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DD is characterized by deficits in different cognitive skills, including word reading, spelling, rapid naming, and phonology. To investigate the genetic basis of DD, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of these skills within one of the largest studies available, including nine cohorts of reading-impaired and typically developing children of European ancestry (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092562\u20133468). We observed a genome-wide significant effect (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20091\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) on rapid automatized naming of letters (RANlet) for variants on 18q12.2, within\n                    <jats:italic>MIR924HG<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>micro-RNA 924 host gene<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; rs17663182\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094.73\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and a suggestive association on 8q12.3 within\n                    <jats:italic>NKAIN3<\/jats:italic>\n                    (encoding a cation transporter; rs16928927,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.25\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). rs17663182 (18q12.2) also showed genome-wide significant multivariate associations with RAN measures (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.15\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and with all the cognitive traits tested (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093.07\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), suggesting (relational) pleiotropic effects of this variant. A polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis revealed significant genetic overlaps of some of the DD-related traits with educational attainment (EDUyears) and ADHD. Reading and spelling abilities were positively associated with EDUyears (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009~\u2009[10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u201310\n                    <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]) and negatively associated with ADHD PRS (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009~\u2009[10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u221210\n                    <jats:sup>\u221217<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]). This corroborates a long-standing hypothesis on the partly shared genetic etiology of DD and ADHD, at the genome-wide level. Our findings suggest new candidate DD susceptibility genes and provide new insights into the genetics of dyslexia and its comorbities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0402-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T10:13:05Z","timestamp":1549879985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Genome-wide association scan identifies new variants associated with a cognitive predictor of dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7388-4463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gialluisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2917-5889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Till F. 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