{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:35:34Z","timestamp":1788773734059,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0109-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]],"date-time":"2018-06-12T11:48:04Z","timestamp":1528804084000},"page":"1187-1196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Coil-Assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (CARTO): An Alternative Treatment Option for Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.14309","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Edward Wolfgang","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sammy","family":"Saab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fady","family":"Kaldas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savannah","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald W.","family":"Busuttil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Durazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin P.","family":"McWilliams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"DiNorcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharth A.","family":"Padia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Kee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R1-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2008.00438.x","article-title":"Treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy.","volume":"38","author":"Kumashiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"R2-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27210","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver.","volume":"60","author":"Vilstrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R3-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13005","article-title":"Probiotics are helpful in hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.","volume":"36","author":"Saab","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R4-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2006.10.002","article-title":"Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) for a direct shunt between the inferior mesenteric vein and the inferior vena cava in a patient with hepatic encephalopathy.","volume":"18","author":"Ibukuro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"R5-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2012.05.046","article-title":"Efficacy of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of large spontaneous lienorenal shunt in patients with severe recurrent hepatic encephalopathy with foam sclerotherapy: initial experience.","volume":"23","author":"Mukund","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"R6-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3485-8","article-title":"Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) for treatment of gastric varices: review and metaanalysis.","volume":"60","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R7-17-20210404","first-page":"391420","article-title":"Vascular plug-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration of portosystemic shunts for refractory hepatic encephalopathy: a case report.","volume":"2014","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Radiol"},{"key":"R8-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29212","article-title":"Coil assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration and partial splenic artery embolization for hepatic encephalopathy.","volume":"66","author":"Kuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R9-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05549.x","article-title":"Long-term results of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for gastric variceal bleeding and risky gastric varices: a 10-year experience.","volume":"23","author":"Akahoshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R10-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(01)21563-3","article-title":"Eight years of experience with transjugular retrograde obliteration for gastric varices with gastrorenal shunts.","volume":"129","author":"Chikamori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R11-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W365","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2266","article-title":"Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices: outcomes and complications in 49 patients.","volume":"189","author":"Cho","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"R12-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1895-3","article-title":"Foam sclerotherapy using polidocanol for balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO).","volume":"21","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"R13-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2015.07.011","article-title":"Vascular plug-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration for the treatment of gastric varices and hepatic encephalopathy: a prospective multicenter study.","volume":"26","author":"Gwon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"R14-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.2.r99ma25349","article-title":"Retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices.","volume":"211","author":"Hirota","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R15-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1996.tb00010.x","article-title":"Treatment of gastric fundal varices by balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration.","volume":"11","author":"Kanagawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R16-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2014.12","article-title":"Coil-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration (CARTO) for the treatment of portal hypertensive variceal bleeding: preliminary results.","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R18-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2003.4.2.109","article-title":"Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for gastric variceal bleeding: its feasibility compared with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.","volume":"4","author":"Choi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"R19-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600561","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy.","volume":"375","author":"Wijdicks","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R20-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80144-5","article-title":"Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis.","volume":"30","author":"Bustamante","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R21-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528909089247","article-title":"Prognosis after the first episode of gastrointestinal bleeding or coma in cirrhosis. Survival and prognostic factors.","volume":"24","author":"Christensen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R22-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6260.263","article-title":"A 20-year prospective study of cirrhosis.","volume":"282","author":"Saunders","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin ResEd)"},{"key":"R23-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2009.01.008","article-title":"Prognosis and 1-year mortality of intensive care unit patients with severe hepatic encephalopathy.","volume":"24","author":"Fichet","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"R24-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23981","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with significantly increased mortality among patients awaiting liver transplantation.","volume":"20","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R26-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S81878","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of rehospitalization in the management of hepatic encephalopathy.","volume":"8","author":"Saab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"R27-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15419","article-title":"Evaluation and management of hepatic encephalopathy: current status and future directions.","volume":"10","author":"Suraweera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"R28-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26185","article-title":"Extracorporeal albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system in acute-on-chronic liver failure: the RELIEF trial.","volume":"57","author":"Banares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R29-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01308377","article-title":"Spontaneous portosystemic shunt: relationship to spontaneous encephalopathy and gastrointestinal hemorrhage.","volume":"26","author":"Lam","year":"1981","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R30-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20905","article-title":"High prevalence of spontaneous portal-systemic shunts in persistent hepatic encephalopathy: a case-control study.","volume":"42","author":"Riggio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R31-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02283.x","article-title":"Portal-systemic encephalopathy in non-cirrhotic patients: classification of clinical types, diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"15","author":"Watanabe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R32-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01602.x","article-title":"Treatment of chronic portosystemic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients by embolization of portosystemic shunts.","volume":"27","author":"Zidi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R33-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26314","article-title":"Embolization of large spontaneous portosystemic shunts for refractory hepatic encephalopathy: a multicenter survey on safety and efficacy.","volume":"57","author":"Laleman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R34-17-20210404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-015-1288-8","article-title":"Comparison of Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (BRTO) using ethanolamine oleate (EO), BRTO using sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam and vascular Plug-Assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (PARTO).","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41395-018-0109-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41395-018-0109-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41395-018-0109-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000434-201808000-00017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:45:50Z","timestamp":1786542350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000434-201808000-00017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41395-018-0109-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}}}