{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T01:58:29Z","timestamp":1780106309502,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90SI5017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90SI5017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90SI5017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90SI5017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90SI5017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90SI5017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90SI5017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90SI5017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90SI5017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90SI5017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90SI5017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90SI5017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90SI5017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90SI5017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90SI5017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90SI5017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | ACL | National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-019-0399-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T14:05:32Z","timestamp":1575986732000},"page":"553-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An interview based approach to the anorectal portion of the International Standards of Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Exam (I-A-ISNCSCI): a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9592-5441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Chun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5675-4096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Ying","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Spielman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristell","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianny","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Kolakowsky-Hayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel X.","family":"Escalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas N.","family":"Bryce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"399_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1179\/204577211X13207446293695","volume":"34","author":"SC Kirshblum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kirshblum SC, Burns SP, Biering-Sorensen F, Donovan W, Graves DE, Jha A, et al. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (Revised 2011). J Spinal Cord Med. 2013;34:535\u201346.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"399_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.246","volume":"53","author":"F Biering-Sorensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Biering-Sorensen F, Alai S, Anderson K, Charlifue S, Chen Y, DeVivo M, et al. Common data elements for spinal cord injury clinical research: a National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke project. Spinal Cord. 2015;53:265\u201377.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"399_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101958","volume":"44","author":"M DeVivo","year":"2006","unstructured":"DeVivo M, Biering-Sorensen F, Charlifue S, Noonan V, Post M, Stripling T, et al. International Spinal Cord Injury Core Data Set. Spinal Cord. 2006;44:535\u201340.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"399_CR4","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Annual statistical report for the spinal cord injury model systems public version. 2017. https:\/\/www.nscisc.uab.edu. Accessed 15 Oct 2018."},{"key":"399_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patsakos E, Kaiser A, Brisbois L, Farahani F, Craven BC. Effectiveness of retention strategies to minimize participant attrition: the Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry (RHISCIR). In: Abstracts and Workshops 7th National Spinal Cord Injury Conference November 9\u201311, 2017. Fallsview Casino Resort Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. J Spinal Cord Med. 2017;40:813\u201369. https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/10790268.2017.1369666.","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2017.1369666"},{"key":"399_CR6","unstructured":"American Spinal Injury Association. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (revised 2019). Richmond, VA: American Spinal Injury Association; 2019."},{"key":"399_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.44","volume":"47","author":"JJ Van Middendorp","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Middendorp JJ, Hosman AJ, Pouw MH. Is determination between complete and incomplete traumatic spinal cord injury clinically relevant? Validation of the ASIA sacral sparing criteria in a prospective cohort of 432 patients. Spinal Cord. 2009;47:809\u201316.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"399_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2008.180","volume":"47","author":"LC Vogel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vogel LC, Samdani A, Chafetz RS, Gaughan JP, Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ. Intra-rater agreement of the anorectal exam and classification of injury in children with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2009;47:687\u201391.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"399_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.144","volume":"49","author":"A Samdani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Samdani A, Chafetz RS, Vogel LC, Betz RR, Gaughan JP, Mulcahey MJ. The international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury: relationship between S4-5 dermatome testing and anorectal testing. Spinal Cord. 2011;49:352\u20136.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"399_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41394-017-0015-x","volume":"3","author":"M Alexander","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alexander M, Aslam H, Marino RJ. Pulse article: How do you do the international standards for neurological classification of SCI anorectal exam? Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2017;3:17078.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases"},{"key":"399_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.121","volume":"50","author":"LA Harvey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harvey LA, Weber G, Heriseanu R, Bowden JL. The diagnostic accuracy of self-report for determining S4-5 sensory and motor function in people with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2012;50:119\u201322.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"399_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.03.028","volume":"12","author":"J Zariffa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zariffa J, Kramer JL, Jones LA, Lammertse DP, Curt A, Steeves JD, et al. Sacral sparing in SCI: beyond the S4-S5 and anorectal examination. Spine J. 2012;12:389\u2013400 e3.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"399_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2017.77","volume":"55","author":"N Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu N, Xing H, Zhou MW, Biering-Sorensen F. Development and validation of a bowel-routine-based self-report questionnaire for sacral sparing after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2017;55:1010\u20135.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"399_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2017.1410307","volume":"41","author":"R Hamilton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamilton R, Kirshblum S, Sikka S, Callender L, Bennett M, Prajapati P. Sacral examination in spinal cord injury: is it really needed? J Spinal Cord Med. 2018;41:556\u201361.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"399_CR15","unstructured":"Chun A, Delgado A, Tsai C, Kolakowsky-Hayner S, Taylor K, Ramirez A, et al. The validity of interview based examination for spinal cord injury (VIBES) for the assessment of sacral sparing. [Presentation] American Spinal Injury Association Annual Scientific Meeting. Waikiki, Hawaii. 4th April 2019. https:\/\/www2.asia-spinalinjury.org\/meetings\/2019\/guide\/program\/sessions\/detail.iphtml?id=1072."},{"key":"399_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2013a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42:377\u201381.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"399_CR17","unstructured":"ASIA e-Learning Center\u2013American Spinal Injury Association. International Standards Training E Program (InSTeP). 2018. http:\/\/asia-spinalinjury.org\/learning\/. Accessed 15 Oct 2018."},{"key":"399_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159\u201374.","journal-title":"Biometrics"}],"container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-019-0399-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-019-0399-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-019-0399-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T21:38:28Z","timestamp":1684618708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-019-0399-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41393-019-0399-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-4393","1476-5624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-4393","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"We certify that all applicable institutional and governmental regulations concerning the ethical use of human volunteers were followed during the course of this research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}