{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:13:40Z","timestamp":1788340420827,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008191","name":"Wings for Life","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"New South Wales Ministry of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Methodological commentary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarise key methodological and operational principles for designing and conducting large, international, investigator-driven clinical trials involving physical interventions for people with recent spinal cord injuries (SCI). This paper draws on our experience designing and conducting The Early and Intensive Motor Training\u00a0for\u00a0SCI Trial (SCI-MT\u00a0Trial).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>15 spinal injury units across Australia, Scotland, England, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, and Belgium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed the SCI-MT Trial\u00a0protocol, documentation, and procedures to identify key methodological and operational issues relevant to large, international trials involving physical interventions for people with recent SCI. Guidance was developed based on both our practical experience and current recommendations from clinical trial experts, with the aim of informing and supporting future trialists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified key principles that should be considered when designing and conducting trials of physical interventions for people with recent SCI. These included principles related to trial design (Methodological Principles) and trial conduct (Operational Principles).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper provides guidance on the principles and practicalities of designing and implementing large, international, investigator-driven clinical trials. It is intended to assist future trialists in planning trials that are methodologically rigorous, operationally feasible, and ethically robust.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACTRN12621000091808 (1.2.2021).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial identifier no<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>U1111-1264-1689.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Protocol no<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Version 1.3, 22nd Oct 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-026-01232-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:28:01Z","timestamp":1782851281000},"page":"790-800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Early and Intensive Motor Training for Spinal Cord Injury\u00a0Trial: key principles to consider when undertaking large international investigator-driven clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4365-0236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8188-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne V.","family":"Glinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5810-2788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackie","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of The SCI-MT\u00a0Trial Collaboration","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsha","family":"Ben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia W.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Di Natal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie J.","family":"Gollan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte C. 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CE\/PROG.928), Medical Ethics Committee of Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven (for the Adelante site and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation Site in The Netherlands: CCMO code: NL78377.015.21), Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics South East Norway (for the Norwegian site, 278129), the Greater Glasgow & Clyde Health Board (for the UK sites: 21\/YH\/0306), the Ethische Commissie Onderzoek UZ\/KULeuven and Ethische Commissie Onderzoek U(Z)Gent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interets.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}