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Thus, it is difficult to parse out which parental and social factor contributes most to neurodevelopmental outcomes. This study aimed to assess clusters of parental and social factors associated with child psychopathology, behavioral problems, and cognition. This study employed the data of 11,875 children (9 to 11 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on 39 environmental measures and 30 child behavior and cognitive measures separately to identify clusters of parental and social factors and clusters of child psychopathology, behaviour, and cognition. Regression analysis was used to examine independent effects of each cluster of parental and social factors on child psychopathology, behavioral problems, and cognition. Greater <jats:italic>Parent Psychopathology<\/jats:italic> cluster was associated with greater <jats:italic>Child Psychopathology<\/jats:italic> cluster. Moreover, greater <jats:italic>Socioeconomic Status<\/jats:italic> cluster was associated with greater child <jats:italic>General Cognition<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Executive Function<\/jats:italic> but less <jats:italic>Behavioral Inhibition<\/jats:italic> clusters. Greater <jats:italic>Proximal Social Environment and Interaction<\/jats:italic> cluster were associated with less child <jats:italic>Impulsive Behavior<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Behavioral Inhibition<\/jats:italic>, but greater <jats:italic>Behavioral Activation<\/jats:italic> cluster. The environmental clusters related to birth outcomes, maternal tobacco, and drug use were not significantly related to child psychopathology, behavior, and cognition. Our findings suggest that socioeconomic status, parental psychopathology, and social environment and interactions are the strongest risks for behavioral problems and cognitive performance in a general child population. Intervention programs should target modifiable factors within these domains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0761-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T17:03:07Z","timestamp":1582736587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Parental and social factors in relation to child psychopathology, behavior, and cognitive function"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9348-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zu Xuan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonya","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0215-6338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anqi","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"761_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. 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