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Previously identified blood-based transcriptomic biomarkers distinguished male and female subjects with MDD from those without the disorder. In the present pilot study, we investigated the performance of these biomarkers in pregnant and postpartum women with prior major depressive episodes, some of whom had current symptomatology. The symptom scores of 13 pregnant and 15 postpartum women were identified by the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS-SR-30) at the time of blood sampling. Blood levels of the 20 transcriptomic biomarkers and that of estrogen receptor 2 (<jats:italic>ESR2<\/jats:italic>), membrane progesterone receptor alpha and beta (<jats:italic>mPR\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mPR\u03b2<\/jats:italic>) were measured. In pregnant women, transcript levels of <jats:italic>ADCY3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ASAH1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ATP11C<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CDR2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ESR2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FAM46A<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mPR\u03b2, NAGA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>RAPH1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TLR7<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>ZNF291\/SCAPER<\/jats:italic> showed significant association with IDS-SR-30 scores, of which <jats:italic>ADCY3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FAM46A<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>RAPH1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TLR7<\/jats:italic> were identified in previous studies for their diagnostic potential for major depression<jats:italic>. ASAH1 and ATP11C<\/jats:italic> were previously also identified as potential markers of treatment efficacy. In postpartum women, transcript levels of <jats:italic>CAT<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CD59<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>RAPH1<\/jats:italic> demonstrated a trend of association with IDS-SR-30 scores. Transcript levels of <jats:italic>ADCY3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ATP11C<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FAM46A<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>RAPH1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>ZNF291\/SCAPER<\/jats:italic> correlated with <jats:italic>ESR2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mPR\u03b2<\/jats:italic> expressions in pregnant women, whereas these associations only existed for <jats:italic>mPR\u03b2<\/jats:italic> in postpartum women. These results suggest that a blood biomarker panel can identify depression symptomatology in pregnant women and that expression of these biomarker genes are affected by estrogen and\/or progesterone binding differently during pregnancy and postpartum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01188-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T09:03:23Z","timestamp":1611219803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Pilot validation of blood-based biomarkers during pregnancy and postpartum in women with prior or current depression"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1927-9892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. E.","family":"Redei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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