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To understand the impact of subsurface geochemistry on microbial communities, we collected fluid and sediments from 14 natural springs across a ~200\u2009km transect across the Costa Rican convergent margin and performed shotgun metagenomics. The resulting 404 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) cluster into geologically distinct regions based on MAG abundance patterns: outer forearc-only (25% of total relative abundance), forearc\/arc-only (38% of total relative abundance), and delocalized (37% of total relative abundance) clusters. In the outer forearc, Thermodesulfovibrionia, Candidatus Bipolaricaulia, and Firmicutes have hydrogenotrophic sulfate reduction and Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) carbon fixation pathways. In the forearc\/arc, Anaerolineae, Ca. Bipolaricaulia, and Thermodesulfovibrionia have sulfur oxidation, nitrogen cycling, microaerophilic respiration, and WL, while Aquificae have aerobic sulfur oxidation and reverse tricarboxylic acid carbon fixation pathway. Transformation-based\u00a0canonical correspondence analysis shows that MAG distribution corresponds to concentrations of aluminum, iron, nickel, dissolved inorganic carbon, and phosphate. While delocalized MAGs appear surface-derived, the subsurface chemolithoautotrophic, metabolic, and taxonomic landscape varies by the availability of minerals\/metals and volcanically derived inorganic carbon. However, the WL pathway persists across all samples, suggesting that this versatile, energy-efficient carbon fixation pathway helps shape convergent margin subsurface ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-022-01331-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T12:02:44Z","timestamp":1666094564000},"page":"140-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Chemolithoautotroph distributions across the subsurface of a convergent margin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4292-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Buongiorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural Sciences, Maryville College , Maryville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2602-6052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerdhard L","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia, Chile"},{"name":"Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS COASTAL, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n , Valdivia, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5623-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew O","family":"Schrenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Fordyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Maarten","family":"de Moor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Costa Rica , Heredia, Costa Rica"},{"name":"University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos J","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Geol\u00f3gico Ambiental , Heredia, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6960-1555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter H","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , Woods Hole, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Y\u00fccel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University , Erdemli, 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