{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:39:07Z","timestamp":1787002747598,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are frequently prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, there is limited evidence to support this practice. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the impact of SSRIs on brain function abnormalities in ASD. It has been suggested that some core symptoms in ASD are underpinned by deficits in executive functioning (EF). Hence, we investigated the role of the SSRI citalopram on EF networks in 19 right-handed adult males with ASD and 19 controls who did not differ in gender, age, IQ or handedness. We performed pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activity during two EF tasks (of response inhibition and sustained attention) after an acute dose of 20\u2009mg citalopram or placebo using a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Under placebo condition, individuals with ASD had abnormal brain activation in response inhibition regions, including inferior frontal, precentral and postcentral cortices and cerebellum. During sustained attention, individuals with ASD had abnormal brain activation in middle temporal cortex and (pre)cuneus. After citalopram administration, abnormal brain activation in inferior frontal cortex was \u2018normalised\u2019 and most of the other brain functional differences were \u2018abolished\u2019. Also, within ASD, the degree of responsivity in inferior frontal and postcentral cortices to SSRI challenge was related to plasma serotonin levels. These findings suggest that citalopram can \u2018normalise\u2019 atypical brain activation during EF in ASD. Future trials should investigate whether this shift in the biology of ASD is maintained after prolonged citalopram treatment, and if peripheral measures of serotonin predict treatment response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0641-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T07:03:28Z","timestamp":1573455808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Modulation of brain activation during executive functioning in autism with citalopram"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6630-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert H.","family":"Wichers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Findon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Auke","family":"Jelsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9381-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Giampietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimira","family":"Stoencheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dene M.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6350-0155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clodagh M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grainne","family":"McAlonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Ecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katya","family":"Rubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6664-7451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Declan G. M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen M.","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"641_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. (World Health Organizartion, Geneva, 1993)"},{"key":"641_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3140-7","volume":"231","author":"ML Murray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murray, M. L. et al. Pharmacological treatments prescribed to people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in primary health care. Psychopharmacol. (Berl.) 231, 1011\u20131021 (2014).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"641_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3263-x","volume":"231","author":"Y Hsia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hsia, Y. et al. Psychopharmacological prescriptions for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): a multinational study. Psychopharmacol. (Berl.) 231, 999\u20131009 (2014).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"641_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315577517","volume":"19","author":"LA Croen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Croen, L. A. et al. The health status of adults on the autism spectrum. Autism 19, 814\u2013823 (2015).","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"641_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2722-8","volume":"46","author":"AG Lever","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lever, A. G. & Geurts, H. M. Psychiatric co-occurring symptoms and disorders in young, middle-aged, and older adults with autism spectrum disorder. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 46, 1916\u20131930 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"641_CR6","first-page":"0","volume":"27","author":"M Roy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roy, M., Prox-Vagedes, V., D Ohlmeier, M. & Dillo, W. Beyond childhood: psychiatric comorbidities and social background of adults with Asperger syndrome. Psychiatr. Danubina 27, 0\u201359 (2015).","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Danubina"},{"key":"641_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1679-5","volume":"43","author":"G Joshi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Joshi, G. et al. Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in a clinically referred population of adults with autism spectrum disorders: a comparative study. J. Autism Developmental Disord. 43, 1314\u20131325 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Autism Developmental Disord."},{"key":"641_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10050764","volume":"169","author":"E Hollander","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hollander, E. et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine for repetitive behaviors and global severity in adult autism spectrum disorders. Am. J. psychiatry 169, 292\u2013299 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. psychiatry"},{"key":"641_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145701002280","volume":"4","author":"MS Buchsbaum","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buchsbaum, M. S. et al. Effect of fluoxetine on regional cerebral metabolism in autistic spectrum disorders: a pilot study. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol 4, 119\u2013125 (2001).","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"641_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830110037005","volume":"53","author":"CJ McDougle","year":"1996","unstructured":"McDougle, C. J. et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fluvoxamine in adults with autistic disorder. Arch. Gen. psychiatry 53, 1001\u20131008 (1996).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. psychiatry"},{"key":"641_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.082041","volume":"180","author":"R Collier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Collier, R. Rapidly rising clinical trial costs worry researchers. CMAJ 180, 277\u2013278 (2009).","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"641_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1770","volume":"9","author":"F Happe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Happe, F., Ronald, A. & Plomin, R. Time to give up on a single explanation for autism. Nat. Neurosci. 9, 1218\u20131220 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"641_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-5035-x","volume":"35","author":"BR Lopez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lopez, B. R., Lincoln, A. J., Ozonoff, S. & Lai, Z. Examining the relationship between executive functions and restricted, repetitive symptoms of Autistic Disorder. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 35, 445\u2013460 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"641_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","volume":"64","author":"A Diamond","year":"2013","unstructured":"Diamond, A. Executive functions. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 64, 135\u2013168 (2013).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"641_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2788-3","volume":"46","author":"F Uzefovsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uzefovsky, F., Allison, C., Smith, P. & Baron-Cohen, S. Brief Report: the Go\/No-Go task online: inhibitory control deficits in autism in a large sample. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 46, 2774\u20132779 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"641_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.12030352","volume":"171","author":"CM Murphy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murphy, C. M. et al. Abnormal functional activation and maturation of fronto-striato-temporal and cerebellar regions during sustained attention in autism spectrum disorder. Am. J. Psychiat 171, 1107\u20131116 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiat"},{"key":"641_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040500350938","volume":"12","author":"BA Corbett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Corbett, B. A. & Constantine, L. J. Autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: assessing attention and response control with the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test. Child neuropsychology: a J. Norm. Abnorm. Dev. Child. adolescence 12, 335\u2013348 (2006).","journal-title":"Child neuropsychology: a J. Norm. Abnorm. Dev. Child. adolescence"},{"key":"641_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3837-2","volume":"232","author":"K Chantiluke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chantiluke, K. et al. Inverse fluoxetine effects on inhibitory brain activation in non-comorbid boys with ADHD and with ASD. Psychopharmacol. (Berl.) 232, 2071\u20132082 (2015).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"641_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.06.007","volume":"59","author":"N Schmitz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmitz, N. et al. Neural correlates of executive function in autistic spectrum disorders. Biol. psychiatry 59, 7\u201316 (2006).","journal-title":"Biol. psychiatry"},{"key":"641_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.185","volume":"18","author":"A Christakou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christakou, A. et al. Disorder-specific functional abnormalities during sustained attention in youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and with autism. Mol. psychiatry 18, 236\u2013244 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. psychiatry"},{"key":"641_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-7339(10)70093-X","volume":"21","author":"TWC Robbins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robbins, T. W. C., Christian, M. J., Barry, P. M. & Role, L. J. of Central serotonin in impulsivity and compulsivity: comparative studies in experimental animals and humans. Handb. Behav. Neurosci. Elsevier. 21, 415\u2013427 (2010).","journal-title":"Handb. Behav. Neurosci. Elsevier."},{"key":"641_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105048887","volume":"19","author":"WJ Riedel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Riedel, W. J., Eikmans, K., Heldens, A. & Schmitt, J. A. Specific serotonergic reuptake inhibition impairs vigilance performance acutely and after subchronic treatment. J. Psychopharmacol. 19, 12\u201320 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"641_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.06.001","volume":"36","author":"JR Homberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Homberg, J. R. Serotonin and decision making processes. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 36, 218\u2013236 (2012).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"641_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(96)05222-2","volume":"45","author":"TW Robbins","year":"1997","unstructured":"Robbins, T. W. Arousal systems and attentional processes. Biol. Psychol. 45, 57\u201371 (1997).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"641_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110201600303","volume":"16","author":"JA Schmitt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schmitt, J. A. et al. Additional dopamine reuptake inhibition attenuates vigilance impairment induced by serotonin reuptake inhibition in man. J. Psychopharmacol. 16, 207\u2013214 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"641_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04468.x","volume":"39","author":"JG Ramaekers","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ramaekers, J. G., Muntjewerff, N. D. & O\u2019Hanlon, J. F. A comparative study of acute and subchronic effects of dothiepin, fluoxetine and placebo on psychomotor and actual driving performance. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 39, 397\u2013404 (1995).","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"641_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199806000-00006","volume":"18","author":"JF O\u2019Hanlon","year":"1998","unstructured":"O\u2019Hanlon, J. F., Robbe, H. W., Vermeeren, A., van Leeuwen, C. & Danjou, P. E. Venlafaxine\u2019s effects on healthy volunteers\u2019 driving, psychomotor, and vigilance performance during 15-day fixed and incremental dosing regimens. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 18, 212\u2013221 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"641_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606722104","volume":"104","author":"F Cote","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cote, F. et al. Maternal serotonin is crucial for murine embryonic development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 329\u2013334 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"641_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-183X.2003.00041.x","volume":"2","author":"AL Yonan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yonan, A. L. et al. Bioinformatic analysis of autism positional candidate genes using biological databases and computational gene network prediction. Genes, brain, Behav. 2, 303\u2013320 (2003).","journal-title":"Genes, brain, Behav."},{"key":"641_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.02.004","volume":"24","author":"S Gabriele","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gabriele, S., Sacco, R. & Persico, A. M. Blood serotonin levels in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.: J. Eur. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol. 24, 919\u2013929 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.: J. Eur. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"641_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.5.934","volume":"163","author":"DG Murphy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murphy, D. G. et al. Cortical serotonin 5-HT2A receptor binding and social communication in adults with Asperger\u2019s syndrome: an in vivo SPECT study. Am. J. psychiatry 163, 934\u2013936 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. psychiatry"},{"key":"641_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.137","volume":"67","author":"K Nakamura","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nakamura, K. et al. Brain serotonin and dopamine transporter bindings in adults with high-functioning autism. Arch. Gen. psychiatry 67, 59\u201368 (2010).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. psychiatry"},{"key":"641_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002232","volume":"45","author":"K Chantiluke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chantiluke, K. et al. Disorder-dissociated effects of fluoxetine on brain function of working memory in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Psychological Med. 45, 1195\u20131205 (2015).","journal-title":"Psychological Med."},{"key":"641_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht365","volume":"25","author":"K Chantiluke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chantiluke, K. et al. Inverse effect of fluoxetine on medial prefrontal cortex activation during reward reversal in ADHD and Autism. Cereb. Cortex 25, 1757\u20131770 (2015).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"641_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu178","volume":"137","author":"E Daly","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daly, E. et al. Response inhibition and serotonin in autism: a functional MRI study using acute tryptophan depletion. Brain 137, 2600\u20132610 (2014).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"641_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.513","volume":"69","author":"EM Daly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daly, E. M. et al. Serotonin and the neural processing of facial emotions in adults with autism: an fMRI study using acute tryptophan depletion. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 69, 1003\u20131013 (2012).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"641_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172145","volume":"24","author":"C Lord","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lord, C., Rutter, M. & Lecouteur, A. Autism diagnostic interview-revised - a revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 24, 659\u2013685 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"641_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02211841","volume":"19","author":"C Lord","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lord, C. et al. Autism diagnostic observation schedule - a standardized observation of communicative and social-behavior. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 19, 185\u2013212 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"641_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-476X(81)90035-7","volume":"6","author":"D Wechsler","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wechsler, D. The Psychometric tradition - developing the wechsler adult intelligence scale. Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 6, 82\u201385 (1981).","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"641_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005653411471","volume":"31","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J. & Clubley, E. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome\/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 31, 5\u201317 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"641_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.14.4.485","volume":"14","author":"EB Foa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Foa, E. B. et al. The obsessive-compulsive inventory: development and validation of a short version. Psychol. Assess. 14, 485\u2013496 (2002).","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"641_CR42","unstructured":"Barkley, R. M., Murphy, K. R. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Clinical Workbook 3rd edn. (New York, Guilford, New York, 2005)"},{"key":"641_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","volume":"23","author":"M Hamilton","year":"1960","unstructured":"Hamilton, M. A rating scale for depression. J. Neurol., Neurosurg., psychiatry 23, 56\u201362 (1960).","journal-title":"J. Neurol., Neurosurg., psychiatry"},{"key":"641_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","volume":"32","author":"M Hamilton","year":"1959","unstructured":"Hamilton, M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br. J. Med. Psychol. 32, 50\u201355 (1959).","journal-title":"Br. J. Med. Psychol."},{"key":"641_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328346063f","volume":"21","author":"K Sangkuhl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sangkuhl, K., Klein, T. E. & Altman, R. B. PharmGKB summary: citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway. Pharmacogenetics genomics 21, 769\u2013772 (2011).","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics genomics"},{"key":"641_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-2116-z","volume":"179","author":"K Rubia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rubia, K. et al. Tryptophan depletion reduces right inferior prefrontal activation during response inhibition in fast, event-related fMRI. Psychopharmacol. (Berl.) 179, 791\u2013803 (2005).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"641_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165547","volume":"11","author":"L Lim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lim, L. et al. Neurofunctional abnormalities during sustained attention in severe childhood abuse. PLoS ONE 11, e0165547 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"641_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.133.1.101","volume":"133","author":"NP Friedman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Friedman, N. P. & Miyake, A. The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: a latent-variable analysis. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 133, 101\u2013135 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"641_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(97)00135-5","volume":"15","author":"MJ Brammer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brammer, M. J. et al. Generic brain activation mapping in functional magnetic resonance imaging: a nonparametric approach. Magn. Reson. imaging 15, 763\u2013770 (1997).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. imaging"},{"key":"641_CR50","unstructured":"Talairach J. T. P. Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain. (Thieme, New York, 1988)"},{"key":"641_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-102","volume":"9","author":"D Swick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swick, D., Ashley, V. & Turken, A. U. Left inferior frontal gyrus is critical for response inhibition. BMC Neurosci. 9, 102 (2008).","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"641_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4682-05.2006","volume":"26","author":"AR Aron","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aron, A. R. & Poldrack, R. A. Cortical and subcortical contributions to Stop signal response inhibition: role of the subthalamic nucleus. J. Neurosci.: Off. J. Soc. Neurosci. 26, 2424\u20132433 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci.: Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"641_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0685","volume":"13","author":"K Rubia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rubia, K. et al. Mapping motor inhibition: conjunctive brain activations across different versions of go\/no-go and stop tasks. NeuroImage 13, 250\u2013261 (2001).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"641_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00275-1","volume":"20","author":"K Rubia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rubia, K., Smith, A. B., Brammer, M. J. & Taylor, E. Right inferior prefrontal cortex mediates response inhibition while mesial prefrontal cortex is responsible for error detection. NeuroImage 20, 351\u2013358 (2003).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"641_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg067","volume":"126","author":"AR Aron","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aron, A. R. et al. Inhibition of subliminally primed responses is mediated by the caudate and thalamus: evidence from functional MRI and Huntington\u2019s disease. Brain 126, 713\u2013723 (2003).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"641_CR56","first-page":"444","volume":"18","author":"CD Chambers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chambers, C. D. et al. Executive \u201cbrake failure\u201d following deactivation of human frontal lobe. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 18, 444\u2013455 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"641_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.03.012","volume":"5","author":"CH Juan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Juan, C. H. & Muggleton, N. G. Brain stimulation and inhibitory control. Brain Stimul. 5, 63\u201369 (2012).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"641_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10171","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1300-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"JR Duann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duann, J. R., Ide, J. S., Luo, X. & Li, C. S. Functional connectivity delineates distinct roles of the inferior frontal cortex and presupplementary motor area in stop signal inhibition. J. Neurosci.: Off. J. Soc. Neurosci. 29, 10171\u201310179 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci.: Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"641_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.109","volume":"50","author":"A Hampshire","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hampshire, A., Chamberlain, S. R., Monti, M. M., Duncan, J. & Owen, A. M. The role of the right inferior frontal gyrus: inhibition and attentional control. NeuroImage 50, 1313\u20131319 (2010).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"641_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21399","volume":"33","author":"S Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu, S. & Li, C. S. Neural processes of preparatory control for stop signal inhibition. Hum. brain Mapp. 33, 2785\u20132796 (2012).","journal-title":"Hum. brain Mapp."},{"key":"641_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.02.019","volume":"45","author":"KA Johnson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johnson, K. A. et al. Dissociation in performance of children with ADHD and high-functioning autism on a task of sustained attention. Neuropsychologia 45, 2234\u20132245 (2007).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"641_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.2466\/PMS.104.3.1350-1354","volume":"104","author":"J van der Meere","year":"2007","unstructured":"van der Meere, J., Borger, N. & van Os, T. Sustained attention in major unipolar depression. Percept. Mot. Skills 104, 1350\u20131354 (2007).","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"key":"641_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.034","volume":"62","author":"JV Taylor Tavares","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taylor Tavares, J. V. et al. Distinct profiles of neurocognitive function in unmedicated unipolar depression and bipolar II depression. Biol. psychiatry 62, 917\u2013924 (2007).","journal-title":"Biol. psychiatry"},{"key":"641_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.02.024","volume":"62","author":"K Rubia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rubia, K., Smith, A. B., Brammer, M. J. & Taylor, E. Temporal lobe dysfunction in medication-naive boys with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder during attention allocation and its relation to response variability. Biol. psychiatry 62, 999\u20131006 (2007).","journal-title":"Biol. psychiatry"},{"key":"641_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.06.078","volume":"83","author":"K Rubia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rubia, K. et al. Effects of age and gender on neural networks of motor response inhibition: from adolescence to mid-adulthood. NeuroImage 83, 690\u2013703 (2013).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"641_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp135","volume":"19","author":"FM Krienen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krienen, F. M. & Buckner, R. L. Segregated fronto-cerebellar circuits revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity. Cereb. Cortex 19, 2485\u20132497 (2009).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"641_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-012-0369-3","volume":"11","author":"JW Jeong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jeong, J. W., Chugani, D. C., Behen, M. E., Tiwari, V. N. & Chugani, H. T. Altered white matter structure of the dentatorubrothalamic pathway in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Cerebellum 11, 957\u2013971 (2012).","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"641_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.041","volume":"41","author":"M Catani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Catani, M. et al. Altered cerebellar feedback projections in Asperger syndrome. NeuroImage 41, 1184\u20131191 (2008).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"641_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.12.076","volume":"1262","author":"SK Noonan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Noonan, S. K., Haist, F. & Muller, R. A. Aberrant functional connectivity in autism: evidence from low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations. Brain Res. 1262, 48\u201363 (2009).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"641_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.03.024","volume":"78","author":"AJ Khan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khan, A. J. et al. Cerebro-cerebellar resting-state functional connectivity in children and adolescents with Autism spectrum disorder. Biol. psychiatry 78, 625\u2013634 (2015).","journal-title":"Biol. psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-019-0641-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-019-0641-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-019-0641-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T10:53:02Z","timestamp":1671187982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-019-0641-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["641"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-019-0641-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Professor K. Rubia has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Shire and Medice and grants from Lilly and Shire. The other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"286"}}