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Neuroimaging studies have begun to map the social brain; however, the specific neural substrates contributing to social deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders remain unclear. Three hundred and twelve children underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (controls\u2009=\u200932, OCD\u2009=\u200944, ADHD\u2009=\u200977, ASD\u2009=\u2009159; mean age\u2009=\u200911). Their social deficits were quantified on the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). Multivariable regression models were used to examine the structural neuroimaging correlates of social deficits, with both a region of interest and a whole-brain vertex-wise approach. For the region of interest analysis, social brain regions were grouped into three networks: (1) lateral mentalization (e.g., temporal\u2013parietal junction), (2) frontal cognitive (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex), and (3) subcortical affective (e.g., limbic system) regions. Overall, social communication deficits on the SCQ were associated with thinner cortices in the left lateral regions and the right insula, and decreased volume in the ventral striatum, across diagnostic groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006 to &lt;0.0001). Smaller subcortical volumes were associated with more severe social deficits on the SCQ in ASD and ADHD, and less severe deficits in OCD. On the RMET, larger amygdala\/hippocampal volumes were associated with fewer deficits across groups. Overall, patterns of associations were similar in ASD and ADHD, supporting a common underlying biology and the blurring of the diagnostic boundaries between these disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0382-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T16:03:33Z","timestamp":1549296213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Structural neuroimaging correlates of social deficits are similar in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: analysis from the POND Network"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Danielle A.","family":"Baribeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara A.","family":"Paton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Hammill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen W.","family":"Scherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell J.","family":"Schachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Szatmari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Nicolson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stelios","family":"Georgiades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Crosbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Brian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"Iaboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Kushki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Lerch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evdokia","family":"Anagnostou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"382_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.016","volume":"54","author":"DA Baribeau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baribeau, D. 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He has commercial interest in a cognitive rehabilitation software company, \u201ceHave.\u201d P.D.A. holds a patent for \u201cSLCIAI Marker for Anxiety Disorder\u201d granted 6 May 2008. P.S. has received royalties from Guilford Press. E.A. has served as a consultant to Roche. She has received grant funding from SanofiCanada and SynapDx. She has received royalties from APPI and Springer. E.A. and A.K. hold a provisional patent for the device, \u201cAnxiety Meter.\u201d S.W.S. is an academic scientific consultant advising or is in licensing arrangements with Athena, Diagnostics, King Abdulaziz University Lineagen, Deep Genomics and Population Diagnostics. He also holds the CIHR-GlaxoSmithKline Endowed Chair in Genome Sciences at the Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"72"}}