{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:17:47Z","timestamp":1793427467953,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Systematic review.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate the changes in the microbiome among human and animal populations with spinal cord injury (SCI).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Four databases (EMBASE, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Trials (CENTRAL)) and Google Scholar were searched. No language restrictions were applied. Data extraction was done in parallel and independently by two reviewers. The search was last conducted on 07 April 2021.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There were 6869 studies retrieved, 43 full-text studies reviewed, and 19 studies included. There were seven animal gut studies, six human gut studies, and six urinary tract studies identified. There were no publications found on other body sites. Among the included studies, we observed a consistent and significant difference in gut microbiome composition between populations with SCI and able-bodied populations. This is characterized by a decrease in beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria (<jats:italic>Faecalbacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Megamonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Roseburia<\/jats:italic>) and an increase in inflammation-associated bacteria (<jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anaerotruncus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic>). On the other hand, the urine of individuals with SCI was polymicrobial and members of Enterobacteriaceae (<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>) were frequently observed. Probiotics were shown to induce a significant but transient shift in the urinary tract microbiome. The studies had low to moderate risks of bias.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There are limited studies on the changes in microbiome among SCI populations. The gut microbiome was characterized by bacterial profiles associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic disorder while the studies of the urinary tract microbiome show the dominance of bacterial genera associated with urinary tract infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-021-00737-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T10:03:10Z","timestamp":1641463390000},"page":"288-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Systematic review of the changes in the microbiome following spinal cord injury: animal and human evidence"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezra","family":"Valido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bertolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6997-4805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gion Philip","family":"Fr\u00e4nkl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oche Adam","family":"Itodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tain\u00e1","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9910-1295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Pannek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9051-0976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doris","family":"Kopp-Heim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0108-2576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Glisic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6842-6284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jivko","family":"Stoyanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"737_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.113085","volume":"323","author":"KA Kigerl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kigerl KA, Zane K, Adams K, Sullivan MB, Popovich PG. The spinal cord-gut-immune axis as a master regulator of health and neurological function after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 2020;323:113085.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"737_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124234","volume":"312","author":"SR Gill","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gill SR, Pop M, DeBoy RT, Eckburg PB, Turnbaugh PJ, Samuel BS, et al. Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome. Science. 2006;312:1355\u20139.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"737_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00704","volume":"11","author":"T Jogia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jogia T, Ruitenberg MJ. Traumatic spinal cord injury and the gut microbiota: current insights and future challenges. Front Immunol. 2020;11:704.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"737_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.12.FOCUS18206","volume":"46","author":"DJ Wallace","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wallace DJ, Sayre NL, Patterson TT, Nicholson SE, Hilton D, Grandhi R. Spinal cord injury and the human microbiome: beyond the brain\u2013gut axis. Neurosurg Focus. 2019;46:E11.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"737_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/89.9.873","volume":"89","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Prisma Group. Reprint\u2014preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Phys Ther. 2009;89:873\u201380.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"737_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00576-5","volume":"35","author":"T Muka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muka T, Glisic M, Milic J, Verhoog S, Bohlius J, Bramer W, et al. A 24-step guide on how to design, conduct, and successfully publish a systematic review and meta-analysis in medical research. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35:49\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"737_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06244","volume":"449","author":"PJ Turnbaugh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI. A strategy to understand the microbial components of the human genetic and metabolic landscape and how they contribute to normal physiology and predisposition to disease. Nature. 2007;449:804\u201310.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"737_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","volume":"486","author":"Consortium THMP.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Consortium THMP. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature. 2012;486:207\u201314.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"737_CR9","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program. OHAT Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies. US Department of Health and Human Sciences. 2015. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/ohat\/pubs\/riskofbiastool_508.pdf. Accessed on 01 Oct 2020."},{"key":"737_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5349","volume":"35","author":"G O\u2019Connor","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor G, Jeffrey E, Madorma D, Marcillo A, Abreu MT, Deo SK, et al. Investigation of microbiota alterations and intestinal inflammation post-spinal cord injury in rat model. J Neurotrauma. 2018;35:2159\u201366.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"737_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jing Y, Yu Y, Bai F, Wang L, Yang D, Zhang C, et al. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on neurological restoration in a spinal cord injury mouse model: involvement of brain-gut axis. Microbiome. 2021;9:1-21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01007-y"},{"key":"737_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6012","volume":"36","author":"Y Jing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jing Y, Yang D, Bai F, Zhang C, Qin C, Li D, et al. Melatonin treatment alleviates spinal cord injury-induced gut dysbiosis in mice. J Neurotrauma. 2019;36:2646\u201364.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"737_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0226128","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226128","volume":"15","author":"EKA Schmidt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schmidt EKA, Torres-Espin A, Raposo PJF, Madsen KL, Kigerl KA, Popovich PG, et al. Fecal transplant prevents gut dysbiosis and anxiety-like behaviour after spinal cord injury in rats. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0226128.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"737_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10010024","volume":"10","author":"EKA Schmidt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schmidt EKA, Raposo PJF, Madsen KL, Fenrich KK, Kabarchuk G, Fouad K. What Makes a Successful Donor? Fecal Transplant from Anxious-Like Rats Does Not Prevent Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Dysbiosis. Biology. 2021;10:24.","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"737_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.12.008","volume":"124","author":"SA Myers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Myers SA, Gobejishvili L, Saraswat Ohri S, Garrett Wilson C, Andres KR, Riegler AS, et al. Following spinal cord injury, PDE4B drives an acute, local inflammatory response and a chronic, systemic response exacerbated by gut dysbiosis and endotoxemia. Neurobiol Dis. 2019;124:353\u201363.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"737_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151345","volume":"213","author":"KA Kigerl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kigerl KA, Hall JC, Wang L, Mo X, Yu Z, Popovich PG. Gut dysbiosis impairs recovery after spinal cord injury. J Exp Med. 2016;213:2603\u201320.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"737_CR17","first-page":"4817","volume":"11","author":"C Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang C, Jing Y, Zhang W, Zhang J, Yang M, Du L, et al. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with serum lipid profiles in male patients with chronic traumatic cervical spinal cord injury. Am J Transl Res. 2019;11:4817\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"737_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1735-9","volume":"16","author":"C Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang C, Zhang W, Zhang J, Jing Y, Yang M, Du L, et al. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in male patients with chronic traumatic complete spinal cord injury. J Transl Med. 2018;16:353.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"737_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0236470","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236470","volume":"15","author":"R Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin R, Xu J, Ma Q, Chen M, Wang L, Wen S, et al. Alterations in the fecal microbiota of patients with spinal cord injury. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0236470.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"737_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020224","volume":"10","author":"A Furuta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Furuta A, Suzuki Y, Takahashi R, Jakobsen BP, Kimura T, Egawa S, et al. Effects of transanal irrigation on gut microbiota in pediatric patients with spina bifida. J Clin Med. 2021;10:1\u201312.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"737_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2020.1760507","volume":"4","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Van Der Pol W, Eraslan M, McLain A, Cetin H, Cetin B, et al. Comparison of the gut microbiome composition among individuals with acute or long-standing spinal cord injury vs. able-bodied controls. J Spinal Cord Med. 2020;4:1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"737_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0145878","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145878","volume":"11","author":"B Gungor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gungor B, Adiguzel E, Gursel I, Yilmaz B, Gursel M. Intestinal microbiota in patients with spinal cord injury. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0145878.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"737_CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"44","author":"CS Forster","year":"2019","unstructured":"Forster CS, Hsieh MH, Perez-Losada M, Caldovic L, Pohl H, Ljungberg I, et al. A single intravesical instillation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is safe in children and adults with neuropathic bladder: A phase Ia clinical trial. J Spinal Cord Med. 2019;44:1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"737_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.02.005","volume":"16","author":"CS Forster","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forster CS, Panchapakesan K, Stroud C, Banerjee P, Gordish-Dressman H, Hsieh MH. A cross-sectional analysis of the urine microbiome of children with neuropathic bladders. J Pediatr Urol. 2020;16:593.e1\u2013593.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.02.005.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"737_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bossa L, Kline K, McDougald D, Lee BB, Rice SA. Urinary catheter-associated microbiota change in accordance with treatment and infection status. PLoS ONE. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0177633.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177633"},{"key":"737_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.21886\/2308-6424-2020-8-3-85-96","volume":"8","author":"ES Philippova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Philippova ES, Bazhenov IV, Zyrianov AV. Does botulinum therapy affect the urine microbiome of patients with neurogenic bladder? Metagenomic sequencing results. Vestn Urol. 2020;8:85\u201396.","journal-title":"Vestn Urol"},{"key":"737_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.01.088","volume":"196","author":"SL Groah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Groah SL, Perez-Losada M, Caldovic L, Ljungberg IH, Sprague BM, Castro-Nallar E, et al. Redefining Healthy Urine: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Metagenomic Study of People With and Without Bladder Dysfunction. J Urol. 2016;196:579\u201387.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"737_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-174","volume":"10","author":"DE Fouts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fouts DE, Pieper R, Szpakowski S, Pohl H, Knoblach S, Suh MJ, et al. Integrated next-generation sequencing of 16S rDNA and metaproteomics differentiate the healthy urine microbiome from asymptomatic bacteriuria in neuropathic bladder associated with spinal cord injury. J Transl Med. 2012;10:174.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"737_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03562.x","volume":"27","author":"HM Hamer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hamer HM, Jonkers D, Venema K, Vanhoutvin S, Troost FJ, Brummer RJ. Review article: the role of butyrate on colonic function. Aliment Pharm Ther. 2008;27:104\u201319.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharm Ther"},{"key":"737_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304833","volume":"63","author":"K Machiels","year":"2014","unstructured":"Machiels K, Joossens M, Sabino J, De Preter V, Arijs I, Eeckhaut V, et al. A decrease of the butyrate-producing speciesRoseburia hominisandFaecalibacterium prausnitziidefines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut. 2014;63:1275\u201383.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"737_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00277","volume":"10","author":"D Parada Venegas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parada Venegas D, De la Fuente MK, Landskron G, Gonzalez MJ, Quera R, Dijkstra G, et al. Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)-Mediated Gut Epithelial and Immune Regulation and Its Relevance for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Immunol. 2019;10:277.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"737_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11450","volume":"490","author":"J Qin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z, Li S, Zhu J, Zhang F, et al. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2012;490:55\u201360.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"737_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3712-7","volume":"58","author":"NM Delzenne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Delzenne NM, Cani PD, Everard A, Neyrinck AM, Bindels LB. Gut microorganisms as promising targets for the management of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2015;58:2206\u201317.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"737_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12549","volume":"70","author":"L Nylund","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nylund L, Nermes M, Isolauri E, Salminen S, de Vos WM, Satokari R. Severity of atopic disease inversely correlates with intestinal microbiota diversity and butyrate-producing bacteria. Allergy. 2015;70:241\u20134.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"737_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.15-152","volume":"59","author":"A Andoh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andoh A, Nishida A, Takahashi K, Inatomi O, Imaeda H, Bamba S, et al. Comparison of the gut microbial community between obese and lean peoples using 16S gene sequencing in a Japanese population. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2016;59:15\u2013152.","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr"},{"key":"737_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu P, Wang J, Hong F, Wang S, Jin X, Xue T, et al. Melatonin prevents obesity through modulation of gut microbiota in mice. J Pineal Res. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpi.12399.","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12399"},{"key":"737_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.10.002","volume":"60","author":"C Kong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kong C, Gao R, Yan X, Huang L, Qin H. Probiotics improve gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice fed a high-fat or high-sucrose diet. Nutrition. 2019;60:175\u201384.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"737_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaplan RC, Wang Z, Usyk M, Sotres-Alvarez D, Daviglus ML, Schneiderman N, et al. Gut microbiome composition in the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos is shaped by geographic relocation, environmental factors, and obesity. Genome Biol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-019-1831-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1831-z"},{"key":"737_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4644","DOI":"10.1039\/C7FO01383C","volume":"8","author":"L Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao L, Zhang Q, Ma W, Tian F, Shen H, Zhou M. A combination of quercetin and resveratrol reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats by modulation of gut microbiota. Food Funct. 2017;8:4644\u201356.","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"737_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0332-1","volume":"44","author":"P Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang P, Li D, Ke W, Liang D, Hu X, Chen F. Resveratrol-induced gut microbiota reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice. Int J Obes. 2019;44:213\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"737_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou L, Ni Z, Yu J, Cheng W, Cai Z, Yu C Correlation Between Fecal Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.00628.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00628"},{"key":"737_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1310\/sci1204-1","volume":"12","author":"AS Gorgey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gorgey AS, Gater DR Jr. Prevalence of obesity after spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2007;12:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"key":"737_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2017.1357104","volume":"41","author":"GJ Farkas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Farkas GJ, Gater DR. Neurogenic obesity and systemic inflammation following spinal cord injury: a review. J Spinal Cord Med. 2017;41:378\u201387.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"737_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.11.001","volume":"4","author":"IM Aragon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aragon IM, Herrera-Imbroda B, Queipo-Ortuno MI, Castillo E, Del Moral JS, Gomez-Millan J, et al. The urinary tract microbiome in health and disease. Eur Urol Focus. 2018;4:128\u201338.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"737_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.173","volume":"55","author":"LY Garcia-Arguello","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcia-Arguello LY, O\u2019Horo JC, Farrell A, Blakney R, Sohail MR, Evans CT, et al. Infections in the spinal cord-injured population: a systematic review. Spinal Cord. 2017;55:526\u201334.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"}],"container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-021-00737-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-021-00737-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-021-00737-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T23:04:58Z","timestamp":1649372698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41393-021-00737-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["737"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41393-021-00737-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-4393","1476-5624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-4393","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}