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Blastocystis is a common gut single-cell eukaryote parasite frequently detected in humans but its potential involvement in human pathophysiology has been poorly characterized. Here we describe how the presence of Blastocystis in the gut microbiome was associated with deficits in executive function and altered gut bacterial composition in a discovery (n\u2009=\u2009114) and replication cohorts (n\u2009=\u2009942). We also found that Blastocystis was linked to bacterial functions related to aromatic amino acids metabolism and folate-mediated pyrimidine and one-carbon metabolism. Blastocystis-associated shifts in bacterial functionality translated into the circulating metabolome. Finally, we evaluated the effects of microbiota transplantation. Donor\u2019s Blastocystis subtypes led to altered recipient\u2019s mice cognitive function and prefrontal cortex gene expression. In summary, Blastocystis warrant further consideration as a novel actor in the gut microbiome-brain axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-022-01262-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T18:07:01Z","timestamp":1655834821000},"page":"2181-2197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Presence of <i>Blastocystis<\/i> in gut microbiota is associated with cognitive traits and decreased executive function"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3788-3815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Mayneris-Perxachs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital , Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi) , Girona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Arnoriaga-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital , Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi) , Girona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Serra-Hunter Fellow, Department of Nursing, University of Girona , Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Garre-Olmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Serra-Hunter Fellow, Department of Nursing, University of Girona , Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group on Aging, Disability and Health, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi) , Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Serra-Hunter Fellow, Department of Nursing, University of Girona , Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut Investigaci\u00f3 Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Comparative Medicine and Bioimage of Catalonia , Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi) , Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Radiology (IDI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital , Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Serra-Hunter Fellow, Department of Nursing, University of Girona , Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Vascular Health Research Group of Girona (ISV-Girona). Jordi Gol Institute for Primary Care Research (Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria Jordi Gol I Gurina -IDIAPJGol), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital , Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital , Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Trelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasite & Health Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe , Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelijus","family":"Burokas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of 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