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Data were extracted by two independent reviewers using a pre-defined data collection form. The pooled effect estimate was computed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was calculated using I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistic and chi-squared test (CRD42020166162).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We screened 4863 abstracts, of which 47 studies with 3878 participants (3280 males, 526 females, 72 sex unknown) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to paraplegia, individuals with tetraplegia had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (unadjusted weighted mean difference, \u221214.5\u2009mmHg, 95% CI \u221219.2, \u22129.9; \u22127.0\u2009mmHg 95% CI \u22129.2, \u22124.8, respectively), lower triglycerides (\u221210.9\u2009mg\/dL, 95% CI \u221219.7, \u22122.1), total cholesterol (\u22129.9\u2009mg\/dL, 95% CI \u221214.5, \u22125.4), high-density lipoprotein (\u22121.7\u2009mg\/dL, 95% CI \u22123.3, \u22120.2) and low-density lipoprotein (\u22125.8\u2009mg\/dL, 95% CI \u22129.0, \u22122.5). Comparing\u00a0individuals with high- vs.\u00a0low-thoracic\u00a0SCI, persons with higher injury had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (\u221210.3\u2009mmHg, 95% CI \u221213.4, \u22127.1; \u22125.3\u2009mmHg 95% CI \u22127.5, \u22123.2, respectively), while no differences were found for low-density lipoprotein, serum glucose, insulin, and inflammation markers. High heterogeneity was partially explained by age, prevalent cardiovascular diseases and medication use, body mass index, sample size, and quality of studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In SCI individuals, the level of injury may be an additional non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Future well-designed longitudinal studies with sufficient follow-up and providing sex-stratified analyses should confirm our findings and explore the role of SCI level in cardiovascular health and overall prognosis and survival.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-021-00678-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T19:24:51Z","timestamp":1629487491000},"page":"1135-1145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The neurological level of spinal cord injury and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9716-4746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Francis","family":"Raguindin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6997-4805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gion","family":"Fr\u00e4nkl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oche Adam","family":"Itodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bertolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona Maria","family":"Zeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Capossela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Minder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6842-6284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jivko","family":"Stoyanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerold","family":"Stucki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4606-4929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar H.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taulant","family":"Muka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0108-2576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Glisic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"678_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101744","volume":"43","author":"AC Buchholz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buchholz AC, Bugaresti JM. 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