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It is suggested that in vivo, methylphenidate treatment supports cortical maturation, however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to explore the potential effect of methylphenidate on cell proliferation and maturation in various cellular models, hypothesizing its interaction with the Wnt-signaling. The termination of cell proliferation concomitant to neuronal maturation following methylphenidate treatment was observed in all of the cell-models tested: murine neural stem-, rat PC12- and the human SH-SY5Y-cells. Inhibition of Wnt-signaling in SH-SY5Y cells with Dkk1 30\u2009min before methylphenidate treatment suppressed neuronal differentiation but enhanced proliferation. The possible involvement of the dopamine-transporter in cell differentiation was discounted following the observation of opposing results after GBR-12909 treatment. Moreover, Wnt-activation via methylphenidate was confirmed in Wnt-luciferase-reporter assay. 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Her work was supported in the last 5 years by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), various EU FP7s, Hochspezialisierte Medizin (HSM) of the Kanton Zurich, Switzerland, Bfarm Germany, ZInEP, Hartmann M\u00fcller Stiftung and Olga Mayenfisch. Outside professional activities and interests are as follows: President of Association of Chief Physicians of the Swiss Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (VKJC), board member of Swiss Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (SGKJPP); co-director of the board of the institute for psychotherapy of child and adolescent of the university clinics Basel-Bern-Zurich; member of the academy for behavioral therapy in child and adolescents (AVKJ); member of the board of Swiss society for anxiety and depressive disorders (SGAD); vice president of the Swiss society for obsessive compulsive disorders (SGZ); and declare no biomedical financial interests. The authors, E Gr\u00fcnblatt and J. Bartl declare no biomedical financial interests or potential conflict of interest. The study was funded by the University of Zurich (UZH) and the postdoc of J. Bartl by the UZH Forschungskredit.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"51"}}