{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T11:24:45Z","timestamp":1775042685821,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Author MGP was supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award"},{"name":"The Institute for Safety, Compensation and recovery Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-020-00568-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T09:04:20Z","timestamp":1603098260000},"page":"730-737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparison of segmental lean tissue mass in individuals with spinal cord injury measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and predicted by bioimpedance spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9224-3728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Desneves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8353-4061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maya G.","family":"Panisset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0045-7978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary P.","family":"Galea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin M.","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leigh C.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"568_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050606","volume":"80","author":"MJ Castro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Castro MJ, Apple DF Jr, Hillegass EA, Dudley GA. Influence of complete spinal cord injury on skeletal muscle cross-sectional area within the first 6 months of injury. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999;80:373\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"key":"568_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101968","volume":"45","author":"A Gorgey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gorgey A, Dudley G. Skeletal muscle atrophy and increased intramuscular fat after incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2007;45:304.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"568_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2004.01.0001","volume":"41","author":"WA Bauman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bauman WA, Spungen AM, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr. The relationship between energy expenditure and lean tissue in monozygotic twins discordant for spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2004;41:1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"568_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2244","volume":"49","author":"P Felleiter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Felleiter P, Krebs J, Haeberli Y, Schmid W, Tesini S, Perret C. Post-traumatic changes in energy expenditure and body composition in patients with acute spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Med. 2017;49:579\u201384.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"568_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533616676264","volume":"32","author":"LM Teigen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Teigen LM, Kuchnia AJ, Mourtzakis M, Earthman CP. The use of technology for estimating body composition: strengths and weaknesses of common modalities in a clinical setting. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017;32:20\u20139.","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"568_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772313Y.0000000151","volume":"37","author":"LA Beck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beck LA, Lamb JL, Atkinson EJ, Wuermser LA, Amin S. Body composition of women and men with complete motor paraplegia. J Spinal Cord Med. 2014;37:359\u201365.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"568_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.2.371","volume":"77","author":"AC Buchholz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buchholz AC, McGillivray CF, Pencharz PB. Differences in resting metabolic rate between paraplegic and able-bodied subjects are explained by differences in body composition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:371\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"568_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-003-0061-7","volume":"40","author":"M Maggioni","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maggioni M, Bertoli S, Testolin G, Merati G, Margonato V, Veicsteinas A. Body composition assessment in spinal cord injury subjects. Acta Diabetol. 2003;40:S183\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"568_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00729.2002","volume":"95","author":"AM Spungen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Spungen AM, Adkins RH, Stewart CA, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr, Waters RL, et al. Factors influencing body composition in persons with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study. J Appl Physiol. 2003;95:2398.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"568_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00045-5","volume":"84","author":"LM Jones","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jones LM, Legge M, Goulding A. Healthy body mass index values often underestimate body fat in men with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:1068\u201371.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"568_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772313Y.0000000108","volume":"36","author":"CM Cirnigliaro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cirnigliaro CM, La Fountaine MF, Emmons R, Kirshblum SC, Asselin P, Spungen AM, et al. Prediction of limb lean tissue mass from bioimpedance spectroscopy in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2013;36:443\u201353.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"568_CR12","first-page":"765","volume":"42","author":"DN Nuhlicek","year":"1988","unstructured":"Nuhlicek DN, Spurr GB, Barboriak JJ, Rooney CB, el Ghatit AZ, Bongard RD. Body composition of patients with spinal cord injury. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1988;42:765\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"568_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.128760","volume":"48","author":"R Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh R, Rohilla RK, Saini G, Kaur K. Longitudinal study of body composition in spinal cord injury patients. Indian J Orthop. 2014;48:168.","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"568_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.06.004","volume":"23","author":"UG Kyle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kyle UG, Bosaeus I, De Lorenzo AD, Deurenberg P, Elia M, G\u00f3mez JM, et al. Bioelectrical impedance analysis\u2014part I: review of principles and methods. Clin Nutr. 2004;23:1226\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"568_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-017-0035-1","volume":"56","author":"MG Panisset","year":"2018","unstructured":"Panisset MG, Desneves K, Ward LC, Rafferty J, Rodi H, Roff G, et al. Bedside quantification of fat-free mass in acute spinal cord injury using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a psychometric study. Spinal Cord. 2018;56:355.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"568_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00010.2013","volume":"115","author":"Y Yamada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yamada Y, Watanabe Y, Ikenaga M, Yokoyama K, Yoshida T, Morimoto T, et al. Comparison of single-or multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and spectroscopy for assessment of appendicular skeletal muscle in the elderly. J Appl Physiol. 2013;115:812\u20138.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"568_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1669","volume":"44","author":"P Sheean","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sheean P, Gonzalez MC, Prado CM, McKeever L, Hall AM, Braunschweig CA. American society for parenteral and enteral nutrition clinical guidelines: the validity of body composition assessment in clinical populations. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2020;44:12\u201343.","journal-title":"J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"key":"568_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.001","volume":"25","author":"S Kirshblum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kirshblum S, Waring W III. Updates for the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2014;25:505\u201317.","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"568_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.1997.11734580","volume":"20","author":"E Garshick","year":"1997","unstructured":"Garshick E, Ashba J, Tun GC, Lieberman LS, Brown R. Assessment of stature in spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 1997;20:36\u201342.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"568_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.04.026","volume":"97","author":"CA Pelletier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pelletier CA, Miyatani M, Giangregorio L, Craven BC. Original research: sarcopenic obesity in adults with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97:1931\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"568_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/20\/3\/302","volume":"20","author":"B Cornish","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cornish B, Jacobs A, Thomas B, Ward L. Optimizing electrode sites for segmental bioimpedance measurements. Physiol Meas. 1999;20:241.","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"568_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/00004669-199211000-00016","volume":"17","author":"B Thomas","year":"1992","unstructured":"Thomas B, Cornish B, Ward L. Bioelectrical impedance analysis for measurement of body fluid volumes: a review. J Clin Eng. 1992;17:505\u201310.","journal-title":"J Clin Eng"},{"key":"568_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/36\/7\/1529","volume":"36","author":"L Ward","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ward L, Isenring E, Dyer J, Kagawa M, Essex T. Resistivity coefficients for body composition analysis using bioimpedance spectroscopy: effects of body dominance and mixture theory algorithm. Physiol Meas. 2015;36:1529.","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"568_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seoane F, Abtahi S, Abtahi F, Elleg\u00e5rd L, Johannsson G, Bosaeus I, et al. Mean expected error in prediction of total body water: a true accuracy comparison between bioimpedance spectroscopy and single frequency regression equations. BioMed Res Int. 2015:1\u201311;2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/656323"},{"key":"568_CR25","unstructured":"WHO. Physical status: the use of and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. 854:1\u2013452;1995."},{"key":"568_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desneves KJ, Panisset MG, Rafferty J, Rodi H, Ward LC, Nunn A, et al. Comparison of estimated energy requirements using predictive equations with total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labelled water method in acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2019:57;562\u201370.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-019-0253-9"},{"key":"568_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(02)04950-X","volume":"84","author":"AC Buchholz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buchholz AC, Pencharz PB, McGillivray CF. The use of bioelectric impedance analysis to measure fluid compartments in subjects with chronic paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:854\u201361.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"568_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/000331970205300106","volume":"53","author":"BH Cornish","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cornish BH, Thomas BJ, Ward LC, Hirst C, Bunce IH. A new technique for the quantification of peripheral edema with application in both unilateral and bilateral cases. Angiology. 2002;53:41\u20137.","journal-title":"Angiology."},{"key":"568_CR29","first-page":"11","volume":"15","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tanaka T, Yamada Y, Ohata K, Yabe K. Intra-and extra-cellular water distribution in the limbs after cervical spinal cord injury. J Exerc Sports Physiol. 2008;15:11\u20137.","journal-title":"J Exerc Sports Physiol"},{"key":"568_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2004.05.213","volume":"104","author":"MP Fuhrman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fuhrman MP, Charney P, Mueller CM. Hepatic proteins and nutrition assessment. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104:1258\u201364.","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"568_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5617\/jeb.4104","volume":"8","author":"OM Steihaug","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steihaug OM, Bogen B, Ranhoff AH, Kristoffersen MH. Bones, blood and steel: How bioelectrical impedance analysis is affected by hip fracture and surgical implants. J Electr Bioimpedance. 2017;8:54\u20139.","journal-title":"J Electr Bioimpedance"}],"container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-020-00568-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-020-00568-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-020-00568-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T03:12:10Z","timestamp":1634613130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-020-00568-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41393-020-00568-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-4393","1476-5624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-4393","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Author LCW consults to Impedimed Ltd. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee (H2013\/05117) and all applicable institutional and governmental regulations concerning the ethical use of human volunteers were followed.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}