{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:12:41Z","timestamp":1790662361472,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1319,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mother\u2019s vaginal microbiota represents the first microbes to which a child is exposed when delivered vaginally. However, little is known about the composition and development of the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy and birth. Here, we analyzed the vaginal microbiota of 57 women in pregnancy week 24, 36 and at birth after rupture of membranes but before delivery, and further compared the composition with that of the gut and airways of the 1-week-old child. The vaginal community structure had dramatic changes in bacterial diversity and taxonomic distribution, yet carried an individual-specific signature. The relative abundance of most bacterial taxa increased stepwise from week 24 of pregnancy until birth, with a gradual decline of Lactobacillus. Mother-to-child vertical transfer, as suggested by sharing, was modest, with the strongest transfer being for Clostridiales followed by Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales. In conclusion, late gestation is associated with an increase in maternal vaginal microbiota diversity, and vaginal bacteria at birth only modestly predict the composition of the neonatal microbiota.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-0686-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T13:04:27Z","timestamp":1591103067000},"page":"2325-2335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Ecological succession in the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy and birth"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7431-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M A","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Section of Chemometrics and Analytical Technologies, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0200-0461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Thorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M G","family":"Dominguez-Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2447-2443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M J","family":"Blaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, and the Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center , New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M S","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1327-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A D","family":"Brejnrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4665-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S A","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M H","family":"Hjelms\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Lehtim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4131-7592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H","family":"Bisgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6227-9906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S J","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4989-9769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Stokholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024011503352679200_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-4","article-title":"The composition and stability of the vaginal microbiota of normal pregnant women is different from that of non-pregnant women","volume":"2","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2024011503352679200_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4039","article-title":"Partial restoration of the microbiota of 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June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All authors declare no potential, perceived, or real conflict of interest regarding the content of this paper. The funding agencies did not have any role in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the paper. No pharmaceutical company was involved in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"We are aware of and comply with recognized codes of good research practice, including the Danish Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. We comply with national and international rules on the safety and rights of patients and healthy subjects, including Good Clinical Practice (GCP) as defined in the EU\u2019s Directive on Good Clinical Practice, the International Conference on Harmonisation\u2019s (ICH) good clinical practice guidelines and the Helsinki Declaration. Privacy is important to us which is why we follow national and international legislation on General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Danish Act on Processing of Personal Data and the practice of the Danish Data Inspectorate.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}