{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T23:40:23Z","timestamp":1794440423342,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are implicated as hotspots for the dissemination of antibacterial resistance into the environment. However, the in situ processes governing removal, persistence, and evolution of resistance genes during wastewater treatment remain poorly understood. Here, we used quantitative metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to achieve a broad-spectrum view of the flow and expression of genes related to antibacterial resistance to over 20 classes of antibiotics, 65 biocides, and 22 metals. All compartments of 12 WWTPs share persistent resistance genes with detectable transcriptional activities that were comparatively higher in the secondary effluent, where mobility genes also show higher relative abundance and expression ratios. The richness and abundance of resistance genes vary greatly across metagenomes from different treatment compartments, and their relative and absolute abundances correlate with bacterial community composition and biomass concentration. No strong drivers of resistome composition could be identified among the chemical stressors analyzed, although the sub-inhibitory concentration (hundreds of ng\/L) of macrolide antibiotics in wastewater correlates with macrolide and vancomycin resistance genes. Contig-based analysis shows considerable co-localization between resistance and mobility genes and implies a history of substantial horizontal resistance transfer involving human bacterial pathogens. Based on these findings, we propose future inclusion of mobility incidence (M%) and host pathogenicity of antibiotic resistance genes in their quantitative health risk ranking models with an ultimate goal to assess the biological significance of wastewater resistomes with regard to disease control in humans or domestic livestock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0277-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T12:04:06Z","timestamp":1537790646000},"page":"346-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":470,"title":["Wastewater treatment plant resistomes are shaped by bacterial composition, genetic exchange, and upregulated expression in the effluent microbiomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4137-5928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Ju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 6047 Kastanienbaum or 8600 Duebendorf,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Present address: Center for Environmental and Resources Engineering, Institute of Advanced Technology, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 6047 Kastanienbaum or 8600 Duebendorf,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaole","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Lab, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Maccagnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 6047 Kastanienbaum or 8600 Duebendorf,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5251-7541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christa S","family":"McArdell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 6047 Kastanienbaum or 8600 Duebendorf,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8542-3699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heinz P","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 6047 Kastanienbaum or 8600 Duebendorf,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6728-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 6047 Kastanienbaum or 8600 Duebendorf,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Lab, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5651-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helmut","family":"B\u00fcrgmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 6047 Kastanienbaum or 8600 Duebendorf,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2312","article-title":"Call of the wild: antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments","volume":"8","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3439","article-title":"Tackling antibiotic resistance: the environmental framework","volume":"13","author":"Berendonk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1220761","article-title":"The shared antibiotic resistome of soil bacteria and human pathogens","volume":"337","author":"Forsberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1220761","article-title":"The shared antibiotic resistome of soil bacteria and human pathogens","volume":"337","author":"Forsberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1220761","article-title":"The shared antibiotic resistome of soil bacteria and human pathogens","volume":"337","author":"Forsberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.028233-0","article-title":"Detection of 140 clinically relevant antibiotic-resistance genes in the plasmid metagenome of wastewater treatment plant bacteria showing reduced susceptibility to selected antibiotics","volume":"155","author":"Szczepanowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00054-13","article-title":"Characteristics of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from rivers and lakes in Switzerland","volume":"79","author":"Zurfluh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.11.027","article-title":"Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for the release of antibiotics in the environment: a review","volume":"47","author":"Michael","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.04.014","article-title":"Biocides in urban wastewater treatment plant influent at dry and wet weather: concentrations, mass flows and possible sources","volume":"60","author":"Bollmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.01.010","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial residues and bacterial community composition in urban wastewater","volume":"47","author":"Novo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.11.071","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance genes and human bacterial pathogens: co-occurrence, removal, and enrichment in municipal sewage sludge digesters","volume":"91","author":"Ju","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR12","first-page":"6","article-title":"Exploring antibiotic resistance genes and metal resistance genes in plasmid metagenomes from wastewater treatment plants","volume-title":"Front. Microbiol","author":"Li","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.59","article-title":"Metagenomic and network analysis reveal wide distribution and co-occurrence of environmental antibiotic resistance genes","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2013.13","article-title":"Community-wide plasmid gene mobilization and selection","volume":"7","author":"Sentchilo","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10197","DOI":"10.1021\/es4017365","article-title":"Exploring variation of antibiotic resistance genes in activated sludge over a four-year period through a metagenomic approach","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.8","article-title":"Wastewater as a point source of antibiotic-resistance genes in the sediment of a freshwater lake","volume":"8","author":"Czekalski","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.02.049","article-title":"Co-occurrence of integrase 1, antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes in municipal wastewater treatment plants","volume":"94","author":"Di Cesare","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.08.033","article-title":"Release of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in the effluent and biosolids of five wastewater utilities in Michigan","volume":"45","author":"Munir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1021\/ez400152e","article-title":"Proliferation of multidrug-resistant New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase genes in municipal wastewater treatment plants in northern China","volume":"1","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci & Technol Lett"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2003.tb01073.x","article-title":"Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water biofilms","volume":"43","author":"Schwartz","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.155","article-title":"Co-occurrence of antibiotic and metal resistance genes revealed in complete genome collection","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2006.02.006","article-title":"Co-selection of antibiotic and metal resistance","volume":"14","author":"Baker-Austin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D737","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1252","article-title":"BacMet: antibacterial biocide and metal resistance genes database","volume":"42","author":"Pal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-2153-5","article-title":"Co-occurrence of resistance genes to antibiotics, biocides and metals reveals novel insights into their co-selection potential","volume":"16","author":"Pal","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genom"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.141","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of a deeply sequenced marine microbial metatranscriptome","volume":"5","author":"Gifford","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407863-5.00012-5","article-title":"Use of internal standards for quantitative metatranscriptome and metagenome analysis","volume":"531","author":"Satinsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11085","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402782111","article-title":"Microspatial gene expression patterns in the Amazon River Plume","volume":"111","author":"Satinsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808","article-title":"Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies","volume":"41","author":"Klindworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw136","article-title":"ARGs-OAP: Online Analysis Pipeline for Anti-biotic Resistance Genes Detection from Metagenomic Data Using an Integrated Structured ARG-database","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D61","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl842","article-title":"NCBI reference sequences (RefSeq): a curated non-redundant sequence database of genomes, transcripts and proteins","volume":"35","author":"Pruitt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3348","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00419-13","article-title":"The comprehensive antibiotic resistance database","volume":"57","author":"McArthur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D443","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn656","article-title":"ARDB\u2014antibiotic resistance genes database","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13377","article-title":"Bacterial phylogeny structures soil resistomes across habitats","volume":"509","author":"Forsberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176950","article-title":"Functional characterization of the antibiotic resistance reservoir in the human microflora","volume":"325","author":"Sommer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2012.02647.x","article-title":"Functional screening of antibiotic resistance genes from human gut microbiota reveals a novel gene fusion","volume":"336","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.106","article-title":"Improved annotation of antibiotic resistance determinants reveals microbial resistomes cluster by ecology","volume":"9","author":"Gibson","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17672","article-title":"Interconnected microbiomes and resistomes in low-income human habitats","volume":"533","author":"Pehrsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3435","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222743110","article-title":"Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms","volume":"110","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR39","first-page":"92","article-title":"High-throughput quantification of antibiotic resistance genes from an urban wastewater treatment plant","volume-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol","author":"Karkman","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.09.010","article-title":"Prevalence and proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes in two municipal wastewater treatment plants","volume":"85","author":"Mao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.228","article-title":"Elucidating selection processes for antibiotic resistance in sewage treatment plants using metagenomics","volume":"572","author":"Bengtsson-Palme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.05.019","article-title":"Fate of antibiotic resistance genes in sewage treatment plant revealed by metagenomic approach","volume":"62","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.226","article-title":"Using the class 1 integron-integrase gene as a proxy for anthropogenic pollution","volume":"9","author":"Gillings","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5095","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00152-08","article-title":"The evolution of class 1 integrons and the rise of antibiotic resistance","volume":"190","author":"Gillings","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001165","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001165","article-title":"Conjugative DNA transfer induces the bacterial SOS response and promotes antibiotic resistance development through integron activation","volume":"6","author":"Baharoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.38","article-title":"Class 1 integrons are low-cost structures in Escherichia coli","volume":"7","author":"Lacotte","year":"2017","journal-title":"The ISME Journal"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00074.x","article-title":"Genomics of IncP-1 antibiotic resistance plasmids isolated from wastewater treatment plants provides evidence for a widely accessible drug resistance gene pool","volume":"31","author":"Schl\u00fcter","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002158","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002158","article-title":"Selection of resistant bacteria at very low antibiotic concentrations","volume":"7","author":"Gullberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1021\/es102473z","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance gene abundances associated with waste discharges to the Almendares River near Havana, Cuba","volume":"45","author":"Graham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120238109","article-title":"In-feed antibiotic effects on the swine intestinal microbiome","volume":"109","author":"Looft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1021\/es203399h","article-title":"Evidence for a complex relationship between antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli: from medical center patients to a receiving environment","volume":"46","author":"Oberle\u0301","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3399","article-title":"What is a resistance gene? Ranking risk in resistomes","volume":"13","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-010-2583-6","article-title":"Factors influencing antibiotic resistance burden in municipal wastewater treatment plants","volume":"87","author":"Novo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026011502264480900_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1021\/ez400152e","article-title":"Proliferation of multidrug-resistant New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase genes in municipal wastewater treatment plants in northern China","volume":"1","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci & Technol Lett"}],"container-title":["The ISME Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41396-018-0277-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41396-018-0277-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ismej\/article-pdf\/13\/2\/346\/55551753\/41396_2018_article_277.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41396-018-0277-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ismej\/article-pdf\/13\/2\/346\/55551753\/41396_2018_article_277.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T07:26:50Z","timestamp":1768462010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ismej\/article\/13\/2\/346\/7475140"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41396-018-0277-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-7362","1751-7370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-7362","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-7370","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}