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Here, whole-genome sequencing of the hosts and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the microbiota were performed to separate the effects between host genetics and the microbiota in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and faeces on fat deposition in 206 yellow broilers reared under identical conditions. Despite the notable spatial variation in the diversity, composition and potential function of the gut microbiota, host genetics exerted limited effects on the gut microbial community. The duodenal and caecal microbiota made greater contributions to fat deposition and could separately account for 24% and 21% of the variance in the abdominal fat mass after correcting for host genetic effects. We further identified two caecal microbial taxa, Methanobrevibacter and Mucispirillum schaedleri, which were significantly correlated with fat deposition. Chickens with a lower Methanobrevibacter abundance had significantly lower abdominal fat content than those with a higher abundance of Methanobrevibacter (35.51 vs. 55.59\u2009g), and the body weights of these chickens did not notably differ. Chickens with a higher M. schaedleri abundance exhibited lower abdominal fat accumulation (39.88 vs. 55.06\u2009g) and body weight (2.23 vs. 2.41\u2009kg) than those with a lower abundance of this species. These findings may aid the development of strategies for altering the gut microbiota to control fat deposition during broiler production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-019-0367-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T12:03:18Z","timestamp":1549454598000},"page":"1422-1436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":223,"title":["The gut microbiota is largely independent of host genetics in regulating fat deposition in chickens"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chaoliang","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congjiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congliang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Wen\u2019s Nanfang Poultry Breeding Co. Ltd , Xinxing 527400, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dexiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Wen\u2019s Nanfang Poultry Breeding Co. Ltd , Xinxing 527400, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangxia","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024011300485116200_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0149","article-title":"Food consumption trends and drivers","volume":"365","author":"Kearney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B"},{"key":"2024011300485116200_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0501-9","article-title":"Microbial diversity and community composition of caecal microbiota in commercial and indigenous Indian chickens determined using 16s rDNA amplicon sequencing","volume":"6","author":"Pandit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2024011300485116200_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022513-114132","article-title":"Evolution of the modern broiler and feed efficiency","volume":"2","author":"Siegel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci"},{"key":"2024011300485116200_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-016-0398-2","article-title":"Breeding for efficiency in the broiler chicken: a review","volume":"36","author":"Tallentire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agron Sustain Dev"},{"key":"2024011300485116200_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey062","article-title":"Feed efficiency measures and their relationships with production and meat quality traits in slower growing broilers","volume":"97","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"2024011300485116200_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0670001","article-title":"Fat deposition in a broiler sire strain. 3. 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