{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T16:56:28Z","timestamp":1793984188403,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is broadly acknowledged that the onset of dementia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) may be modifiable by the management of risk factors. While several recent guidelines and multidomain intervention trials on prevention of cognitive decline address lifestyle factors and risk diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, a special reference to the established risk factor of depression or depressive symptoms is systematically lacking. In this article we review epidemiological studies and biological mechanisms linking depression with AD and cognitive decline. We also emphasize the effects of antidepressive treatment on AD pathology including the molecular effects of antidepressants on neurogenesis, amyloid burden, tau pathology, and inflammation. We advocate moving depression and depressive symptoms into the focus of prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. We constitute that early treatment of depressive symptoms may impact on the disease course of AD and affect the risk of developing dementia and we propose the need for clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0839-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T11:03:00Z","timestamp":1589972580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":294,"title":["Depression\u2014an underrecognized target for prevention of dementia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Forugh S.","family":"Dafsari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"839_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update 1\u2013160 (World Health Organization, 2008). http:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/global_burden_disease\/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf?ua=1"},{"key":"839_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.11.007","volume":"9","author":"M Prince","year":"2013","unstructured":"Prince, M. et al. The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. 9, 63\u201375 (2013).","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"839_CR3","unstructured":"Prince M. et al. World Alzheimer Report 2015: The Global Impact of Dementia. An Anlaysis of Prevalence, Incidence, Costs and Trends. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International. https:\/\/www.alz.co.uk\/research\/WorldAlzheimerReport2015.pdf. (2015)."},{"key":"839_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31363-6","volume":"390","author":"G Livingston","year":"2017","unstructured":"Livingston, G. et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. Lancet 390, 2673\u20132734 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"839_CR5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Risk Reduction of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: WHO Guidelines 1\u201396 (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2019). https:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/neurology\/dementia\/guidelines_risk_reduction\/en\/."},{"key":"839_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.9.1393","volume":"41","author":"E Kokmen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kokmen, E. et al. Clinical risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a population-based case-control study. Neurology 41, 1393\u20131397 (1991).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"839_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988704269819","volume":"17","author":"DC Steffens","year":"2004","unstructured":"Steffens, D. C. et al. Methodology and preliminary results from the neurocognitive outcomes of depression in the elderly study. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 17, 202\u2013211 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"839_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.3.273","volume":"63","author":"DE Barnes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barnes, D. E., Alexopoulos, G. S., Lopez, O., Williamson, J. D. & Yaffe, K. Depressive symptoms, vascular disease, and mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 63, 273\u2013280 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR9","first-page":"2029","volume":"26","author":"D Steffens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steffens, D. Late-life depression and the prodromes of dementia. JAMA Psychiatry 26, 2029\u20132036 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2001.00967.x","volume":"35","author":"AF Jorm","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jorm, A. F. History of depression as a risk factor for dementia: an updated review. Austr N. Z. J. Psychiatry 35, 776\u2013781 (2001).","journal-title":"Austr N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.5.530","volume":"63","author":"RL Ownby","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ownby, R. L., Crocco, E., Acevedo, A., John, V. & Loewenstein, D. Depression and Risk for Alzheimer Disease. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 63, 530\u2013538 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.90","volume":"7","author":"OP Almeida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Almeida, O. P., Hankey, G. J., Yeap, B. B., Golledge, J. & Flicker, L. Depression as a modifiable factor to decrease the risk of dementia. Transl. Psychiatry 7, 1\u20136 (2017).","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e62124","volume":"75","author":"VM Dotson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dotson, V. M., Beydoun, M. A. & Zonderman, A. B. Recurrent depressive symptoms and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 75, 27\u201334 (2010).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"839_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.031773","volume":"75","author":"LV Kessing","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kessing, L. V. & Andersen, P. K. Does the risk of developing dementia increase with the number of episodes in patients with depressive disorder and in patients with bipolar disorder? J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 75, 1662\u20131666 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.5.753","volume":"60","author":"RC Green","year":"2003","unstructured":"Green, R. C. et al. Depression as a risk factor for alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 60, 753\u2013759 (2003).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"839_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.3.261","volume":"56","author":"P Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen, P., Ganguli, M., Mulsant, B. H. & Dekosky, S. T. The temporal relationship between depressive symptoms and dementia a community-based prospective study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 56, 261\u2013266 (1999).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03233.x","volume":"59","author":"JS Goveas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goveas, J. S. et al. Depressive symptoms and incidence of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in elderly women: the women\u2019s health initiative memory study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 59, 57\u201366 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"839_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.60","volume":"7","author":"AL Byers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Byers, A. L. & Yaffe, K. Depression and risk of developing dementia. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 7, 323\u2013331 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"839_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0660","volume":"74","author":"A Singh-Manoux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh-Manoux, A. et al. Trajectories of depressive symptoms before diagnosis of dementia. JAMA Psychiatry 74, 712\u2013718 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.118307","volume":"202","author":"BS Diniz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Diniz, B. S., Butters, M. A., Albert, S. M., Dew, M. A. & Reynolds, C. F. Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies. Br. J. Psychiatry 202, 329\u2013335 (2013).","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1481","volume":"69","author":"DE Barnes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barnes, D. E. et al. Midlife vs late-life depressive symptoms and risk of dementia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 69, 493\u2013498 (2012).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.07.008","volume":"222","author":"ML Barca","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barca, M. L. et al. Trajectories of depressive symptoms and their relationship to the progression of dementia. J. Affect Disord. 222, 146\u2013152 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"839_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00097-3","volume":"3","author":"SS Mirza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirza, S. S. et al. 10-year trajectories of depressive symptoms and risk of dementia: a population-based study. Lancet Psychiatry 3, 628\u2013635 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.0004","volume":"73","author":"AR Kaup","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaup, A. R. et al. Trajectories of depressive symptoms in older adults and risk of dementia. JAMA Psychiatry 73, 525\u2013531 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000111133","volume":"25","author":"L Rozzini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rozzini, L. et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment. Dement Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 25, 32\u201336 (2008).","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"839_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3162","volume":"74","author":"Z Ismail","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ismail, Z. et al. Prevalence of depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 74, 58\u201367 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.09.002","volume":"23","author":"MB Snowden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Snowden, M. B. et al. Longitudinal association of dementia and depression. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 23, 897\u2013905 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199606)11:6<507::AID-GPS337>3.0.CO;2-U","volume":"11","author":"CG Ballard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ballard, C. G., Bannister, C. & Oyebode, F. Depression in dementia sufferers. Int J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 11, 507\u2013515 (1996).","journal-title":"Int J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.04.1232","volume":"6","author":"RC Castilla-Puentes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Castilla-Puentes, R. C. & Habeych, M. E. Subtypes of depression among patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias. Alzheimers Dement 6, 63\u201369 (2010).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"839_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205012666150204124310","volume":"12","author":"S Chi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chi, S. et al. The prevalence of depression in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr. Alzheimer Res 12, 189\u2013198 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"839_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.3.435","volume":"63","author":"YE Geda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Geda, Y. E. et al. Depression, apolipoprotein E genotype, and the incidence of mild cognitive impairment A prospective cohort study. Arch. Neurol. 63, 435\u2013440 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"839_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-111922","volume":"313233","author":"K Steenland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Steenland, K. et al. Late-life depression as a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer\u2019s disease in 30 US Alzheimer\u2019s disease centers. J. Alzheimers Dis. 313233, 265\u2013275 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"839_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2975-4","volume":"42","author":"M Brendel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brendel, M. et al. Depressive symptoms accelerate cognitive decline in amyloid-positive MCI patients. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 42, 716\u2013724 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"839_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallagher, D., Kiss, A., Lanctot, K., Herrmann, N. Depression and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s dementia: a longitudinal analysis to determine predictors of increased risk among older adults with depression. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 26, 819\u2013827 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.05.002"},{"key":"839_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.603","volume":"70","author":"E Richard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Richard, E. et al. Late-life depression, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. JAMA Neurol. 70, 383\u2013389 (2013).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"839_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17040404","volume":"175","author":"C Bartels","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bartels, C., Wagner, M., Wolfsgruber, S., Ehrenreich, H. & Schneider, A. Impact of SSRI therapy on risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer\u2019s dementia in individuals with previous depression. Am. J. Psychiatry 175, 232\u2013241 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.12.127","volume":"12","author":"AP Hermida","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hermida, A. P., McDonald, W. M., Steenland, K. & Levey, A. The association between late-life depression, mild cognitive impairment and dementia: Is inflammation the missing link? Expert Rev. Neurother. 12, 1339\u20131350 (2012).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"839_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700013775","volume":"6","author":"BJ Carroll","year":"1976","unstructured":"Carroll, B. J., Curtis, G. C. & Mendels, J. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma free cortisol concentrations in depression. Psychol. Med. 6, 235\u2013244 (1976).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"839_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-7-3-284","volume":"7","author":"RM Sapolsky","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sapolsky, R. M., Krey, L. C. & Mcewen, B. S. The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endocr. Rev. 7, 284\u2013301 (1986).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"839_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1998.0173","volume":"20","author":"BS McEwen","year":"1999","unstructured":"McEwen, B. S. Stress and the aging hippocampus. Front Neuroendocrinol. 20, 49\u201370 (1999).","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"839_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9047","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2797-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"KN Green","year":"2006","unstructured":"Green, K. N. Glucocorticoids Increase amyloid-beta and tau pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neurosci. 26, 9047\u20139056 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"839_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00790-9","volume":"276","author":"G Budas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Budas, G., Coughlan, C. M., Seckl, J. R. & Breen, K. C. The effect of corticosteroids on amyloid \u03b2 precursor protein\/amyloid precursor-like protein expression and processing in vivo. Neurosci. Lett. 276, 61\u201364 (1999).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"839_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X20133275","volume":"47","author":"C Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang, C. et al. Changes in tau phosphorylation levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex following chronic stress. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 47, 237\u2013244 (2014).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"839_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.03.012","volume":"52","author":"T Frodl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frodl, T. & O\u2019Keane, V. How does the brain deal with cumulative stress? A review with focus on developmental stress, HPA axis function and hippocampal structure in humans. Neurobiol. Dis. 52, 24\u201337 (2013).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"839_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"DKD Sudheimer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sudheimer, D. K. D. et al. Cortisol, cytokines, and hippocampal volume interactions in the elderly. Front Aging Neurosci. 6, 1\u20137 (2014).","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"839_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.007","volume":"30","author":"J Popp","year":"2009","unstructured":"Popp, J. et al. CSF cortisol in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol. Aging 30, 498\u2013500 (2009).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"839_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.031","volume":"36","author":"J Popp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Popp, J. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid cortisol and clinical disease progression in MCI and dementia of Alzheimer\u2019s type. Neurobiol. Aging 36, 601\u2013607 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"839_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003537","volume":"88","author":"GE Ennis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ennis, G. E. et al. Long-term cortisol measures predict Alzheimer disease risk. Neurology 88, 371\u2013378 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"839_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00829-5","volume":"48","author":"DC Steffens","year":"2000","unstructured":"Steffens, D. C. et al. Hippocampal volume in geriatric depression. Biol. Psychiatry 48, 301\u2013309 (2000).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16030319","volume":"174","author":"FDE Winter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Winter, F. D. E. et al. No association of lower hippocampal volume with Alzheimer\u2019 s disease pathology in late-life depression. Am. J. Psychiatry 174, 237\u2013245 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.082","volume":"59","author":"A Dranovsky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dranovsky, A. & Hen, R. Hippocampal neurogenesis: regulation by stress and antidepressants. Biol. Psychiatry 59, 1136\u20131143 (2006).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2008.10.3\/mabutters","volume":"10","author":"MA Butters","year":"2008","unstructured":"Butters, M. A. et al. Pathways linking late-life depression to persistent cognitive impairment and dementia. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 10, 345\u2013357 (2008).","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"839_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12796","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.211427898","volume":"98","author":"B Czeh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Czeh, B. et al. Stress-induced changes in cerebral metabolites, hippocampal volume, and cell proliferation are prevented by antidepressant treatment with tianeptine. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 98, 12796\u201312801 (2001).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"839_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.09.006","volume":"21","author":"R Dantzer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dantzer, R. & Kelley, K. W. Twenty years of research on cytokine-induced sickness behavior. Brain Behav. Immun. 21, 153\u2013160 (2007).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"839_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.09.033","volume":"67","author":"Y Dowlati","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dowlati, Y. et al. A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol. Psychiatry 67, 446\u2013457 (2010).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.04.060","volume":"246","author":"JC Felger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Felger, J. C. & Lotrich, F. E. Inflammatory cytokines in depression: neurobiological mechanisms and and therapeutic implications. Neuroscience 246, 199\u2013229 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"839_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.143","volume":"42","author":"JC Felger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Felger, J. C. & Treadway, M. T. Inflammation effects on motivation and motor activity: role of dopamine. Neuropsychopharmacology 42, 216\u2013241 (2017).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"839_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","volume":"9","author":"R Dantzer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dantzer, R., O\u2019Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W. & Kelley, K. W. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 46\u201356 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"839_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.11.006","volume":"27","author":"CL Raison","year":"2006","unstructured":"Raison, C. L., Capuron, L. & Miller, A. H. Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends Immunol. 27, 24\u201331 (2006).","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"839_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","volume":"16","author":"AH Miller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller, A. H. & Raison, C. L. The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 16, 22\u201334 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"839_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30048-8","volume":"5","author":"E Setiawan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Setiawan, E. et al. Association of translocator protein total distribution volume with duration of untreated major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Psychiatry 5, 339\u2013347 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2427","volume":"72","author":"E Setiawan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Setiawan, E. et al. Role of translocator protein density, a marker of neuroinflammation, in the brain during major depressive episodes. JAMA Psychiatry 72, 268\u2013275 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","volume":"14","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heneka, M. T. et al. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol. 14, 388\u2013405 (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"839_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darweesh S. K. L. et al. Inflammatory markers and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement. 14, 1450\u20131459 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.014"},{"key":"839_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.06.012","volume":"68","author":"W Swardfager","year":"2010","unstructured":"Swardfager, W. et al. Meta-analysis of cytokines in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biol. Psychiatry 68, 930\u2013941 (2010).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt26","volume":"2","author":"ZS Tan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tan, Z. S. & Seshadri, S. Inflammation in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease cascade: culprit or innocent bystander? Alzheimer\u2019s Res Ther. 2, 3\u20135 (2010).","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res Ther."},{"key":"839_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3916","volume":"49","author":"R Sims","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sims, R. et al. Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Genet. 49, 1373\u20131384 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"839_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.021","volume":"626","author":"ASR Sierksma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sierksma, A. S. R., van den Hove, D. L. A., Steinbusch, H. W. M. & Prickaerts, J. Major depression, cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Is there a link? Eur. J. Pharm. 626, 72\u201382 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"839_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.08.001","volume":"27","author":"MP Mattson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mattson, M. P., Maudsley, S. & Martin, B. BDNF and 5-HT: a dynamic duo in age-related neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders. Trends Neurosci. 27, 589\u2013594 (2004).","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"839_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17040442","volume":"175","author":"NJ Donovan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Donovan, N. J. et al. Longitudinal association of amyloid beta and anxious-depressive symptoms in cognitively normal older adults. Am. J. Psychiatry 175, 530\u2013537 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8964","volume":"2","author":"Gatchel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gatchel et al. Longitudinal association of depression symptoms with cognition and cortical amyloid among community-dwelling older adults. JAMA Netw. Open 2, 1\u201313 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"839_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170001","volume":"59","author":"JR Gatchel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gatchel, J. R. et al. Depressive symptoms and tau accumulation in the inferior temporal lobe and entorhinal cortex in cognitively normal older adults. J. Alzheimers Dis. 59, 975\u2013985 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"839_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004171","volume":"89","author":"KE Sprecher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sprecher, K. E. et al. Poor sleep is associated with CSF biomarkers of amyloid pathology in cognitively normal adults. Neurology 89, 445\u2013453 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"839_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.05.054","volume":"653","author":"EN Minakawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Minakawa, E. N. et al. Chronic sleep fragmentation exacerbates amyloid \u03b2 deposition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease model mice. Neurosci. Lett. 653, 362\u2013369 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"839_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0049","volume":"75","author":"D Carvalho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carvalho, D. et al. Association of excessive daytime sleepiness with longitudinal \u03b2-amyloid accumulation in elderly persons without dementia. JAMA Neurol. 75, 672\u2013680 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"839_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.004","volume":"36","author":"KE Sprecher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sprecher, K. E. et al. Amyloid burden is associated with self-reported sleep in nondemented late middle-aged adults. Neurobiol. Aging 36, 2568\u20132576 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"839_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830220033006","volume":"54","author":"GS Alexopoulos","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alexopoulos, G. S. et al. \u201cVascular depression\u201d hypothesis. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 54, 915\u2013922 (1997).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.26","volume":"16","author":"C Anacker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anacker, C. et al. Antidepressants increase human hippocampal neurogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol. Psychiatry 16, 738\u2013750 (2011).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.02.033","volume":"56","author":"RS Duman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Duman, R. S. Depression: a case of neuronal life and death? Biol. Psychiatry 56, 140\u2013145 (2004).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.02.013","volume":"59","author":"RS Duman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Duman, R. S. & Monteggia, L. M. A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders. Biol. Psychiatry 59, 1116\u20131127 (2006).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2011.09.002","volume":"23","author":"M Banasr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Banasr, M., Dwyer, J. M. & Duman, R. S. Cell atrophy and loss in depression: reversal by antidepressant treatment. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 23, 730\u2013737 (2011).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"839_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-5-10","volume":"5","author":"M Aboukhatwa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aboukhatwa, M., Dosanjh, L. & Luo, Y. Antidepressants are a rational complementary therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol. Neurodegener. 5, 1\u201317 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"839_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083328","volume":"301","author":"L Santarelli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Santarelli, L. et al. Requirement of hippocampal neurogenesis for the behavioral effects of antidepressants. Science 301, 805\u2013809 (2003).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"839_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300234","volume":"28","author":"JE Malberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Malberg, J. E. & Duman, R. S. Cell proliferation in adult hippocampus is decreased by inescapable stress: reversal by fluoxetine treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology 28, 1562\u20131571 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"839_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.07.103","volume":"464","author":"SK Godavarthi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Godavarthi, S. K., Dey, P., Sharma, A. & Jana, N. R. Impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its partial reversal by chronic treatment of fluoxetine in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome. Biochem Biophys. Res Commun. 464, 1196\u20131201 (2015).","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys. Res Commun."},{"key":"839_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00001","volume":"10","author":"M Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang, M. et al. The role of fluoxetine in activating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling and repressing \u03b2-amyloid production in an Alzheimer mouse model. Front Aging Neurosci. 10, 1\u201313 (2018).","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"839_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9104","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09104.2000","volume":"20","author":"JE Malberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Malberg, J. E., Eisch, A. J., Nestler, E. J. & Duman, R. S. Chronic antidepressant treatment increases neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 20, 9104\u20139110 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"839_CR88","first-page":"1408","volume":"25","author":"Y-F Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li, Y.-F. et al. Moclobemide up-regulates proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells in chronically stressed mice 1. Acta Pharm. Sin. 25, 1408\u20131412 (2004).","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin."},{"key":"839_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00163-6","volume":"371","author":"A Magari\u00f1os","year":"1999","unstructured":"Magari\u00f1os, A., Deslandes, A. & McEwen, B. Effects of antidepressants and benzodiazepine treatments on the dendritic structure of CA3 pyramidal neurons after chronic stress. Eur. J. Pharm. 371, 113\u2013122 (1999).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"839_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03178.x","volume":"19","author":"J Alfonso","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alfonso, J. et al. Identification of genes regulated by chronic psychosocial stress and antidepressant treatment in the hippocampus. Eur. J. Neurosci. 19, 659\u2013666 (2004).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"839_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.08.037","volume":"126","author":"DS Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun, D. S. et al. Fluoxetine administration during adolescence attenuates cognitive and synaptic deficits in adult 3\u00d7TgAD mice. Neuropharmacology 126, 200\u2013212 (2017).","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"839_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01405-1","volume":"52","author":"EJ Nestler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nestler, E. J., Gould, E. & Manji, H. Preclinical models: status of basic research in depression. Biol. Psychiatry 52, 503\u2013528 (2002).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1516","volume":"160","author":"YI Sheline","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sheline, Y. I., Gado, M. H. & Kraemer, H. C. Untreated depression and hippocampal volume loss. Am. J. Psychiatry 160, 1516\u20131518 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206777698909","volume":"12","author":"J Schmitt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmitt, J. et al. Serotonin and human cognitive performance. Curr. Pharm. Des. 12, 2473\u20132486 (2006).","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"839_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.11.020","volume":"117","author":"LV Kessing","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kessing, L. V., S\u00f8nderg\u00e5rd, L., Forman, J. L. & Andersen, P. K. Antidepressants and dementia. J. Affect Disord. 117, 24\u201329 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"839_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14968","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107411108","volume":"108","author":"JR Cirrito","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cirrito, J. R. et al. Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid- levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 108, 14968\u201314973 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"839_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32834ace0f","volume":"26","author":"L Kessing","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kessing, L., Forman, J. & Andersen, P. Do continued antidepressants protect against dementia in patients with severe depressive disorder? Int Clin. Psychopharmacol. 26, 316\u2013322 (2011).","journal-title":"Int Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"839_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31802e0002","volume":"27","author":"A Mowla","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mowla, A., Mosavinasab, M. & Pani, A. Does fluoxetine have any effect on the cognition of patients with mild cognitive impairment?: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 27, 67\u201370 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"839_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1377041","volume":"47","author":"N Mokhber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mokhber, N. et al. Comparison of sertraline, venlafaxine and desipramine effects on depression, cognition and the daily living activities in alzheimer patients. Pharmacopsychiatry 47, 131\u2013140 (2014).","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.7.737","volume":"60","author":"CG Lyketsos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lyketsos, C. G. et al. Treating depression in Alzheimer disease efficacy and safety of sertraline therapy, and the benefits of depression reduction: the DIADS. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 60, 737\u2013746 (2003).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR101","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"YI Sheline","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sheline, Y. I. et al. An antidepressant decreases CSF A\u03b2 production in healthy individuals and in transgenic AD mice. Sci. Transl. Med 6, 1\u20138 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med"},{"key":"839_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Z. et al. Citalopram ameliorates impairments in spatial memory and synaptic plasticity in female 3xTgAD mice. Biomed. Res. Int. 2017, 1238687.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1238687"},{"key":"839_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.07.015","volume":"764","author":"F Caraci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caraci, F. et al. Neuroprotective effects of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine and its amide derivatives against A\u03b2(1-42)-induced toxicity. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 764, 256\u2013263 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"839_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2017.05.002","volume":"62","author":"NQV Tran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tran, N. Q. V., Nguyen, A. N., Takabe, K., Yamagata, Z. & Miyake, K. Pre-treatment with amitriptyline causes epigenetic up-regulation of neuroprotection-associated genes and has anti-apoptotic effects in mouse neuronal cells. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 62, 1\u201312 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol."},{"key":"839_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-015-0519-4","volume":"56","author":"QG Ren","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ren, Q. G. et al. Escitalopram ameliorates forskolin-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in HEK239\/tau441 cells. J. Mol. Neurosci. 56, 500\u2013508 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"839_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13328","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7798","volume":"7","author":"Y-J Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, Y.-J. et al. Escitalopram attenuates \u03b2-amyloid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in primary hippocampal neurons through the 5-HT 1A receptor mediated Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2 pathway. Oncotarget 7, 13328\u201313339 (2016).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"839_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.12.011","volume":"26","author":"RJ Tynan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tynan, R. J. et al. A comparative examination of the anti-inflammatory effects of SSRI and SNRI antidepressants on LPS stimulated microglia. Brain Behav. Immun. 26, 469\u2013479 (2012).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"839_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.10.002","volume":"67","author":"FR Walker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walker, F. R. A critical review of the mechanism of action for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Do these drugs possess anti-inflammatory properties and how relevant is this in the treatment of depression? Neuropharmacology 67, 304\u2013317 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"839_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.10.016","volume":"313","author":"SW Jeon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jeon, S. W. & Kim, Y. K. Inflammation-induced depression: its pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. J. Neuroimmunol. 313, 92\u201398 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"839_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.176","volume":"40","author":"P Patr\u00edcio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patr\u00edcio, P. et al. Differential and converging molecular mechanisms of antidepressants\u2019 action in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neuropsychopharmacology 40, 338\u2013349 (2015).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"839_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2005.12.007","volume":"6","author":"D Brustolim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brustolim, D. et al. A new chapter opens in anti-inflammatory treatments: the antidepressant bupropion lowers production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in mice. Int. Immunopharmacol. 6, 903\u2013907 (2006).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"839_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-010-0535-4","volume":"382","author":"AM Bielecka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bielecka, A. M., Paul-Samojedny, M. & Obuchowicz, E. Moclobemide exerts anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary mixed glial cell culture. Naunyn-Schmied. Arch. Pharm. 382, 409\u2013417 (2010).","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmied. Arch. Pharm."},{"key":"839_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145707007729","volume":"11","author":"P Vollmar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vollmar, P., Haghikia, A., Dermietzel, R. & Faustmann, P. M. Venlafaxine exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect in an inflammatory co-culture model. Int J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 11, 111\u2013117 (2008).","journal-title":"Int J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"839_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70347-3","volume":"9","author":"CR Jack","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jack, C. R. et al. Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer\u2019s pathological cascade. Lancet Neurol. 9, 1\u201320 (2010).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"839_CR115","first-page":"1","volume":"2975","author":"P Lewczuk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lewczuk, P. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers for neurodegenerative dementias: an update of the consensus of the task force on biological markers in psychiatry of the world federation of societies of biological psychiatry. World J. Biol. Psychiatry 2975, 1\u201385 (2017).","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"839_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.4668","volume":"313","author":"WJ Jansen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jansen, W. J. et al. Prevalence of cerebral amyloid pathology in persons without dementia: a meta-analysis. JAMA 313, 1924\u20131938 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-020-0839-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-020-0839-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-020-0839-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T13:41:37Z","timestamp":1670247697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-020-0839-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-020-0839-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"160"}}