{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T10:58:22Z","timestamp":1772103502750,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spinal Cord Ser Cases"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prospective follow-up study.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To describe outcomes, survival, and attendance to routine follow-up visits 10 years post-SCI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The national SCI-rehabilitation center in Botswana.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All persons who were admitted with traumatic SCI during a 2-year period, 2011\u20132013, and survived up to 2 years post-injury were included. Data were collected from the medical records from the follow-up assessment closest to 10 years post-SCI and included demographic and clinical characteristics, functional outcomes, and secondary complications. Data regarding mortalities were received from relatives. Statistical comparisons were made, when possible, between those who attend follow-up assessment and those who did not, and between those who survived up to 10 years post-SCI and those who died.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The follow-up rate was 76% (19\/25) of known survivors. No statistically significant factors were found to affect the follow-up rate. Secondary complications rates were for pressure ulcers and urinary tract infections 21%. Self-catheterisation and suprapubic catheter were the preferred methods to manage neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Ten persons (26%) had deceased since 2<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup> follow-up assessment. The causes of death were probably SCI-related in more than half of the cases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a follow-up study at year 10 after acute TSCI in Botswana conducted at the national SCI-rehabilitation center. The study supports previous reports regarding the importance of that having specialized SCI units and the need of structured follow-ups, a responsible person in charge of scheduling, and updated patient registers. We found high follow-up rate, low rates of complications and of patients being lost to follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41394-024-00671-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T18:02:33Z","timestamp":1723053753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Outcomes 10-years after traumatic spinal cord injury in Botswana - a long-term follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5314-3409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inka","family":"L\u00f6fvenmark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wame","family":"Mogome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kobamelo","family":"Sekakela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"671_CR1","unstructured":"WHO\/ISCoS. International Perspectives on Spinal Cord Injury. 2013. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/94190\/9789241564663_eng.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed 17 Jan 2024."},{"key":"671_CR2","unstructured":"WHO website on spinal cord injury. 2013. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/spinal-cord-injury. Accessed 17 Jan 2024."},{"key":"671_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v3i2.80","volume":"3","author":"T \u00d8derud","year":"2014","unstructured":"\u00d8derud T. Surviving spinal cord injury in low-income countries. Afr J Disabil. 2014;3:80.","journal-title":"Afr J Disabil"},{"key":"671_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.11.003","volume":"95","author":"A Barman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barman A, Shanmugasundaram D, Bhide R, Viswanathan A, Magimairaj HP, Nagarajan G, et al. Survival in Persons With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Receiving Structured Follow-Up in South India. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95:642\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"671_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772311Y.0000000043","volume":"35","author":"AS Burns","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burns AS, O\u2019Connell C. The challenge of spinal cord injury care in the developing world. J Spinal Cord Med. 2012;35:1.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"671_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0812","volume":"43","author":"E Ahoniemi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahoniemi E, Pohjolainen T, Kautiainen H. Survival after Spinal Cord Injury in Finland. J Rehabil Med. 2011;43:481\u20135.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"671_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101633","volume":"42","author":"LS Illis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Illis LS. The case for specialist units. Spinal Cord. 2004;42:443\u20136.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"671_CR8","unstructured":"Chhabra HS. ISCoS Textbook on Comprehensive management of Spinal cord injuries. 1rst ed. Wolters Kluwer Pvt Ltd. New Delhi, India; 2015. p. 888."},{"key":"671_CR9","unstructured":"Rathore FA. Spinal Cord Injuries in the Developing World. In: JH Stone, M Blouin, editors. International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation. 1rst ed. Center for International Rehabilitation Research Information and Exchange (CIRRIE); 2010."},{"key":"671_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-005-0665-3","volume":"29","author":"A Gosselin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gosselin A, Coppotelli C. A follow-up study of patients with spinal cord injury in Sierra Leone. Int Orthop. 2005;29:330\u20132.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"671_CR11","first-page":"161","volume":"13","author":"CU Nwadinigwe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nwadinigwe CU, Iloabuchi TC, Nwabude IA. Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI): a study of 104 cases. Niger J Med. 2004;13:161\u20135.","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"671_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.92","volume":"54","author":"MS Hossain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hossain MS, Rahman MA, Herbert RD, Quadir MM, Bowden JL, Harvey LA. Two-year survival following discharge from hospital after spinal cord injury in Bangladesh. Spinal Cord. 2016;54:132\u20136.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"671_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.05.024","volume":"92","author":"JS Krause","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krause JS, Saunders L. Health, Secondary Conditions, and Life Expectancy After Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:1770\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"671_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0541","volume":"42","author":"K Wahman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wahman K, Nash MS, Lewis JE, Seiger \u00c5, Levi R. Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Swedish Persons with Paraplegia: The Stockholm Spinal Cord Injury Study. J Rehabil Med. 2010;42:489\u201392.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"671_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.203","volume":"53","author":"I L\u00f6fvenmark","year":"2015","unstructured":"L\u00f6fvenmark I, Norrbrink C, Nilsson Wikmar L, Hultling C, Chakandinakira S, Hasselberg M. Traumatic spinal cord injury in Botswana: characteristics, aetiology and mortality. Spinal cord. 2015;53:150\u20134.","journal-title":"Spinal cord"},{"key":"671_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.122","volume":"55","author":"I L\u00f6fvenmark","year":"2017","unstructured":"L\u00f6fvenmark I, Hasselberg M, Nilsson Wikmar L, Hultling C, Norrbrink C. Outcomes after acute traumatic spinal cord injury in Botswana \u2013 from admission to discharge. Spinal Cord. 2017;55:208\u201312.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"671_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.114","volume":"55","author":"I L\u00f6fvenmark","year":"2017","unstructured":"L\u00f6fvenmark I, Nilsson, Wikmar L, Hasselberg M, Norrbrink C, Hultling C. Outcomes 2 years after traumatic spinal cord injury in Botswana: a follow-up study. Spinal Cord. 2017;55:285\u20139.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"671_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v8i0.539","volume":"8","author":"TMM Paulus-Mokgachane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paulus-Mokgachane TMM, Visagie SJ, Mji G. Access to primary care for persons with spinal cord injuries in the greater Gaborone area, Botswana. Afr J Disabil. 2019;8:539.","journal-title":"Afr J Disabil"},{"key":"671_CR19","unstructured":"International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS). https:\/\/www.iscos.org.uk\/page\/Int-SCI-Data-Sets. Accessed on 17 Jan 2024."},{"key":"671_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2003.11754575","volume":"26","author":"RJ Marino","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marino RJ, Barros T, Biering-S\u00f6rensen F, Burns SP, Donovan WH, Graves DE, et al. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2003;26:50\u201356.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"671_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.172","volume":"49","author":"MJ DeVivo","year":"2011","unstructured":"DeVivo MJ, Biering-S\u00f8rensen F, New P, Chen Y. Standardization of data analysis and reporting of results from the International Spinal Cord Injury Core Data Set. Spinal Cord. 2011;49:596\u20139.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"671_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41394-020-00334-w","volume":"6","author":"V Madasa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Madasa V, Boggenpoel B, Phillips J, Joseph C. Mortality and secondary complications four years after traumatic spinal cord injury in Cape Town, South Africa. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2020;6:84.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases"},{"key":"671_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.179","volume":"54","author":"MS Hossain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hossain MS, Rahman MA, Bowden JL, Quadir MM, Herbert RD, Harvey LA. Psychological and socioeconomic status, complications and quality of life in people with spinal cord injuries after discharge from hospital in Bangladesh: a cohort study. Spinal Cord. 2016;54:483\u20139.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"671_CR24","unstructured":"Eurostat. 2017. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/products-eurostat-news\/-\/ddn-20170905-1. Accessed on 2 Jan 2024."},{"key":"671_CR25","unstructured":"Statistics Botswana. 2022. https:\/\/www.statsbots.org.bw\/average-household-size. Accessed 17 Jan 2024."},{"key":"671_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-022-03313-w","volume":"32","author":"R Dixon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dixon R, Derrett S, Samaranayaka A, Harcombe H, Wyeth EH, Beaver C, et al. Life satisfaction 18 months and 10 years following spinal cord injury: results from a New Zealand prospective cohort study. Qual Life Res. 2023;32:1015\u201330.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"671_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/14604086211033083","volume":"24","author":"B Nowrouzi-Kia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nowrouzi-Kia B, Nadesar N, Sun Y, Ott M, Sithamparanathan G, Thakkar P. Prevalence and predictors of return to work following a spinal cord injury using a work disability prevention approach: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma. 2022;24:14\u201323.","journal-title":"Trauma"},{"key":"671_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01603.x","volume":"11","author":"PW Setel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Setel PW, Whiting DR, Hemed Y, Chandramohan D, Wolfson LJ, Alberti KG, et al. Validity of verbal autopsy procedures for determining cause of death in Tanzania. Tropical Med Int Health. 2006;11:681\u201396.","journal-title":"Tropical Med Int Health"}],"container-title":["Spinal Cord Series and Cases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41394-024-00671-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41394-024-00671-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41394-024-00671-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T18:03:01Z","timestamp":1723053781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41394-024-00671-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41394-024-00671-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2058-6124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2058-6124","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Health Research and Development Division at the Ministry of Health in Botswana (ref no: HPRD 6\/13\/1 and HPRD 6\/14\/1) and the ethical board at Princess Marina Hospital (ref no: PMH 2\/11AII (46)). Prior to the study, informed consent was obtained from the participants. Methods used were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"57"}}