{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T01:10:41Z","timestamp":1788657041813,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spinal Cord Ser Cases"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41394-026-00751-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T12:50:52Z","timestamp":1788612652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel classification of patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture-dislocation based on imaging features: a multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jiabao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanhu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8444-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2865-7","volume":"22","author":"T Takao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Takao T, Morishita Y, Okada S, Maeda T, Katoh F, Ueta T, et al. Clinical relationship between cervical spinal canal stenosis and traumatic cervical spinal cord injury without major fracture or dislocation. Eur Spine J. 2013;22:2228\u201331.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"751_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000151876.90256.bf","volume":"433","author":"F Launay","year":"2005","unstructured":"Launay F, Leet AI, Sponseller PD. Pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality: a meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;433:166\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"751_CR3","first-page":"15","volume":"93","author":"I Koyanagi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Koyanagi I, Iwasaki Y, Hida K, Akino M, Imamura H, Abe H. Acute cervical cord injury without fracture or dislocation of the spinal column. J Neurosurg. 2000;93:15\u201320.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"751_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.071","volume":"113","author":"J Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang J, Li J, Cai L. Effects of treatment of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation in a medium-to long-term follow-up study. World Neurosurg. 2018;113:e515\u2013e520.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"751_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.5.0699","volume":"89","author":"MB Bracken","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, Leo-Summers L, Aldrich EF, Fazl M, et al. Methylprednisolone or tirilazad mesylate administration after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow up. Results of the third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg. 1998;89:699\u2013706.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"751_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06091-1","volume":"28","author":"F Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu F, Yao S, Ren Z, Telemacque D, Qu Y, Chen K, et al. Early durotomy with duroplasty for severe adult spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality: a novel concept and method of surgical decompression. Eur Spine J. 2019;28:2275\u201382.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"751_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198200710-00001","volume":"7","author":"BL Allen Jr.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Allen BL Jr., Ferguson RL, Lehmann TR, O\u2019Brien RP. A mechanistic classification of closed, indirect fractures and dislocations of the lower cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1982;7:1\u201327.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"751_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02221591","volume":"3","author":"F Magerl","year":"1994","unstructured":"Magerl F, Aebi M, Gertzbein SD, Harms J, Nazarian S. A comprehensive classification of thoracic and lumbar injuries. Eur Spine J. 1994;3:184\u2013201.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"751_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181557b92","volume":"32","author":"AR Vaccaro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vaccaro AR, Hulbert RJ, Patel AA, Fisher C, Dvorak M, Lehman RA Jr, et al. The subaxial cervical spine injury classification system: a novel approach to recognize the importance of morphology, neurology, and integrity of the disco-ligamentous complex. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32:2365\u201374.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"751_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000257","volume":"39","author":"M Shousha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shousha M. ABCD classification system: a novel classification for subaxial cervical spine injuries. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39:707\u201314.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"751_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3831-3","volume":"25","author":"AR Vaccaro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vaccaro AR, Koerner JD, Radcliff KE, Oner FC, Reinhold M, Schnake KJ, et al. AOSpine subaxial cervical spine injury classification system. Eur Spine J. 2016;25:2173\u201384.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"751_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159\u201374.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"751_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819e3215","volume":"34","author":"S Okada","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okada S, Maeda T, Ohkawa Y, Harimaya K, Saiwai H, Kumamaru H, et al. Does ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament affect the neurological outcome after traumatic cervical cord injury?. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34:1148\u201352.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"751_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.070","volume":"105","author":"T Inoue","year":"2017","unstructured":"Inoue T, Suzuki S, Endo T, Uenohara H, Tominaga T. Efficacy of early surgery for neurological improvement in spinal cord injury without radiographic evidence of trauma in the elderly. World Neurosurg. 2017;105:790\u20135.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"751_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.009","volume":"17","author":"A Matsushita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matsushita A, Maeda T, Mori E, Yuge I, Kawano O, Ueta T, et al. Can the acute magnetic resonance imaging features reflect neurologic prognosis in patients with cervical spinal cord injury?. Spine J. 2017;17:1319\u201324.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"751_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.247480","volume":"14","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang J, Guo S, Cai X, Xu JW, Li HP. Establishment and verification of a surgical prognostic model for cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. Neural Regen Res. 2019;14:713\u201320.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"751_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E981","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001505","volume":"41","author":"J Ouchida","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouchida J, Yukawa Y, Ito K, Katayama Y, Matsumoto T, Machino M, et al. Delayed magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016;41:E981\u2013e986.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"751_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1487-0","volume":"14","author":"X Mu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mu X, Li Z, Ou Y, Wei J. Early and short-segment anterior spinal fusion for cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation can achieve more significant neurological recovery: a retrospective study based on the current medical system in southern China. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019;14:414.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"751_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-013-1719-4","volume":"133","author":"J Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li J, Zheng Q, Guo X, Zeng X, Zou Z, Liu Y, et al. Anterior surgical options for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in a long-term follow-up study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2013;133:745\u201351.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"751_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.01.049","volume":"87","author":"BM Davies","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davies BM, Francis JJ, Butler MB, Mowforth O, Goacher E, Starkey M, et al. Current surgical practice for multi-level degenerative cervical myelopathy: Findings from an international survey of spinal surgeons. J Clin Neurosci. 2021;87:84\u201388.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"751_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682241265878","volume":"15","author":"R Qu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qu R, Yang Y, Wang B, Liu Z, Li X, Jiang L, et al. Long-Term outcomes of one-stage combined posteroanterior procedure and laminoplasty-alone for multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy with concomitant anterior and posterior compression: a propensity score matching analysis of 8-year follow-up. Global Spine J. 2025;15:1813\u201322.","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"751_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07554-3","volume":"25","author":"R Qu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qu R, Wang B, Yang Y, Liu Z, Chen Z, Wu Y, et al. Would the one-stage combined approach lead to better long-term neurological outcomes than the posterior approach alone in multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy patients with T2-Weighted increased signal intensity? An 8-year follow-up results and propensity score matching analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024;25:445.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"751_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06713-2","volume":"24","author":"L Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo L, Li J, Zhang F, Sun Y, Zhang W. Posterior endoscopic decompression combined with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus posterior laminectomy and fusion for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a retrospective case-control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023;24:578.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"751_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.02.038","volume":"13","author":"C Seng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seng C, Tow BP, Siddiqui MA, Srivastava A, Wang L, Yew AK, et al. Surgically treated cervical myelopathy: a functional outcome comparison study between multilevel anterior cervical decompression fusion with instrumentation and posterior laminoplasty. Spine J. 2013;13:723\u201331.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"751_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.3.FOCUS1669","volume":"40","author":"A Veeravagu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Veeravagu A, Connolly ID, Lamsam L, Li A, Swinney C, Azad TD, et al. Surgical outcomes of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: an analysis of a national, administrative, longitudinal database. Neurosurg Focus. 2016;40:E11.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"}],"container-title":["Spinal Cord Series and Cases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41394-026-00751-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41394-026-00751-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41394-026-00751-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T01:04:16Z","timestamp":1788656656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41394-026-00751-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41394-026-00751-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2058-6124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2058-6124","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"23"}}