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These drugs have warning labels for use in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Analysis of whole genome sequence data of 458 individuals from sub-Saharan Africa showed significant\n                    <jats:italic>G6PD<\/jats:italic>\n                    variation across the continent. We identified nine variants, of which four are potentially deleterious to G6PD function, and one (rs1050828) that is known to cause G6PD deficiency. We supplemented data for the rs1050828 variant with genotype array data from over 11,000 Africans. Although this variant is common in Africans overall, large allele frequency differences exist between sub-populations. African sub-populations in the same country can show significant differences in allele frequency (e.g. 16.0% in Tsonga vs 0.8% in Xhosa, both in South Africa,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                      3\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The high prevalence of variants in the\n                    <jats:italic>G6PD<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene found in this analysis suggests that it may be a significant interaction factor in clinical trials of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 in Africans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41397-021-00242-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T09:03:08Z","timestamp":1627030988000},"page":"649-656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["G6PD distribution in sub-Saharan Africa and potential risks of using chloroquine\/hydroxychloroquine based treatments for COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-5367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge E. 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BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21:72.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["The Pharmacogenomics Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41397-021-00242-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41397-021-00242-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41397-021-00242-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T02:03:55Z","timestamp":1675562635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41397-021-00242-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41397-021-00242-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.05.27.20114066","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1470-269X","1473-1150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-269X","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-1150","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) had no part in the design of this study or analysis presented here and the views and opinions expressed are not necessarily those of GSK. The authors acknowledge the financial support of GSK. FJG is an employee of GlaxoSmithKline.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The HAAD and AWI-Gen datasets used in this work were previously generated. Ethics approval and informed consent was obtained at each collaborative centre. The reference numbers for each correspond as follows (Study; Review Board; Protocol Number): H3A AWI-Gen Study; Human Research Ethics Committee (Medical) of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits); M121029 and M170880. H3A Benin Study; Comit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9thique de la recherche, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al; N\/A. H3A CAfGEN Study; IRB of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Botswana; PPPME-13\/18\/1. H3A TrypanoGEN Study; Comit\u00e9 National D\u2019Ethique de la Recherche pour la Sant\u00e9 Humaine of the Republic of Cameroon; No 2013\/11\/364\/L\/CNERSH\/SP. H3A ACCME Study; The National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria; NHREC\/01\/01\/2007- 29\/11\/2016. H3A TrypanoGEN Study; Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the University of Zambia; FWA00000338. Cell Biology Research Lab\u2014NICD\/Wits; Human Research Ethics Committee (Medical) of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits); M140926.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics and consent"}}]}}