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Deep brain stimulation targeting the motor and associative-limbic subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been shown to be effective for Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and OCD, respectively. Cognitive and electrophysiological studies in PD showed responses of the motor STN to emotional stimuli, impairments in recognition of negative affective states and modulation of the intensity of subjective emotion. Here we studied whether the stimulation of the associative-limbic STN in OCD influences the subjective emotion to low-intensity positive and negative images and how this relates to clinical symptoms. We assessed 10 OCD patients with on and off STN DBS in a double-blind randomized manner by recording ratings of valence and arousal to low- and high-intensity positive and negative emotional images. STN stimulation increased positive ratings and decreased negative ratings to low-intensity positive and negative stimuli, respectively, relative to off stimulation. We also show that the change in severity of obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms pre- versus post-operatively interacts with both DBS and valence ratings. We show that stimulation of the associative-limbic STN might influence the negative cognitive bias in OCD and decreasing the negative appraisal of emotional stimuli with a possible relationship with clinical outcomes. That the effect is specific to low intensity might suggest a role of uncertainty or conflict related to competing interpretations of image intensity. These findings may have implications for the therapeutic efficacy of DBS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0404-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T17:03:59Z","timestamp":1549299839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Affective modulation of the associative-limbic subthalamic nucleus: deep brain stimulation in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mircea","family":"Polosan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Droux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Kibleur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Chabardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8357-7424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Bougerol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Krack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Voon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"404_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060281","volume":"355","author":"G Deuschl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Deuschl, G. et al. 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P.K. has received research support from Orkyn, Novartis, UCB, Medtronic, LVL, Boston Scientific, and St Jude, and honoraria for lecturing or consultation from the Movement Disorder Society, Lundbeck, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, UCB, Medtronic, Orkyn, Abbott, Orion, TEVA, and Boston Scientific. S.C. has received honoraria for consultation from Medtronic, Boston Scientific. V.V. is a Medical Research Council Senior Clinical Fellow (MR\/P008747\/1). She has acted as an expert witness for the court related to dopamine agonists and deep brain stimulation. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->standards"}}],"article-number":"73"}}