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kandeel, M. The outcomes of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2I) on diabetes-associated neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharm. 13, 926717 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2434","volume":"45","author":"P Mone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mone, P. et al. Empagliflozin improves cognitive impairment in frail older adults with type 2 diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Diabetes Care 45, 1247\u20131251 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209805","volume":"103","author":"HK Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, H. K. et al. SGLT2 inhibitor use and risk of dementia and parkinson disease among patients with type 2 diabetes. Neurology 103, e209805 (2024).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2401_CR285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2348431","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.48431","volume":"6","author":"FS Yen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yen, F. S. et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA Netw. Open 6, e2348431 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"2401_CR286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15454","volume":"26","author":"R Ishibashi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ishibashi, R. et al. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor therapy reduces the administration frequency of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in patients with diabetic macular oedema with a history of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent use: a cohort study using the Japanese health insurance claims database. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 26, 1510\u20131518 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031362","volume":"23","author":"J Hanaguri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hanaguri, J. et al. The effect of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor tofogliflozin on neurovascular coupling in the retina in type 2 diabetic mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 1362 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Androutsakos, T. et al. SGLT-2 Inhibitors in NAFLD: expanding their role beyond diabetes and cardioprotection. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 3107 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063107"},{"key":"2401_CR289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.8029","volume":"184","author":"H Jang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jang, H. et al. Outcomes of various classes of oral antidiabetic drugs on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. JAMA Intern. Med. 184, 375\u2013383 (2024).","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000855","volume":"80","author":"KS Cheung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheung, K. S. et al. Effects of empagliflozin on liver fat in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease without diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology 80, 916\u2013927 (2024).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2401_CR291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.10.004","volume":"42","author":"B Afsar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Afsar, B. & Afsar, R. E. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and Sarcopenia: a controversy that must be solved. Clin. Nutr. 42, 2338\u20132352 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"2401_CR292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15249","volume":"25","author":"D Yabe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yabe, D. et al. Efficacy and safety of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin in elderly Japanese adults (>\/=65 years) with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 52-week clinical trial (EMPA-ELDERLY). Diabetes Obes. Metab. 25, 3538\u20133548 (2023).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203666","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1203666","volume":"14","author":"S Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Qi, Z., Wang, Y., Song, D. & Zhu, D. Effect of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors on sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Endocrinol.14, 1203666 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05772-9","volume":"65","author":"DS Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, D. S. et al. Major adverse cardiovascular and limb events in people with diabetes treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists vs SGLT2 inhibitors. Diabetologia 65, 2032\u20132043 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m2812","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2812","volume":"370","author":"M Fralick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fralick, M. et al. Risk of amputation with canagliflozin across categories of age and cardiovascular risk in three US nationwide databases: cohort study. BMJ 370, m2812 (2020).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2401_CR296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad276","volume":"44","author":"JH Butt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Butt, J. H. et al. Heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and dapagliflozin: a patient-level meta-analysis of DAPA-HF and DELIVER. Eur. Heart J. 44, 2170\u20132183 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2401_CR297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06190-9","volume":"67","author":"LM Gudemann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gudemann, L. M. et al. Safety and effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in a UK population with type 2 diabetes and aged over 70 years: an instrumental variable approach. Diabetologia 67, 1817\u20131827 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721135","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.721135","volume":"12","author":"X Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, X. et al. GLP-1 Receptor agonists: beyond their pancreatic effects. Front Endocrinol.12, 721135 (2021).","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S167","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S008","volume":"48","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice, C. 8","year":"2025","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice, C. 8 Obesity and weight management for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care 48, S167\u2013S180 (2025).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628642412819","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864241281903","volume":"17","author":"MI Stefanou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stefanou, M. I. et al. Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality under treatment with GLP-1 RAs or the dual GIP\/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in overweight or obese adults without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord. 17, 17562864241281903 (2024).","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"2401_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2313917","volume":"390","author":"MN Kosiborod","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kosiborod, M. N. et al. Semaglutide in patients with obesity-related heart failure and type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 390, 1394\u20131407 (2024).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347","volume":"391","author":"V Perkovic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Perkovic, V. et al. Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 391, 109\u2013121 (2024).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03327-6","volume":"31","author":"EM Apperloo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Apperloo, E. M. et al. Semaglutide in patients with overweight or obesity and chronic kidney disease without diabetes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nat. Med. 31, 278\u2013285 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00243-1","volume":"10","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heerspink, H. J. L. et al. Effects of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes in the SURPASS-4 trial: post-hoc analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 10, 774\u2013785 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14174","volume":"22","author":"JM Wilson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilson, J. M. et al. The dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, tirzepatide, improves lipoprotein biomarkers associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 22, 2451\u20132459 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01163-7","volume":"402","author":"JP Frias","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frias, J. P. et al. Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2.4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 402, 720\u2013730 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2401_CR307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076410","volume":"384","author":"H Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao, H. et al. Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ 384, e076410 (2024).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2401_CR308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.997578","volume":"13","author":"J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. GLP-1 receptor agonist as a modulator of innate immunity. Front. Immunol. 13, 997578 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2401_CR309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12474","volume":"18","author":"HN Yassine","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yassine, H. N. et al. Brain energy failure in dementia syndromes: opportunities and challenges for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Alzheimers Dement. 18, 478\u2013497 (2022).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"2401_CR310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01090-x","volume":"31","author":"CT Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong, C. T., Chen, J. H. & Hu, C. J. Role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease. J. Biomed. Sci. 31, 102 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4872","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.86831","volume":"13","author":"P Ghosh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghosh, P. et al. Targeting redox imbalance in neurodegeneration: characterizing the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Theranostics 13, 4872\u20134884 (2023).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2401_CR312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2064","volume":"45","author":"H Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng, H. et al. Enhancement of impaired olfactory neural activation and cognitive capacity by liraglutide, but not dapagliflozin or acarbose, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 16-week randomized parallel comparative study. Diabetes Care 45, 1201\u20131210 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-06072-6","volume":"67","author":"R Dhanapalaratnam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dhanapalaratnam, R. et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists reverse nerve morphological abnormalities in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetologia 67, 561\u2013566 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15331","volume":"26","author":"A Kuate Defo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuate Defo, A. et al. Diabetes, antidiabetic medications and risk of dementia: A systematic umbrella review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 26, 441\u2013462 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-023-09807-3","volume":"24","author":"N Garcia-Casares","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garcia-Casares, N. et al. Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on neurological complications of diabetes. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 24, 655\u2013672 (2023).","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"2401_CR316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01821-3","volume":"25","author":"W Halloum","year":"2024","unstructured":"Halloum, W., Dughem, Y. A., Beier, D. & Pellesi, L. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for headache and pain disorders: a systematic review. J. Headache Pain. 25, 112 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain."},{"key":"2401_CR317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac018","volume":"44","author":"JM Yabut","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yabut, J. M. & Drucker, D. J. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor-based Therapeutics for Metabolic Liver Disease. Endocr. Rev. 44, 14\u201332 (2023).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"2401_CR318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16583","volume":"54","author":"AM Majzoub","year":"2021","unstructured":"Majzoub, A. M. et al. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: comparative efficacy of pharmacologic therapies for fibrosis improvement and resolution of NASH. Aliment Pharm. Ther. 54, 880\u2013889 (2021).","journal-title":"Aliment Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qi, X., Li, J., Caussy, C., Teng, G. J. & Loomba, R. Epidemiology, screening, and co-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Hepatology, (2024). Online ahead of print. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000913.","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000913"},{"key":"2401_CR320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028395","volume":"384","author":"PN Newsome","year":"2021","unstructured":"Newsome, P. N. et al. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Subcutaneous Semaglutide in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 384, 1113\u20131124 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000323","volume":"77","author":"ME Rinella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rinella, M. E. et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 77, 1797\u20131835 (2023).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2401_CR322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.05.013","volume":"79","author":"M Romero-Gomez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Romero-Gomez, M. et al. A phase IIa active-comparator-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of efinopegdutide in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Hepatol. 79, 888\u2013897 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"2401_CR323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.07.006","volume":"82","author":"SA Harrison","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harrison, S. A. et al. Effect of pemvidutide, a GLP-1\/glucagon dual receptor agonist, on MASLD: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Hepatol. 82, 7\u201317 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"2401_CR324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2151","volume":"44","author":"R Nahra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nahra, R. et al. Effects of cotadutide on metabolic and hepatic parameters in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes: a 54-week randomized phase 2b study. Diabetes Care 44, 1433\u20131442 (2021).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.04.017","volume":"22","author":"SS Shankar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shankar, S. S. et al. Safety and efficacy of novel incretin co-agonist cotadutide in biopsy-proven noncirrhotic MASH with fibrosis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 22, 1847\u20131857 e1811 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"2401_CR326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401943","volume":"391","author":"R Loomba","year":"2024","unstructured":"Loomba, R. et al. Tirzepatide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis. N. Engl. J. Med 391, 299\u2013310 (2024).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"2401_CR327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.2337\/dci23-0100","volume":"47","author":"JC Locatelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Locatelli, J. C. et al. Incretin-based weight loss pharmacotherapy: can resistance exercise optimize changes in body composition?. Diabetes Care 47, 1718\u20131730 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.067676","volume":"150","author":"J Linge","year":"2024","unstructured":"Linge, J., Birkenfeld, A. L. & Neeland, I. J. Muscle mass and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: adaptive or maladaptive response to weight loss?. Circulation 150, 1288\u20131298 (2024).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2401_CR329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab777","volume":"43","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Agarwal, R. et al. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis. Eur. Heart J. 43, 474\u2013484 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2401_CR330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110908","volume":"204","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heerspink, H. J. L. et al. Rationale and design of a randomised phase III registration trial investigating finerenone in participants with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FINE-ONE trial. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 204, 110908 (2023).","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"2401_CR331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14915","volume":"25","author":"P Rossing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rossing, P. et al. Effect of finerenone on the occurrence of vision-threatening complications in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Pooled analysis of two studies using routine ophthalmological examinations from clinical trial participants (ReFineDR\/DeFineDR). Diabetes Obes. Metab. 25, 894\u2013898 (2023).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.2337\/db21-0099","volume":"70","author":"M Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, M. et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor pathway and its antagonism in a model of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 70, 2668\u20132682 (2021).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032334","volume":"24","author":"JR Jerome","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jerome, J. R., Deliyanti, D., Suphapimol, V., Kolkhof, P. & Wilkinson-Berka, J. L. Finerenone, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, reduces vascular injury and increases regulatory T-cells: studies in rodents with diabetic and neovascular retinopathy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 2334 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI149029","volume":"131","author":"M Koide","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koide, M. et al. Differential restoration of functional hyperemia by antihypertensive drug classes in hypertension-related cerebral small vessel disease. J. Clin. Investig. 131, e149029 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"2401_CR335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003208","volume":"40","author":"LC Chambers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chambers, L. C., Diaz-Otero, J. M., Fisher, C. L., Jackson, W. F. & Dorrance, A. M. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism improves transient receptor potential vanilloid 4-dependent dilation of cerebral parenchymal arterioles and cognition in a genetic model of hypertension. J. Hypertens. 40, 1722\u20131734 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2401_CR336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942660","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.942660","volume":"13","author":"ZM Howard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Howard, Z. M., Gomatam, C. K., Piepho, A. B. & Rafael-Fortney, J. A. Mineralocorticoid receptor signaling in the inflammatory skeletal muscle microenvironments of muscular dystrophy and acute injury. Front. Pharm. 13, 942660 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.05.005","volume":"79","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heerspink, H. J. L. et al. Canagliflozin and kidney-related adverse events in type 2 diabetes and CKD: findings from the randomized CREDENCE trial. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 79, 244\u2013256.e241 (2022).","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"2401_CR338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","volume":"380","author":"V Perkovic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perkovic, V. et al. Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 380, 2295\u20132306 (2019).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204233","volume":"388","author":"The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group","year":"2023","unstructured":"The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 388, 117\u2013127 (2023).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0240-6","volume":"16","author":"KR Tuttle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tuttle, K. R. The landscape of diabetic kidney disease transformed. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 16, 67\u201368 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2025845","volume":"383","author":"GL Bakris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bakris, G. L. et al. Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, 2219\u20132229 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110956","volume":"385","author":"B Pitt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pitt, B. et al. Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 2252\u20132263 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30256-6","volume":"7","author":"BL Neuen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neuen, B. L. et al. SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 7, 845\u2013854 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-00391-2","volume":"17","author":"A Kang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kang, A. & Jardine, M. J. SGLT2 inhibitors may offer benefit beyond diabetes. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 17, 83\u201384 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2410659","volume":"393","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Agarwal, R. et al. Finerenone with empagliflozin in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 393, 533\u2013543 (2025).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067584","volume":"149","author":"BL Neuen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neuen, B. L. et al. Estimated lifetime cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality benefits of combination treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal mra compared with conventional care in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. Circulation 149, 450\u2013462 (2024).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2401_CR347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20543581221150556","volume":"10","author":"DZI Cherney","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cherney, D. Z. I. et al. Management of type 2 diabetic kidney disease in 2022: a narrative review for specialists and primary care. Can. J. Kidney Health Dis. 10, 20543581221150556 (2023).","journal-title":"Can. J. Kidney Health Dis."},{"key":"2401_CR348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110726","volume":"201","author":"D Patoulias","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patoulias, D., Popovic, D. S., Fragakis, N. & Rizzo, M. Has the time come to step up to \u201ctriple therapy\u201d for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease?. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 201, 110726 (2023).","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"2401_CR349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S199802","volume":"12","author":"C Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, C. et al. A small molecule inhibitor MCC950 ameliorates kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. 12, 1297\u20131309 (2019).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"2401_CR350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04529-x","volume":"13","author":"W Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng, W. et al. BMP-7 ameliorates partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition by restoring SnoN protein level via Smad1\/5 pathway in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis. 13, 254 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2401_CR351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333429","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1333429","volume":"15","author":"Y Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang, Y. et al. Critical role of FGF21 in diabetic kidney disease: from energy metabolism to innate immunity. Front. Immunol. 15, 1333429 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2401_CR352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15282","volume":"26","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate diabetic kidney disease by modulating the T helper 17 cell\/ regulatory T-cell balance through the programmed death 1 \/ programmed death-ligand 1 pathway. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 26, 32\u201345 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1474-8","volume":"10","author":"S Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu, S. et al. Treatment with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells exerts anti-diabetic effects, improves long-term complications, and attenuates inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 10, 333 (2019).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01852-y","volume":"11","author":"E Xiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiang, E. et al. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent the progression of early diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 11, 336 (2020).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, J. & Zhang, C. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: therapeutic opportunities and challenges for diabetic kidney disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 10540 (2024).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910540"},{"key":"2401_CR356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000189","volume":"34","author":"N Perico","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perico, N. et al. Safety and preliminary efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell (ORBCEL-M) therapy in diabetic kidney disease: a randomized clinical trial (NEPHSTROM). J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 34, 1733\u20131751 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173721","volume":"892","author":"HA Habib","year":"2021","unstructured":"Habib, H. A., Heeba, G. H. & Khalifa, M. M. A. Effect of combined therapy of mesenchymal stem cells with GLP-1 receptor agonist, exenatide, on early-onset nephropathy induced in diabetic rats. Eur. J. Pharm. 892, 173721 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100613","volume":"47","author":"CC Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, C. C. et al. Repeated administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells added on beneficial effects of empagliflozin on protecting renal function in diabetic kidney disease rat. Biomed. J. 47, 100613 (2024).","journal-title":"Biomed. J."},{"key":"2401_CR359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03844-8","volume":"15","author":"J Meng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meng, J. et al. Effects of xenogeneic transplantation of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with irbesartan on renal podocyte damage in diabetic rats. Stem Cell Res Ther. 15, 239 (2024).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108093","volume":"162","author":"Q Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, Q. et al. Mesenchymal stem cells modified with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 are superior for amelioration of glomerular fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 162, 108093 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"2401_CR361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1130-8","volume":"10","author":"H Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, H. et al. Mesenchymal stem cell 3D encapsulation technologies for biomimetic microenvironment in tissue regeneration. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 10, 51 (2019).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2001948","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001948","volume":"10","author":"ME Wechsler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wechsler, M. E., Rao, V. V., Borelli, A. N. & Anseth, K. S. Engineering the MSC secretome: a hydrogel focused approach. Adv. Health Mater. 10, e2001948 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Health Mater."},{"key":"2401_CR363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174657","volume":"918","author":"PK Raghav","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raghav, P. K., Mann, Z., Ahlawat, S. & Mohanty, S. Mesenchymal stem cell-based nanoparticles and scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Eur. J. Pharm. 918, 174657 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389134","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1389134","volume":"15","author":"L Mou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mou, L., Wang, T. B., Wang, X. & Pu, Z. Advancing diabetes treatment: the role of mesenchymal stem cells in islet transplantation. Front. Immunol. 15, 1389134 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2401_CR365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509418","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1509418","volume":"16","author":"Y Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song, Y. et al. Optimizing therapeutic outcomes: preconditioning strategies for MSC-derived extracellular vesicles. Front. Pharm. 16, 1509418 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02622-3","volume":"18","author":"S Nikfarjam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nikfarjam, S., Rezaie, J., Zolbanin, N. M. & Jafari, R. Mesenchymal stem cell derived-exosomes: a modern approach in translational medicine. J. Transl. Med. 18, 449 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1177-1","volume":"10","author":"J Jin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jin, J. et al. Exosome secreted from adipose-derived stem cells attenuates diabetic nephropathy by promoting autophagy flux and inhibiting apoptosis in podocyte. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 10, 95 (2019).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2809203","volume":"28","author":"L Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, L. et al. Bone Marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate diabetic kidney disease in rats by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation. Front Biosci. (Landmark Ed.) 28, 203 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Biosci. (Landmark Ed.)"},{"key":"2401_CR369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02855-7","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. MicroRNA-146a-5p-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance protection against diabetic nephropathy in rats through facilitating M2 macrophage polarization. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 13, 171 (2022).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-016-0287-2","volume":"7","author":"ZZ Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang, Z. Z. et al. Exosomes secreted by human urine-derived stem cells could prevent kidney complications from type I diabetes in rats. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 7, 24 (2016).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348043","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1348043","volume":"15","author":"A Banerjee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Banerjee, A. & Singla, D. K. MSC exosomes attenuate sterile inflammation and necroptosis associated with TAK1-pJNK-NFKB mediated cardiomyopathy in diabetic ApoE KO mice. Front. Immunol. 15, 1348043 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2401_CR372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03782-5","volume":"15","author":"M Taherian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taherian, M., Bayati, P. & Mojtabavi, N. Stem cell-based therapy for fibrotic diseases: mechanisms and pathways. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 15, 170 (2024).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25617","volume":"60","author":"W Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Wang, Y. & Kong, Y. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells modulate miR-126 to ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced retinal inflammation via targeting HMGB1. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 60, 294\u2013303 (2019).","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8520489","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8520489","volume":"2024","author":"Y Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo, Y. & Li, C. Advances in research related to MicroRNA for diabetic retinopathy. J. Diabetes Res. 2024, 8520489 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"2401_CR375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2012.11.095","volume":"58","author":"L Pradhan Nabzdyk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pradhan Nabzdyk, L. et al. Expression of neuropeptides and cytokines in a rabbit model of diabetic neuroischemic wound healing. J. Vasc. Surg. 58, 766\u2013775.e712 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"2401_CR376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2799","volume":"13","author":"R Dalirfardouei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dalirfardouei, R., Jamialahmadi, K., Jafarian, A. H. & Mahdipour, E. Promising effects of exosomes isolated from menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell on wound-healing process in diabetic mouse model. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 13, 555\u2013568 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rbac056","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbac056","volume":"9","author":"AR Mohanty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohanty, A. R., Ravikumar, A. & Peppas, N. A. Recent advances in glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems: novel hydrogels and future applications. Regen. Biomater. 9, rbac056 (2022).","journal-title":"Regen. Biomater."},{"key":"2401_CR378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03971-2","volume":"15","author":"JE Moon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moon, J. E. et al. Enhancing differentiation and functionality of insulin-producing cells derived from iPSCs using esterified collagen hydrogel for cell therapy in diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Res Ther. 15, 374 (2024).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122947","volume":"315","author":"S Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, S. et al. A 3D-printed microdevice encapsulates vascularized islets composed of iPSC-derived beta-like cells and microvascular fragments for type 1 diabetes treatment. Biomaterials 315, 122947 (2025).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2401_CR380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.101938","volume":"6","author":"F Campo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Campo, F. et al. Bioengineering of a human iPSC-derived vascularized endocrine pancreas for type 1 diabetes. Cell Rep. Med. 6, 101938 (2025).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.4c00173","volume":"7","author":"JM Marques","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marques, J. M. et al. GLP-1 Analogue-loaded glucose-responsive nanoparticles as allies of stem cell therapies for the treatment of type I diabetes. ACS Pharm. Transl. Sci. 7, 1650\u20131663 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Pharm. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2021.0104","volume":"12","author":"J Ho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ho, J., Yue, D., Cheema, U., Hsia, H. C. & Dardik, A. Innovations in stem cell therapy for diabetic wound healing. Adv. Wound Care12, 626\u2013643 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"2401_CR383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S446733","volume":"19","author":"K Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, K. et al. Combined placental mesenchymal stem cells with guided nanoparticles effective against diabetic nephropathy in mouse model. Int. J. Nanomed. 19, 901\u2013915 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2401_CR384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177543","volume":"998","author":"C Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. New perspectives on the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: challenges and prospects of mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Eur. J. Pharm. 998, 177543 (2025).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202403399","volume":"11","author":"Y Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. Innovative nanotechnology in drug delivery systems for advanced treatment of posterior segment ocular diseases. Adv. Sci.11, e2403399 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202300261","volume":"33","author":"S Gui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gui, S. et al. Ultrasmall coordination polymer nanodots fe-quer nanozymes for preventing and delaying the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33, 2300261 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2401_CR387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01516","volume":"4","author":"W Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, W. et al. Dopamine-functionalized gellan gum hydrogel as a candidate biomaterial for a retinal pigment epithelium cell delivery system. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 4, 1771\u20131782 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"2401_CR388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202401012","volume":"13","author":"W Kong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kong, W. et al. Collaborative Enhancement of Diabetic Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration by Recombinant Human Collagen Hydrogel and hADSCs. Adv. Health. Mater. 13, e2401012 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Health. Mater."},{"key":"2401_CR389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v14.i11.1585","volume":"14","author":"HM Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, H. M., Yang, M. L., Xi, J. Z., Yang, G. Y. & Wu, Q. N. Mesenchymal stem cells-based drug delivery systems for diabetic foot ulcer: a review. World J. Diabetes 14, 1585\u20131602 (2023).","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"2401_CR390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04259-4","volume":"21","author":"Y Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, Y. et al. Sodium butyrate ameliorates diabetic retinopathy in mice via the regulation of gut microbiota and related short-chain fatty acids. J. Transl. Med. 21, 451 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR391","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01553-9","volume":"33","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. The diversity of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes with or without cognitive impairment. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 33, 589\u2013601 (2021).","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"2401_CR392","first-page":"582","volume":"29","author":"PV Miranda Alatriste","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miranda Alatriste, P. V., Urbina Arronte, R., Gomez Espinosa, C. O. & Espinosa Cuevas Mde, L. Effect of probiotics on human blood urea levels in patients with chronic renal failure. Nutr. Hosp. 29, 582\u2013590 (2014).","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"2401_CR393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081109","volume":"16","author":"GY Arteaga-Muller","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arteaga-Muller, G. Y. et al. Changes in the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients undergoing fecal microbiota transplantation. Nutrients 16, 1109 (2024).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2401_CR394","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122275","volume":"339","author":"H Si","year":"2024","unstructured":"Si, H. et al. A graminan type fructan from Achyranthes bidentata prevents the kidney injury in diabetic mice by regulating gut microbiota. Carbohydr. Polym. 339, 122275 (2024).","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"2401_CR395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02904-0","volume":"61","author":"J Companys","year":"2022","unstructured":"Companys, J. et al. Effects of enriched seafood sticks (heat-inactivated B. animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145, inulin, omega-3) on cardiometabolic risk factors and gut microbiota in abdominally obese subjects: randomized controlled trial. Eur. J. Nutr. 61, 3597\u20133611 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"2401_CR396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.13.20","volume":"9","author":"A Verma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verma, A. et al. Angiotensin-(1-7) expressed from lactobacillus bacteria protect diabetic retina in mice. Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol. 9, 20 (2020).","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2401_CR397","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14676-4","volume":"11","author":"Z Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, Z. et al. Gut microbiota mediates intermittent-fasting alleviation of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. Nat. Commun. 11, 855 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2401_CR398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01300-22","volume":"8","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Adjunctive probio-X treatment enhances the therapeutic effect of a conventional drug in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus by promoting short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and bile acid pathways. mSystems 8, e0130022 (2023).","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"2401_CR399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052763","volume":"22","author":"G Gradisteanu Pircalabioru","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, G. et al. Dysbiosis in the development of type I diabetes and associated complications: from mechanisms to targeted gut microbes manipulation therapies. Int J. Mol. Sci. 22, 2763 (2021).","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44020059","volume":"44","author":"N Hanif","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hanif, N. et al. Proteomic changes to the updated discovery of engineered insulin and its analogs: pros and cons. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 44, 867\u2013888 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2401_CR401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2022.101417","volume":"69","author":"SA Sebastian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sebastian, S. A., Co, E. L., Mehendale, M. & Hameed, M. Insulin analogs in the treatment of type II diabetes and future perspectives. Dis. Mon. 69, 101417 (2023).","journal-title":"Dis. Mon."},{"key":"2401_CR402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408651","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1408651","volume":"11","author":"X Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, X., Jia, Y. & Ren, F. Multidimensional biological activities of resveratrol and its prospects and challenges in the health field. Front. Nutr. 11, 1408651 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"2401_CR403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105112","volume":"161","author":"I Ahmad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmad, I. & Hoda, M. Molecular mechanisms of action of resveratrol in modulation of diabetic and non-diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharm. Res. 161, 105112 (2020).","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"2401_CR404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04233-0","volume":"21","author":"S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, S., Li, B., Chen, L. & Jiang, H. Uncovering the mechanism of resveratrol in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. J. Transl. Med. 21, 380 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14070875","volume":"14","author":"V Gomez-Jimenez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gomez-Jimenez, V., Burggraaf-Sanchez de Las Matas, R. & Ortega, A. L. Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Therapeutic Role of Natural Polyphenols. Antioxidants 14, 875 (2025).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2401_CR406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2018.11.009","volume":"1867","author":"S Hartwig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hartwig, S. et al. Exosomal proteins constitute an essential part of the human adipose tissue secretome. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Proteins Proteom. 1867, 140172 (2019).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Proteins Proteom."},{"key":"2401_CR407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2350","volume":"72","author":"P Samadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Samadi, P. et al. Berberine: a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer. IUBMB Life 72, 2065\u20132079 (2020).","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"2401_CR408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5459","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7181","volume":"35","author":"S Bansod","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bansod, S., Saifi, M. A. & Godugu, C. Molecular updates on berberine in liver diseases: bench to bedside. Phytother. Res. 35, 5459\u20135476 (2021).","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"2401_CR409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25701-5","volume":"12","author":"SA Harrison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harrison, S. A. et al. A phase 2, proof of concept, randomised controlled trial of berberine ursodeoxycholate in patients with presumed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes. Nat. Commun. 12, 5503 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2401_CR410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.30640","volume":"9","author":"X Qin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qin, X. et al. Berberine protects glomerular podocytes via inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and dysfunction. Theranostics 9, 1698\u20131713 (2019).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2401_CR411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4316","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.62868","volume":"17","author":"N Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, N. et al. Berberine improves insulin-induced diabetic retinopathy through exclusively suppressing Akt\/mTOR-mediated HIF-1alpha\/VEGF activation in retina endothelial cells. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 17, 4316\u20134326 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2401_CR412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114964","volume":"159","author":"OA Ahmedy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmedy, O. A., Salem, H. H., Mohamed, Y. S. & Zaky, D. A. Unleashing the cardioprotective potential of berberine against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: Innovative exploitation of the peculiar antipyroptotic\/antioxidant\/anti-inflammatory capacity via modulation of inflammasome\/caspase-1\/interleukin pathway in rats. Int. Immunopharmacol. 159, 114964 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"2401_CR413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000199","volume":"18","author":"KW Chan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chan, K. W. et al. Add-on Rehmannia-6-based chinese medicine in type 2 diabetes and CKD: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18, 1163\u20131174 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"2401_CR414","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155457","volume":"130","author":"KW Chan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chan, K. W. et al. Add-on astragalus in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a multi-center, assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial. Phytomedicine 130, 155457 (2024).","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"2401_CR415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1165649","volume":"14","author":"W Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, W. et al. The signaling pathways of traditional Chinese medicine in treating diabetic retinopathy. Front. Pharm. 14, 1165649 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Pharm."},{"key":"2401_CR416","first-page":"227","volume":"94","author":"MJ Snyder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Snyder, M. J., Gibbs, L. M. & Lindsay, T. J. Treating painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: an update. Am. Fam. Physician 94, 227\u2013234 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"2401_CR417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118424","volume":"333","author":"L Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng, L. et al. The mechanisms underlying Chinese medicines to treat inflammation in diabetic kidney disease. J. Ethnopharmacol. 333, 118424 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2401_CR418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-017-2911-0","volume":"25","author":"W Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song, W. & Zhu, Y. W. Chinese medicines in diabetic retinopathy therapies. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 25, 316\u2013320 (2019).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05685-7","volume":"65","author":"N Hermanns","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hermanns, N. et al. Coordination of glucose monitoring, self-care behaviour and mental health: achieving precision monitoring in diabetes. Diabetologia 65, 1883\u20131894 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S005","volume":"46","author":"NA ElSayed","year":"2023","unstructured":"ElSayed, N. A. et al. Facilitating positive health behaviors and well-being to improve health outcomes: standards of care in diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care 46, S68\u2013S96 (2023).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.09.005","volume":"29","author":"S Ashrafzadeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ashrafzadeh, S. & Hamdy, O. Patient-driven diabetes care of the future in the technology era. Cell Metab. 29, 564\u2013575 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2401_CR422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa120","volume":"27","author":"B Ljubic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ljubic, B. et al. Predicting complications of diabetes mellitus using advanced machine learning algorithms. J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. 27, 1343\u20131351 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc."},{"key":"2401_CR423","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23458-5","volume":"12","author":"L Dai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai, L. et al. A deep learning system for detecting diabetic retinopathy across the disease spectrum. Nat. Commun. 12, 3242 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2401_CR424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0164","volume":"21","author":"M Bhaskaranand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhaskaranand, M. et al. The value of automated diabetic retinopathy screening with the EyeArt system: a study of more than 100,000 consecutive encounters from people with diabetes. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 21, 635\u2013643 (2019).","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296816628546","volume":"10","author":"M Bhaskaranand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhaskaranand, M. et al. Automated diabetic retinopathy screening and monitoring using retinal fundus image analysis. J. Diabetes Sci. Technol. 10, 254\u2013261 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2401_CR426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.11.014","volume":"124","author":"A Tufail","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tufail, A. et al. Automated diabetic retinopathy image assessment software: diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness compared with human graders. Ophthalmology 124, 343\u2013351 (2017).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2401_CR427","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0300-7","volume":"25","author":"EJ Topol","year":"2019","unstructured":"Topol, E. J. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nat. Med. 25, 44\u201356 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR428","first-page":"362","volume":"295","author":"R Aljuraid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aljuraid, R. & Justinia, T. Classification of challenges and threats in healthcare cybersecurity: a systematic review. Stud. Health Technol. Inf. 295, 362\u2013365 (2022).","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inf."},{"key":"2401_CR429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.913021","volume":"13","author":"W Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. New diagnostic model for the differentiation of diabetic nephropathy from non-diabetic nephropathy in Chinese patients. Front. Endocrinol.13, 913021 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2401_CR430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 352, 837\u2013853 (1998).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6"},{"key":"2401_CR431","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114249","volume":"22","author":"A Khandakar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khandakar, A. et al. A Novel Machine Learning Approach for Severity Classification of Diabetic Foot Complications Using Thermogram Images. Sensors 22, 4249 (2022).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2401_CR432","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.104042","volume":"126","author":"RB Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, R. B. et al. Utilization of smartphone and tablet camera photographs to predict healing of diabetes-related foot ulcers. Comput Biol. Med. 126, 104042 (2020).","journal-title":"Comput Biol. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR433","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-05023-4","volume":"63","author":"BM Williams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williams, B. M. et al. An artificial intelligence-based deep learning algorithm for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy using corneal confocal microscopy: a development and validation study. Diabetologia 63, 419\u2013430 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2012","volume":"44","author":"T Salahouddin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salahouddin, T. et al. Artificial intelligence-based classification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy from corneal confocal microscopy images. Diabetes Care 44, e151\u2013e153 (2021).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05617-x","volume":"65","author":"FG Preston","year":"2022","unstructured":"Preston, F. G. et al. Artificial intelligence utilising corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. Diabetologia 65, 457\u2013466 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR436","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23244","DOI":"10.2196\/23244","volume":"23","author":"C Eberle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eberle, C. & Stichling, S. Clinical improvements by telemedicine interventions managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes: systematic meta-review. J. Med. Internet Res. 23, e23244 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"2401_CR437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/51538","volume":"26","author":"K Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, K. et al. Telemedicine in improving glycemic control among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Med Internet Res. 26, e51538 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Med Internet Res."},{"key":"2401_CR438","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37430","volume":"24","author":"EY Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee, E. Y. et al. Efficacy of personalized diabetes self-care using an electronic medical record-integrated mobile app in patients with type 2 diabetes: 6-month randomized controlled trial. J. Med. Internet Res. 24, e37430 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"2401_CR439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20322","volume":"22","author":"E Gong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gong, E. et al. My diabetes coach, a mobile app-based interactive conversational agent to support type 2 diabetes self-management: randomized effectiveness-implementation trial. J. Med. Internet Res. 22, e20322 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"2401_CR440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03287-7","volume":"14","author":"A Lotfy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lotfy, A., AboQuella, N. M. & Wang, H. Mesenchymal stromal\/stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in clinical trials. Stem Cell Res Ther. 14, 66 (2023).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther."},{"key":"2401_CR441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.94788","volume":"14","author":"G Belge Bilgin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Belge Bilgin, G. et al. Theranostics and artificial intelligence: new frontiers in personalized medicine. Theranostics 14, 2367\u20132378 (2024).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2401_CR442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S219","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S011","volume":"47","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice, C. 11","year":"2024","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice, C. 11 Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care 47, S219\u2013S230 (2024).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"sfad249","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad249","volume":"17","author":"FH Marup","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marup, F. H., Thomsen, M. B. & Birn, H. Additive effects of dapagliflozin and finerenone on albuminuria in non-diabetic CKD: an open-label randomized clinical trial. Clin. Kidney J. 17, sfad249 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"2401_CR444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091864","volume":"14","author":"S Sbrignadello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sbrignadello, S., Gobl, C. & Tura, A. Bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of body composition in sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes. Nutrients 14, 1864 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2401_CR445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-023-01262-w","volume":"22","author":"N Johri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Johri, N. et al. A comprehensive review on the risks assessment and treatment options for Sarcopenia in people with diabetes. J. Diabetes Metab. Disord. 22, 995\u20131010 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"2401_CR446","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","volume":"21","author":"LK Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, L. K. et al. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 21, 300\u2013307 e302 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"2401_CR447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.11.1281","volume":"17","author":"EL Feldman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Feldman, E. L. et al. A practical two-step quantitative clinical and electrophysiological assessment for the diagnosis and staging of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 17, 1281\u20131289 (1994).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.11.2048","volume":"25","author":"V Bril","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bril, V. & Perkins, B. A. Validation of the Toronto Clinical Scoring System for diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care 25, 2048\u20132052 (2002).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2401_CR449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02667.x","volume":"26","author":"V Bril","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bril, V., Tomioka, S., Buchanan, R. A., Perkins, B. A. & mTCNS Study Group Reliability and validity of the modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Diabet. Med. 26, 240\u2013246 (2009).","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR450","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400697","volume":"36","author":"MJ Young","year":"1993","unstructured":"Young, M. J., Boulton, A. J., MacLeod, A. F., Williams, D. R. & Sonksen, P. H. A multicentre study of the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the United Kingdom hospital clinic population. Diabetologia 36, 150\u2013154 (1993).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2401_CR451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00819.x","volume":"19","author":"JW Meijer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Meijer, J. W. et al. Symptom scoring systems to diagnose distal polyneuropathy in diabetes: the Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom score. Diabet. Med. 19, 962\u2013965 (2002).","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"2401_CR452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410080608","volume":"8","author":"PJ Dyck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dyck, P. J. et al. Human diabetic endoneurial sorbitol, fructose, and myo-inositol related to sural nerve morphometry. Ann. Neurol. 8, 590\u2013596 (2004).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41392-025-02401-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41392-025-02401-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41392-025-02401-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:01:47Z","timestamp":1768780907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41392-025-02401-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":452,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-025-02401-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2059-3635"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2059-3635","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22"}}