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How these pathogens successfully exploit this environment in time and space has not been extensively characterized. Using Yersinia pestis (the plague bacillus) and its flea vector, we developed a bioluminescence-based approach and employed it to investigate the mechanisms of pathogenesis at an unprecedented level of detail. Remarkably, lipoylation of metabolic enzymes, via the biosynthesis and salvage of lipoate, increases the Y. pestis transmission rate by fleas. Interestingly, the salvage pathway\u2019s lipoate\/octanoate ligase LplA enhances the first step in lipoate biosynthesis during foregut colonization but not during midgut colonization. Lastly, Y. pestis primarily uses lipoate provided by digestive proteolysis (presumably as lipoyl peptides) rather than free lipoate in blood, which is quickly depleted by the vector. Thus, spatial and temporal factors dictate the bacterium\u2019s lipoylation strategies during an infection, and replenishment of lipoate by digestive proteolysis in the vector might constitute an Achilles\u2019 heel that is exploited by pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-00839-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T23:05:16Z","timestamp":1611270316000},"page":"1136-1149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Interplay between <i>Yersinia pestis<\/i> and its flea vector in lipoate metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-6629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Typhanie","family":"Bouvenot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. 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