{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T22:24:35Z","timestamp":1774736675247,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-020-0491-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T10:05:50Z","timestamp":1591092350000},"page":"1263-1273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparison of outcomes between people with and without central cord syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Blasetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pavese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doris D.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Weidner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3873-1023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruediger","family":"Rupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8328-8438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. Kalke","family":"Yorck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kriz","family":"Jiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Curt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Molinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5766-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Scivoletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"491_CR1","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, Facts and Figures at a Glance. Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2018. https:\/\/www.nscisc.uab.edu\/Public\/Facts%20and%20Figures%20-%202018.pdf."},{"key":"491_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2013.180","volume":"52","author":"JHB Nijendijk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nijendijk JHB, Post MWM, van Asbeck FWA. Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injuries in the Netherlands in 2010. Spinal Cord. 2014;52:258\u201363.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.167","volume":"54","author":"EJ McCaughey","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCaughey EJ, Purcell M, McLean AN, Fraser MH, Bewick A, Borotkanics RJ, et al. Changing demographics of spinal cord injury over a 20-year period: a longitudinal population-based study in Scotland. Spinal Cord. 2016;54:270\u201376.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2017.88","volume":"55","author":"S Ferro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferro S, Cecconi L, Bonavita J, Pagliacci MC, Biggeri A, Franceschini M. Incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in Italy during 2013\u20132014: a population-based study. Spinal Cord. 2017;55:1103\u20137.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2017.13","volume":"55","author":"A Montoto-Marqu\u00e9s","year":"2017","unstructured":"Montoto-Marqu\u00e9s A, Ferreiro-Velasco ME, Salvador-de la Barrera S, Balboa-Barreiro V, Rodriguez-Sotillo A, Meijide-Failde R. Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Galicia, Spain: trends over a 20-year period. Spinal Cord. 2017;55:588\u201394.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00234-X","volume":"84","author":"MC Pagliacci","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pagliacci MC, Celani MG, Zampolini M, Spizzichino L, Franceschini M, Baratta S, et al. An Italian Survey of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. The Gruppo Italiano Studio Epidemiologico Mielolesioni Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:1266\u201375.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"491_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-015-0061-4","volume":"2","author":"JD Chamberlain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chamberlain JD, Deriaz O, Hund-Georgiadis M, Meier S, Scheel-Sailer A, Schubert M, et al. Epidemiology and contemporary risk profile of traumatic spinal cord injury in Switzerland. Inj Epidemiol. 2015;2:28.","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"key":"491_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000338297","volume":"39","author":"A Garcia-Altes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garcia-Altes A, Perez K, Novoa A, Suelves JM, Bernabeu M, Vidal J, et al. Spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury: a cost-of-illness study. Neuroepidmiology. 2012;39:103\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuroepidmiology"},{"key":"491_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2007.11753929","volume":"30","author":"W McKinley","year":"2007","unstructured":"McKinley W, Santos K, Meade M, Brooke K. Incidence and outcomes of spinal cord injury clinical syndromes. J Spinal Cord Med. 2007;30:215\u201324.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"491_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1971.03180290049006","volume":"216","author":"A Bosch","year":"1971","unstructured":"Bosch A, Stauffer ES, Nickel VL. Incomplete traumatic quadriplegia. A ten-year review. JAMA. 1971;216:473\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"491_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772314Y.0000000233","volume":"38","author":"C Thompson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thompson C, Mutch J, Parent S, Mac-Thiong JM. The changing demographics of traumatic spinal cord injury: An 11-year study of 831 patients. J Spinal Cord Med. 2015;38:214\u201323.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"491_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1954.11.6.0546","volume":"11","author":"RC Schneider","year":"1954","unstructured":"Schneider RC, Cherry G, Pantek H. The syndrome of acute central cervical spinal cord injury; with special reference to the mechanisms involved in hyperextension injuries of cervical spine. J Neurosurg. 1954;11:546\u201377.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"491_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2016.08.002","volume":"28","author":"NP Brooks","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brooks NP. Central cord syndrome. Neurosurg Clin North Am. 2017;28:41\u201347.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin North Am"},{"key":"491_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588148","volume":"34","author":"RM Quencer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Quencer RM, Bunge RP, Egnor M, Green BA, Puckett W, Naidich TP, et al. Acute traumatic central cord syndrome: MRI-pathological correlations. Neuroradiology. 1992;34:85\u201394.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"491_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101944","volume":"45","author":"S Aito","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aito S, Andrea MD, Werhagen L, Farsetti L, Cappelli S, Bandini B, et al. Neurological and functional outcome in traumatic central cord syndrome. Spinal Cord. 2007;45:292\u20137.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1996.129","volume":"34","author":"RL Waters","year":"1996","unstructured":"Waters RL, Adkins RH, Sie IH, Yakura JS. Motor recovery following spinal cord injury associated with cervical spondylosis: a collaborativ study. Spinal Cord. 1996;34:711\u20135.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90249-6","volume":"80","author":"RJ Marino","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marino RJ, Ditunno JF, Donovan WH, Maynard F. Neurologic recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury: data from the model spinal cord injury systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1391\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"491_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2017.09.003","volume":"61","author":"Y Ronzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ronzi Y, Perrouin-Verbe B, Hamel O, Gross R. Spinal cord injury associated with cervical spinal canal stenosis: Outcomes and prognostic factors. Ann Phys Rehabilitation Med. 2018;61:27\u201332.","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabilitation Med"},{"key":"491_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1179\/107902611X13186000420242","volume":"34","author":"SC Kirshblum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kirshblum SC, Waring W, Biering-Sorensen F, Burns SP, Johansen M, Schmidt-Read M, et al. Reference for the 2011 revision of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2011;34:547\u201354.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"491_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.001","volume":"25","author":"S Kirshblum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kirshblum S, Waring W. Updates for the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2014;25:505\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.001.","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"491_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2085","volume":"29","author":"C Schuld","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schuld C, Wiese J, Hug A, Putz C, Hedel HJ, Spiess MR, et al. Computer implementation of the international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury for consistent and efficient derivation of its subscores including handling of data from not testable segments. J Neurotrauma. 2012;29:453\u201361.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"491_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111\u20137.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102"},{"key":"491_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.180","volume":"49","author":"G Scivoletto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scivoletto G, Tamburella F, Laurenza L, Foti C, Ditunno JF, Molinari M. Validity and reliability of the 10-m walk test and the 6-min walk test in spinal cord injury patients. Spinal Cord. 2011;49:736\u201340.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101223","volume":"39","author":"PL Ditunno","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ditunno PL, Ditunno JF. Walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI II): scale revision. Spinal Cord. 2001;39:654\u20136.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101315","volume":"40","author":"M Itzkovich","year":"2002","unstructured":"Itzkovich M, Tripolski M, Zeilig G, Ring H, Rosentul N, Ronen J, et al. Rasch analysis of the Catz-Itzkovich spinal cord independence measure. Spinal Cord. 2002;40:396\u2013407.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101960","volume":"45","author":"A Catz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Catz A, Itzkovich M, Tesio L, Biering-Sorensen F, Weeks C, Laramee MT, et al. Multicenter International Study on the Spinal Cord Independence Measure, version III: Rasch psychometric validation. Spinal Cord. 2007;45:275\u201391.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302ra134","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac5811.","volume":"7","author":"L Friedli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Friedli L, Rosenzweig ES, Barraud Q, Schubert M, Dominici N, Awai L, et al. Pronounced species divergence in corticospinal tract reorganization and functional recovery after lateralized spinal cord injury favors primates. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7:302ra134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac5811.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"491_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.72","volume":"48","author":"JJ Middendorp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Middendorp JJ, Pouw MH, Hayes KC, Williams R, Chhabra C, Putz HS, et al. Diagnostic criteria of traumatic central cord syndrome. Part 2: a questionnaire survey among spine specialists. Spinal Cord. 2010;48:657\u201363.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniel E, Ho DE, Kosuke Imai K, Gary King G, Elizabeth A, Stuart EA. MatchIt: nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference. J Stat Softw. 2011;42:1\u201328. http:\/\/www.jstatsoft.org\/v42\/i08\/.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i08"},{"key":"491_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000953","volume":"77","author":"MG Fehlings","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fehlings MG, Tetreault L, Nater A, Choma T, Harrop J, Mroz T, et al. The aging of the global population: the changing epidemiology of disease and spinal disorders. Neurosurgery. 2015;77:S1\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"491_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.12.003","volume":"88","author":"SC Kirshblum","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kirshblum SC, Priebe MM, Ho CH, Scelza WM, Chiodo AE, Wuermser LA. Spinal Cord Injury Medicine. 3. Rehabilitation Phase Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88 3 Suppl 1:S62\u201370.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"491_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280601046302","volume":"29","author":"M Itzkovich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Itzkovich M, Gelernter I, Biering-Sorensen F, Weeks C, Laramee MT, Craven BC, et al. The Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) version III: reliability and validity in a multi-center international study. Disabil Rehabil. 2007;29:1926\u201333.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"491_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.149","volume":"48","author":"M Wirz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wirz M, Z\u00f6rner B, Rupp R, Dietz V. Outcome after incomplete spinal cord injury: central cord versus Brown-Sequard syndrome. Spinal Cord. 2010;48:407\u201314.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"491_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.171","volume":"49","author":"MH MH Pouw","year":"2011","unstructured":"MH Pouw MH, JJ van Middendorp JJ, A van Kampen A, A Curt A, H van de Meent H, Hosman AJF, for the EM-SCI study group. Diagnostic criteria of traumatic central cord syndrome. Part 3: descriptive analyses of neurological and functional outcomes in a prospective cohort of traumatic motor incomplete tetraplegics. Spinal Cord. 2011;49:614\u201322.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"}],"container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-020-0491-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-020-0491-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-020-0491-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T21:39:39Z","timestamp":1684618779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-020-0491-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41393-020-0491-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-4393","1476-5624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-4393","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"We certify that all applicable institutional and governmental regulations concerning the ethical use of human volunteers\/animals were followed during the course of this research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}}]}}